GRADUATE JOBS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SECTOR Environment • Sustainable development • Green industry • Environmental careers 2013/2014 • Discover new and exciting careers • Useful contacts • Graduate profiles • What employers are looking for The smart way to plan your career Buloiymldent emp Interview insights Graduate schemes skills Careers FAIR CV Register Follow us on Register with gradireland.com Leading graduate oyers emplo Workce experien Careers advice nd gradirela Careers Report Further study J ob s CONTENTS Your environmental career Introducing your career ......................................2 Getting a job ............................................................4 Areas of work Environmental consultancy and business services ..........................................6 Energy efficiency and management ..............7 Waste management and recovery ..................8 Renewable energy..................................................9 Environmental management/ conservation ..........................................................10 Water and wastewater treatment services ..................................................11 Green ICT and green building technologies ........................................12 Other ‘green’ career areas ................................13 Graduate profiles ....................................14 Professional development Training and career development ................16 Further study Postgraduate Study ............................................18 © the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Pure research options ........................................19 Further information..............................20 gradireland Environment is published by the Association of Higher Education Careers Services and GTI Media Ltd (Ireland). We would like to thank all third level careers services in Ireland and Northern Ireland and our publishing partners AHECS for their help with this publication. Project manager Jill Barrett, Dublin Institute of Technology Writer Jill Barrett Editor Ruairi Kavanagh Design and production Nick Winchester Sales manager Gavan O’Brien Publisher Mark Mitchell International managing director & founder Adrian Wood GTI Ireland, 14–16 Lord Edward Street, Dublin 2, Ireland Tel +353 (0)1 645 1500 Email gradireland@groupgti.com Web www.groupgti.com Find us on Twitter and Facebook © October 2013 Association of Higher Education Careers Services and GTI Media Ltd (Ireland). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means including, but not limited to, photocopying or stored in a retrieval system in any form without prior written consent of the Association of Higher Education Careers Services. This is subject to the single exception of photocopying by the Association of Higher Education Careers Service member institutions. All items so used should be fully acknowledged. The views expressed in articles are those of the author and their publication does not necessarily imply that such views are shared by the Association of Higher Education Careers Services and GTI. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of this publication, the author and publishers cannot accept responsibility for any inaccuracies, or for consequential loss arising from such inaccuracies, or for any other loss, direct or consequential, arising in connection with information in this publication. Acknowledgements Dr. Duncan Lawrence, Consultant, Fehily Timoney & Co. Ltd and Prof.Sue Christie OBE, Chief Executive, Northern Ireland Environment Link. TITLES IN THIS SERIES • Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences* • Construction* • Engineering • Finance • Hospitality & Tourism* • IT • Journalism &Media* • Languages* • • • • • • • Law Property* Psychology* Retail* Science* Social Work* Teaching & Education* • Work Experience & Time Out* * Available as downloads only from gradireland.com/publications Environment 2013/2014 | 1 Welcome gradireland Environment 2013/2014 Your environmental career Your environmental career Introducing your career What is the green economy? Environment jobs in the Republic of Ireland The term 'the green economy' has been coined to describe the broad range of goods and services that fall within the spectrum of environmental and natural resource use, management and protection. The drive is on to make our planet a better place to live. Following decades of industrial growth and waste, sustainability is the new buzzword. There are several factors behind this: • The recession, and the stagnation of global growth witnessed in the first decade of the 21st Century. • Growing awareness of climate change, with a specific focus on the reduction of carbon emissions. • The rising cost of fossil fuel costs due to factors including the nature of supply and political instability in many oil and gas producing countries. • At government level, worldwide, there has been a huge increase in the search for cheaper and more sustainable sources of energy, to make optimum use of existing supplies and to ease the dependency of countries on oil and gas imports. In 2010, the market size of the Environmental Goods and Services sector was estimated to be over €3 billion. In 2009 a High Level Action Group on Green Enterprise established by Forfás and the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Innovation published its report Developing the Green Economy in Ireland. Directly as a result of its recommendations, €660 million was committed to sustainable energy programmes, water services investment and retrofitting of the public housing stock. A recovery rate of 70 per cent has been achieved for packaging waste, exceeding the EU target of 60 per cent by 2011. Progress continues to be made on EU Landfill Directive diversion targets for biodegradable municipal waste. Strides are also being made towards developing further investment in water services, wind energy, electric cars, promoting biological waste recycling and supports for bioenergy, supported by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Environment Ireland is Ireland’s annual conference on environmental policy and management, organised in association with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government to discuss issues such as waste management, planning, environmental regulation, water reform, transport and climate change. The IBM Technology Campus in Dublin hosts the Smarter Cities Technology Centre, where research is carried out on science and technology for smarter urban and environmental systems such as transport, communication, water and energy. A key focus of the project is to investigate how advanced analytics and visualisation techniques, coupled with solutions such as Cloud, stream, and high performance computing, can help city authorities make optimal use of resources. EU directives in crucial areas such as energy, landfill and wastewater define the sustainability obligations for both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland. Graduates from disciplines as diverse as engineering, science, geography, IT and sustainable development are needed to help each jurisdiction achieve its sustainability goals. 2| Environment 2013/2014 Your environmental career Environment jobs in Northern Ireland The green economy in Northern Ireland shows similar promise. Research has indicated that targeted investment and growth of the renewable sector could potentially create up to 30,000 jobs. Sectors likely to offer the greatest job numbers include hi-tech manufacturing, wind farm assembly and biomass production in the agricultural sector. In July 2012, the Northern Ireland Environmental Agency (NIEA) produced its strategic plan for 2012–2020. This prioritised four action areas: the creation of a healthy natural environment; the promotion of health and well-being of all in protecting the environment; the need to foster sustainable growth; and the efficient and effective use of resources. The goals set for each area follow the implementation of Northern Ireland Executive’s Sustainable Development Implementation Plan agreed for all its government departments. Why choose an environmental career? Against the tide of many sectors, the career opportunities associated with environmental sustainability are growing slowly but steadily. Predictions for the Republic of Ireland state that job figures within the green economy should rise to 29,000 by 2015. In the period 2008-2010 alone around 2,000 green-related jobs were created in the Republic. This does not count over 5,000 jobs anticipated for publiclyfunded retrofitting programmes for built development. A recent Forfás National Skills Bulletin for the Republic shows significant demand for highly qualified and experienced engineering, science and technical graduates specialising in the energy sector. In the near future the utilities sector is expected to expand, based on policy decisions around renewable energy targets and a slowdown in the extraction sector. Survey figures published by Environmental Data Services (ENDS) for the UK, including Northern Ireland, predicts over 400,000 more ‘green’ jobs being generated by 2020. Transition towns The broad aim of the transition movement is to build localised, balanced and resilient communities able to withstand energy, climate or economic crises whilst creating a better quality of life for their inhabitants. The existing network of transition towns aims to support others by inspiring, encouraging and training individuals and their communities as they adopt the transition approach to community empowerment and change. The concept first emanated from the principles of permaculture as described by Bill Mollison, and was developed by Rob Hopkins in Kinsale College of Further Education. In the course of their studies on permaculture his students coined the term 'transition town'. There are now hundreds of communities recognised as official transition towns in countries around the world including Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Italy and Chile. The climate change movement In 1997 the Kyoto Protocol, linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, committed signatory States, including both the Republic and North of Ireland, to annual targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). It came into force in 2005. At the Doha summit in 2012, the Kyoto Protocol was extended for a further eight years to 2020. Kyoto brought considerable impetus in the drive to get governments worldwide to actively invest in establishing renewable energy sources to enhance diversity and security of supply and to reduce carbon emissions. Following the enactment of the Kyoto Protocol a commitment to reducing carbon emissions globally and carbon emissions in particular has left each subscribing country with an annual target for emissions reduction leading up to 2020. A key objective of the EU is to make the EU area 20 per cent more energy efficient by 2020 than it was in 2005. Environment 2013/2014 | 3 Your environmental career Getting a job What you need to know to find the right job and convince the employer you are the right person to do it. W hilst the number of opportunities in this sector is increasing due to the emerging green agenda, they are more limited relative to other more labour intensive sectors. While the number of employers is growing, the number of vacancies that most have on offer at any one time can be very limited. This is a highly competitive sector, so you need to be persistent in your job search and make yourself stand out from the crowd. The areas of work in the following section will give you a flavour of the type of opportunities on offer. It is important to acknowledge that the nature of this career area means that many sectors overlap with one another. Your graduate role within these fields will depend on what employment experience you have gained in college and the level of qualification you have achieved. If you are prepared to travel you will find significant opportunities overseas. Entry requirements Employers in this sector will expect you to have an excellent knowledge of, and passion for, the environment combined with a qualification in a discipline highly relevant to your chosen field of work (or at least have completed a number of modules relevant to your target career area). A relevant postgraduate qualification may also help. The Republic’s policy body Forfás emphasises a growing need for biology, chemistry, computer science and technology, engineering and 'cognitive science' graduates. By its nature, the sector often requires the input of members of inter-disciplinary teams into any one project. Excellent skills in team-working, communication and innovation are prerequisites for this kind of work. Job applications and interviews The more technical jobs will require you to demonstrate high-level practical skills, both through your written application and at interview. Some large organisations may require you to complete assessment centre exercises which simulate the type of skills you will need for the job. Interviews are likely to be competence-based and some 4| Environment 2013/2014 Where are the jobs? Don’t limit your search exclusively to those who profess to be 'green' recruiters. Do your research into the agencies that have recruitment consultants who are specialists in your discipline. Some may have great expertise and contacts for placing engineering graduates, others for those in the environmental sciences etc. In addition to pure public and private sector jobs, NGOs offer excellent opportunities, both paid and voluntary, especially abroad. How to find vacancies Larger organisations may recruit through the annual milk round, through recruitment agencies or through agencyrun websites. Public sector jobs are advertised on www.publicjobs.ie (in the Republic) and www.nicsrecruitment.gov.uk (Northern Ireland). The Republic of Ireland has a low number of advertised vacancies compared to the UK. Broadcast and press advertising is extremely rare for graduate green roles. Green-specific agencies (with associated websites), such as www.greenjobs.ie, or desks within generalist agencies are on the increase as demand from the sector increases. Bear in mind that the number of organisations offering work in this way is relatively low because it is an expensive way to recruit. Many employers tend to use more cost-effective methods of recruitment: on their own websites and via word of mouth and social media. It's essential to actively seek out opportunities. Decide which organisations you are interested and follow them on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. In particular, exploit LinkedIn to the full. Use the Jobs tab to search for specific opportunities using search terms for sectors and subsectors that interest you (eg wind, energy, sustainable development, environmental services, waste management). Join as many environmental and green-related discussion groups as you can, both national and international. Employers often circulate details of jobs only in these groups. Work experience The environmental and green sector has a longestablished record of taking on students on work experience so there is no excuse for not getting this type of hands-on experience to complement your studies. After you have graduated, you may be able to find a graduate internship with an environmental or energy body. Unpaid work is becoming increasingly the norm as a means of getting a foot in the door of the workplace, and may well pay off in the longer term. Environment 2013/2014 | 5 Your environmental career employers may conduct a technical interview as well as a general one. You will be expected to draw from your experience of your most relevant modules from your college course and any individual or group projects you had to do, including your dissertation, as well as from your work experience. Areas of work T his is one of the largest sources of jobs within the environmental sector. You may be employed as an internal consultant/advisor or be contracted in from a consultancy firm (or directly if you are self-employed). Some areas covered include: • the development and audit of environmental management systems (EMS) • carbon offsetting • environmental impact assessment (EIA) • integrated pollution prevention and control • licensing • waste permits • water evaluation • chemical analysis • consultancy on energy retrofitting. There are also opportunities in areas such as risk management, corporate social responsibility (CSR), marketing, public relations, financial services and investment, health and safety, general compliance, outsourcing and training. Buildings and infrastructure Environmental impact statements (EIS) are a statutory requirement for all major build development and infrastructure projects. While building booms come and go, the necessary work must always be carried out by qualified professionals. Graduates with a legal 6| Environment 2013/2014 © the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Environmental consultancy and business services qualification will find opportunities with both plant operators and regulators in the application of environmental law. Training and education As a trainer, you may find yourself delivering services as an external consultant, or in-house, to bring an organisation’s staff up to speed with the relevant legislation or new environmental protection measures or technology. For example, environmental science and environmental health graduates may find work as compliance officers or quality auditors in in agri-business or food and drinks processing and production. This involves ensuring that environmental management systems are in place and properly operated and other standards such as health and safety, quality assurance and food safety practices are consistently adhered to. Policy Consultants and advisors are required in policy and legislative development and implementation at local and national level. Finance and business graduates will find work advising clients in the private, public and nonprofit sectors on new strategies and policies, business models, investment opportunities, carbon credit/ renewable energy trading and the capabilities they need to become leaders in the emerging low carbon economy. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • • • • • Engineering Science Environmental Management Sustainable Development Law Areas of work Energy efficiency and management T his sub-sector of the green economy concerns itself with optimising energy consumption and managing the consequent carbon emissions. One of Europe’s fastest growing sectors, energy efficiency across all European States was generating a turnover of over €300 billion in 2011, and is expected to offer the greatest potential for job creation in the future. Demand has been stimulated by the following factors: • An EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings required that from 2007 all new domestic dwellings to be BER (Building Energy Rating) certified; in 2009 this requirement was extended to all buildings listed for sale, rent or lease. • For public sector buildings, a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) system applies. • Eco construction techniques are increasingly required to comply with building regulations in both the Republic and North of Ireland. • In 2011 the government in the Republic launched the Better Energy Homes scheme with a view to improving the Building Energy Rating (BER) of residential dwellings. This included grants for energyefficient home improvements resulting in a growth in demand for services. Jobs are available in this sector for civil, structural and environmental © the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland engineering graduates and also those with degrees in areas such as construction management, planning, design, architecture and architectural technology. Graduates of these disciplines with skills in the following areas are specifically sought after: • carbon emissions management and trading • energy efficiency in buildings • energy management • environmental management systems • financial services and investment • green transport • health and safety • outsourcing • refuse derived fuels • renewables. Graduate roles in sustainable construction includes retrofit: analysing the energy rating of buildings and carrying out alterations or enhancements to improve their energy performance (eg insulation, solar panels, ground or air sourced heat pumps, sophisticated temperature controls systems). While growth in employment may slow due to curtailments in funding, opportunities still arise for qualified graduates especially from technical, engineering and science disciplines. Despite the reduction in indigenous construction projects, the capital programmes within the Republic and North of Ireland continue to generate jobs. Specialist roles also exist for graduates in keeping and reporting on national air emission inventories for the EU and UN, in making projections to these bodies and in data analysis and management for the Emissions Trading Registry. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • • • • Engineering Science ICT Construction related disciplines Environment 2013/2014 | 7 Areas of work Waste management and recovery V arious opportunities exist for graduates in the areas of waste management, disposal and recovery. Organisations such as the Environmental Protection Agency employ graduates with technical and science backgrounds and environmental, ecology, chemical engineering and health and safety specialisms to implement and monitor waste disposal and recovery processes. The expertise of design, engineering, science, technical and ICT graduates is required in the development of even more advanced technologies in waste processing equipment and processes. Skills are sought in the following areas: • Generating energy from waste, composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) • Trading and investment in waste • The management of hazardous waste • Health and safety • Landfill management • Organics recycling • Plant equipment • Recycling and recovery • Refuse collection vehicles • Refuse derived fuels • Security • Software • Standards and certification • Policy development. Waste management A recent ESRI study estimated that the volume of municipal waste is set to increase substantially (within the 8| Environment 2013/2014 next ten years in particular). This will necessitate further investment in waste management infrastructure which is good news for graduates, particularly engineers. Programmes in Ireland, north and south, aim to increase awareness of the environmental impact of excess consumption and waste and improve the co-ordination of regional waste management plans. Recycling and waste recovery The recovery of waste is a significant contributor to economies, with a strong market demand for materials such as plastics, metals and organic waste products. A range of jobs exists in the development of composting and other anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Graduate expertise is also required into researching how resources can be recovered from waste and in recycling it into new materials. EU legislation such as the Waste Framework Directive and the Landfill Directive set government targets to ensure that increasing quantities of waste are recovered or recycled and that bio-degradable municipal waste is diverted from landfill. There is particular interest in the development of adequate infrastructure to treat organic or ‘brown’ waste (particularly food) that must be collected separately and diverted from landfill. Roles for graduates also exist within environmental regulatory bodies in developing outlets for the products of organic waste treatment. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • • • • Engineering Science ICT Environmental Management Areas of work Renewable energy T his sector encompasses all the products, systems and services for the generation and collection of energy from sustainable energy sources such as biomass/biofuels, solar, wind, geothermal, photovoltaic (PV), hydro, tidal and geothermal sources. This is a growth area: worldwide investment in renewable energy had reached over €140 bn towards the end of the first decade of this millennium and patents in renewable energies are rising. Ireland has been identified as one of the most promising locations around the world for harvesting both wind and ocean based sources of energy. The €1.15 billion Oriel Windfarm project alone will see 330 MW of renewable energy delivered into the Irish Grid. The Irish Wind Energy Association (IWEA) has estimated that by 2020 around 16,000 jobs may have been created in Ireland in the wind industry. This level of manpower is what is required if Ireland is to reach its 40 per cent electricity-from-renewables target by that date. By June 2012 there were 176 wind farms across 27 counties in Ireland. A growing area is that of recycled energy development which aims to profitably reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and recovering waste energy, especially through combined heat and power (CHP)/cogeneration and waste heat recovery. Jobs for graduates Environmental, electrical and mechanical engineers are especially sought after in roles connected to the construction, erection and operation of turbines and in developing and monitoring their internal electrical systems. This sector also provides a wide range of career possibilities for ICT and cognitive science graduates in developing software based components for, and assessing the power output of, these systems. The new, and developing, field of ocean sources of energy will also be a rich source of career prospects for graduates. Expertise is specifically required in turbine design, wave tank model testing and wave energy modelling. Further graduate opportunities exist in the construction of energy generating and processing equipment and in the design, construction, installation management and operation of renewable energy facilities. Further roles arise in raising investment capital for energy projects, in its trade and steering the construction of plants through the regulatory process ensuring compliance with required planning and environmental standards. The solar energy sector offers opportunities for science and engineering graduates, especially those with specialist expertise in mechanical, design and electrical engineering. Graduate skills are required in the development of passive solar systems, active solar heating and solar PV systems worldwide. Bioenergy and biofuels are created from renewable organic material known as biomass. Graduates, particularly in chemistry, the wider sciences and technical disciplines will find jobs in designing, developing and supplying technologies to companies processing raw biomass material (such as wood waste and food crops) and converting it into heat or power sources or into biofuels such as wood pellets or bioethanol. Jobs in this area within Ireland are limited so jobseekers interested in this area should be prepared to travel overseas. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • Science • ICT • Engineering Environment 2013/2014 | 9 Areas of work Environmental management/conservation T his sector is broadly concerned with managing the natural environment including open spaces and the flora and fauna that exist within them. Jobs for graduates Jobs are available for graduates across a range of functions, including: • pollution monitoring and control • contaminated land/protection of protected habitats • monitoring agricultural processes • air gas and particle monitoring • air pollution control • due diligence • environmental monitoring and analysis • noise and vibration control • spill control and clean-up • groundwater services • asbestos services • monitoring and managing ecosystems. Graduates may also work in an advisory capacity in measuring the potential environmental impact of construction developments and making recommendations on planning applications. Conservation officers work on preserving and enhancing habitats in urban and rural areas. The Wildlife Trusts in both Northern and the Republic of Ireland provide a limited number of graduate opportunities in the protection of wildlife and countryside habitats and in promoting biodiversity. Often, graduates working with these 10 | Environment 2013/2014 organisations also have an educational role. Many graduates will find their job prospects significantly enhanced by travelling abroad or by doing voluntary work. Numerous NGOs operate conservation work placement programmes worldwide, the experience of which will enhance your CV greatly. Ecologists are employed in recording and monitoring the range and volume of species which exist in a particular area and they study and report on the interaction between the species in that habitat. Environmental consultants, officers and managers may help those operating within industry and agriculture to ensure that they uphold sustainable practices aligned with the regulatory framework for their sectors. Employment with fisheries and the conservation of freshwater habitats is another option for graduates. Jobs can be found with public and private sector bodies protecting and developing stock in marine or freshwater/inland fisheries. At sea, fisheries officers will work with colleagues in the inspection processes for all those harvesting and selling marine fish stock. Those gaining roles concerning freshwater/inland fish stocks are responsible for researching, monitoring, assessing and protecting fish and other aquatic life. Water quality scientists and water conservation officers engage in the monitoring, protection and management of areas where groundwater is critical or may also work with organisations responsible for drinking water supplies. Others may be involved with projects concerning rivers, lakes and estuary monitoring and management. They also act in an advisory capacity on the impact that developments such as drainage projects will have on the environment. As our climate changes and flooding becomes a wider issue across the UK and Ireland, flood and coastal management roles are rising for engineering graduates in particular. DEGREES REQUIRED • • • • • • • • Environmental management Environmental science Biology Ecology Hydrology Conservation Environmental health Geography. Areas of work Water and wastewater treatment services T here are many indigenous companies offering water-related services, following the growth in the public investment in infrastructure in leak control, monitoring and supply networks and water analysis. Since 2009, significant investments have been made in enhancements to drinking and waste water treatment in both jurisdictions across the island of Ireland, which are legally bound to comply with the EU Urban Waste Water Directive. Leaks due to deteriorating pipe work and bacterial contamination of small group water schemes urgently require addressing and will create new opportunities in the future. Jobs for graduates Repairing and replacing the existing supply and collection networks will continue to provide jobs for graduates especially from engineering and technical disciplines. Graduates will also find opportunities in developing intelligent systems for monitoring and detecting leakages within water networks and also in developing advanced technologies for processing wastewater sludge. Science graduates in particular will find opportunities with companies developing advanced technologies for water treatment such as membrane systems and ultraviolet (UV) treatment. There are some jobs for graduates of all environment-related disciplines in developing integrated greywater recycling and rainwater harvesting systems. Hydrogeologists are employed in this sector to work on projects around groundwater flow and quality including sourcing supply, testing water quality and ensuring that supplies are protected from pollution. Geologists do similar work in assessing rock and soil conditions and advising on construction projects before and during completion. Although growth is limited in DBO (Design-Build-Operate) projects, graduate jobs can also be found in water and wastewater treatment plant development, for example in upgrading existing septic tanks. DEGREES REQUIRED • Engineering • Science • Geology Environment 2013/2014 | 11 Areas of work Green ICT and green building technologies O pportunities exist for computing and engineering graduates in software development for green building and green transport. These might include energy efficient microprocessors, efficient batteries, controllers and sensors for ‘smart’ products, energy efficient servers and PCs, smart grids and solar cells. As systems become more complex and intelligent, graduates will be required to work on projects combining the technologies of ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology and the cognitive sciences. A recent Forfás report on skills shortages in this area highlighted the need for graduates with specialist expertise in business 12 | Environment 2013/2014 analysis, engineering (particularly electrical, electronic, design, manufacturing and mechanical), mathematics and statistics. Graduates will also find roles in designing, manufacturing, using, and the sustainable disposal of computers, servers, monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems. Graduate skills are required in the continual drive to make computers as energyefficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiencyrelated computer technologies. Many IT departments have green computing initiatives focused on reducing the environmental impact of their IT operations. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • • • • • Computing Engineering Science Mathematics Statistics Areas of work Other ‘green’ career areas Research There are research opportunities within all industries in the ‘green’ economy, in public, private and notfor-profit organisations. At government level both the North and Republic of Ireland have green research and development (R&D) high on the agenda, with a particular emphasis on the pooling of research expertise, the development of research alliances, the consolidation of R&D funding programmes and the development R&D strategy for the overall green and clean-tech sector. Evidence of this can be seen in the growth and expansion of centres in colleges and universities throughout Ireland, many of which are managing leading-edge research projects contributing to the development of green initiatives worldwide. Food and retail Consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious. Shoppers want to know whether food and other retail items, especially footwear and clothing, have been produced and distributed using sustainable practices. Graduate buyers working for ethical retailers will be expected to vet suppliers strictly in considering where to purchase goods. In terms of packaging in particular, and also in terms of the reduction, reuse and recycling of domestic electrical waste, those promoting the drive for sustainability seek to influence manufacturers to invest in sustainable production and to consider the life cycle of their product. Food exports remain one of the greatest contributors to the Irish economy and the food and drinks industry as a whole is Ireland’s most important indigenous industry. Quality artisan food production is growing steadily. Positions as food technologists, quality control and quality assurance technicians, development chefs and food product development experts are increasingly common for food technology and culinary arts graduates. Eco-tourism The increase in awareness of our personal environmental impact has stimulated growth in the eco-tourism sector, offering jobs for students and graduates of all disciplines. This includes roles promoting eco-holidays and also those helping tourism and travel companies to reduce their negative impact on the planet. Other business functions As with all other careers, organisations in all areas of the environmental goods and services sector of the economy also employ graduates from all disciplines in the day-to-day operational functions such as human resource management, sales, marketing, accounting and finance and IT support. DEGREES BENEFICIAL • Science • Food technology • All disciplines. Environment 2013/2014 | 13 Graduate profiles Graduate profiles THE VALUE OF GOOD WORK EXPERIENCE A YEAR OUT HELPED ME CHOOSE MY PATH NAME Ciara Jacoby DEGREE M.Sc. Environmental Science, B.A. Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin (TCD) EMPLOYER Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) JOB TITLE Chemist Technician (JobBridge Internship) NAME Connor McGimpsey DEGREE BSc Land Use and Environmental Management (2012), Queens University Belfast (QUB) EMPLOYER Quadra Consulting, Belfast JOB TITLE Environmental Consultant Starting out Starting out After completing my Masters in Environmental Science in September 2011, I knew that I wanted to pursue a career in environmental monitoring given my analytical background in chemistry. After graduating I had the opportunity to work in the Biogeochemistry lab in Trinity College Dublin. Whilst there I analysed water samples for nutrient and major ion concentrations taken from lakes and coastal regions in Ireland as well as the Ria Formosa lagoon in Portugal. I began studying chemistry at Queens but decided to change to environmental management. The course was of particular interest as it seemed to provide broad skills which would aid my employability. I wasn't sure which specific career path to choose so I took a year out which allowed me to gain insight into the construction industry and associated industries. During this time I also pursued a year-long course in Health and Safety Management. This proved vital in obtaining my current job where I work within a consultancy implementing Environmental, Health and Safety and Quality Management Systems, in addition to other specialist environmental services such as giving advice on Site Waste Management Plans. My current job My current role in Inland Fisheries was advertised on many recruitment websites and I applied for it directly through the FÁS website. The on-going monitoring of water quality on a number of key inland waterways is one of the main roles of Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI). The purpose of the work is to identify and eliminate sources of pollution or incidents of fish kills, thus maintaining these waterways as a valuable recreational resource. IFI is also involved in a broad range of fisheries research and monitoring activities including water chemistry, aquatic vegetation, coarse fish, pike, salmonids, conservation species, estuarine and marine fish. My main responsibility is water quality analysis. This involves processing water samples for nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), alkalinity, turbidity and heavy metals. I'm also involved in creating a new water chemistry database for the lab which will consolidate all sample results recorded since the 1970s. Different research officers send in water samples from several sites around the country for analysis. These sites include the water framework sites, IFI fish farms and important fishery sensitive locations. The experience I have gained at IFI has been truly invaluable. I have been given the opportunity to implement analytical techniques that I utilized during my Masters and have developed a greater degree of competency. Recently I assisted with the on-going Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inter-calibration programme which our laboratory must participate in. This is implemented as part of a quality management scheme for the IFI lab. Tips for students and graduates Networking is extremely important. LinkedIn.com, for example, is great way of finding people and companies in your discipline. Internships are central in providing experience to graduates that employers’ ultimately desire. 14 | Environment 2013/2014 Job hunting After finishing university I took a part time job while I searched for something more permanent by scanning jobsites and registering with recruitment agencies. I had had my CV honed and had done real-life interviews during the preparation for my placement and that was a great help when it came to sourcing a graduate job. The careers service gave mock interviews and a contact who had previously worked for my current employer gave me some brilliant advice on the company’s approach and how the interviewers would want me to come across. Tips for students and graduates My advice to those taking this career path would be to think carefully about what your goals are. Engaging in work experience during college is a great way to confirm to you whether you are taking the right direction and it may also highlight other options to you. Chat with your careers adviser and different employers to see what they are looking for. INDEPENDENCE AND CREATIVITY ENCOURAGED NAME Hilary Murphy DEGREE(S) M.Sc. Sustainable Development (2010), B.Sc. Spatial Planning (2004), Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) EMPLOYER Dublin City University JOB TITLE Sustainability Officer/Public Policy Researcher NAME Niall Mulcahy DEGREE BEng Sustainability Energy (2012), Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) EMPLOYER Codema EDUCATION Research Assistant My current role Starting out The position offered me the opportunity to work on a broad spectrum of projects relating to all the core pillars of sustainability, whilst also engaging the skills of my background degree. It gave me many ways in which I could continue to learn about sustainability and contribute to broader national and international projects and agendas. I began by accepting a placement position with The Greenway Cleantech Cluster. This position was accommodated within one of The Greenway partner organisations based at Dublin City University (DCU), a research think tank called NorDubCo. This led to my role as Research Officer for a public-policy think tank in tandem with working on a sustainability agenda for Dublin City University. The post involves carrying out research on a number of local, regional and national projects which concern public-policy, economic development, eco-innovation, the green economy and socio-economic analysis. My work also involves acting as a sustainability officer for the DCU campus. This incorporates working on green campus initiatives and developing partnerships with industry and others on sustainability related agendas, funding applications for sustainability research projects and coordination of cross campus activities relating to the promotion of sustainability. I’ve always had an interest in engineering, construction and problem-solving and I wanted a course that also gave me excellent career prospects. Our course director told us about the roles in Codema - an organisation that provides energy consultancy services to organisations in Ireland and has also worked on a number of European projects. For a college assignment I assessed the viability of making a building more energy efficient using roof-mounted wind turbine and solar panels. Such energy-efficient practices were integral to the job that was on offer so telling Codema about my assignment work definitely contributed to my success at interview. Highlights of the job The best aspects of the job are definitely the variety of the work. I also love working on a University campus it has a great atmosphere and the opportunity to learn so much from the different skills and experiences of my colleagues is invaluable. I have particularly enjoyed one project where I worked on an Eco-Innovation Brief for Ireland on behalf of the EU and I also enjoy the challenges which come with pushing the sustainability agenda for the University. While I typically work independently, the mix of projects ensures a mix of colleagues, contacts and supports with whom I have regular contact. What my job entailed With another colleague I had to carry out energy audits of public libraries in the Dublin area. We began by analysing GPRN and MPRN meter reports and then organised visits to each building and discussed the current energy usage with the person responsible for managing each building. We then mapped out the floor area and the energy type and usage in each segment and did a general audit of the building. Finally we wrote up a report for the Head of Library Services. I was allowed a huge amount of autonomy in my work and independence and creativity were very much encouraged. Tips for students and graduates Good academic performance is crucial to getting a good job in this sector. Aim to work consistently through your studies - don’t leave your major effort until your final year. Always gear your CV specifically towards the job on offer and research employers comprehensively before you apply. Postgraduate study will give your CV an added boost – I’m just starting an MSc in Sustainable Energy Systems. Advice for students and graduates Be smart about the research projects you do and the opportunities that college presents. Undertaking a research thesis for example is a great way to make contacts in a research area which interests you and can equip you with a solid piece of work to use for writing publications and getting your name known. Participating in additional relevant training and events such as summer schools can really enhance your CV. Environment 2013/2014 | 15 Graduate profiles A GREAT ATMOSPHERE TO WORK IN Professional development Training and career development What to expect The variations of opportunity and degrees of difference in the many roles on offer in this sector are as wide as the sector itself. You might find yourself engaged in fieldwork, laboratory work, office-based work and indeed any combination of these and more. Hours are more likely to be regular in public sector bodies than private and in the latter especially you can expect that some evening or weekend work may be required. How your career might progress Graduates in the environmental field tend to be highly qualified – a recent ENDS survey reported that around 90% of ‘green’ job holders have at least an undergraduate degree with 50% of those also having a Masters. As such the level of responsibility in graduate roles is higher than for many other areas. Those with less experience and a lower level of professional qualifications may expect to commence as a trainee or junior officer, technician or researcher. Progression may be subsequently possible into more senior positions as managers, specialists and partners or associates. Many opportunities may be shortterm, contract, temporary or project-related so graduates should keep an open mind and have a flexible attitude when researching potential opportunities. Professional qualifications Chartership and professional membership is relevant to many graduates wishing to progress within the wider environmental sphere. Environmental science graduates in Northern Ireland are expected to progress towards chartered status (CEnv) once they have passed their undergraduate degree. This status is granted by the UK’s Society for the Environment. Successful chartership demonstrates your competence and professionalism to prospective employers and thus is the key to opening the door to many employment opportunities. Many graduates also apply for registration with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). This is the professional membership body for 16 | Environment 2013/2014 Professional development promoting best practice standards in environmental management, auditing and assessment for all industry sectors. It is a UK body with an international membership. IEMA is the Competent Body in the United Kingdom for the European Union's Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Apart from those with qualifications in environmental and environmental science-related disciplines, one of the biggest cohorts of graduates working in environmental and green career sectors are engineers. Achieving chartership is crucial in making you attractive to the widest number of employers. To begin the journey towards becoming chartered you need to secure employment with an organisation that runs a graduate programme accredited either by the Institution of Engineering and Technology or Engineers Ireland. Within the Republic of Ireland the requirements for chartered status are being raised. Until 2013 graduates with an undergraduate degree will be considered, but from that year onwards graduates will have to have secured a masters’ degree in order to apply. Alongside this, candidates working towards the achievement of chartered status are required to complete a four year working/training period, essays, a practice report and specific training courses and covering a specific range of topics. The path to accreditation as a chartered engineer in Northern Ireland is similar. You must firstly gain a job with an organisation that runs an Initial Professional Development Scheme accredited by the Institution of Engineering and Technology. When you and all parties connected to your participation in the scheme are satisfied with your level of competence you can apply for registration. Many other institutes also offer chartership and/or professional registration. These include: Institution of Water and Environmental Management, Chartered Institute of Wastes Management, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Energy Institute and the Institute of Environmental Sciences. All such organisations offer graduate entry memberships which are cheap and provide a great route to networking with industry professionals. Environment 2013/2014 | 17 Further study Postgraduate Study How postgraduate study can further your career Depending on the size and business of the organisation you are applying to and the job you are applying for an undergraduate degree may be sufficient to secure a graduate position. That said, most organisations, and the larger ones in particular, will expect you to have a postgraduate masters degree, postgraduate diploma or higher. An advanced qualification will help to develop skills specific to the employment sector you are targeting and will give you the edge over other candidates who do not have one. This is a very competitive field and relevant experience is essential. Entry requirements will vary according to the course you choose. The more competitive courses will require an honours degree award of a minimum of 2:1 or higher. Where some courses will require a degree in a specific area, known as a 'cognate' discipline – others may require competence in a particular subject. Conversion courses are generally open to graduates from any discipline. For graduates in the Republic hoping to undertake a postgraduate programme in environmental, sustainability, energy or other ‘green’ related specialisms, UCD leads the field in terms of the number of options on offer. It was the first institution on the island of Ireland to develop a Masters in Environmental Policy. TCD also offers a considerable suite of environmental study options. In the North of Ireland QUB has made its mark in the provision of sustainability and wider environmental programmes with its campus-based international research centre. In terms of postgraduate study in the energy sector, particularly as related to the built environment and renewables, DIT provides a wide selection of programmes as does NUIM. Institutions across the thirty-two counties cater well for the many skills areas required by industry. In terms of programmes with a specific environmental or ‘green’ focus, the range of options is vast and includes: policy, protection, conservation, engineering (environmental/structural and geotechnical/civil/transport), science, analytical chemistry, 18 | Environment 2013/2014 bioresource technology, modelling, planning, law, geography and paleocology, economics, development, health and safety, resource management and decision-making. The range of strands of study specific to sustainability is equally rich and includes: development, development and globalisation, management, drylands policy and climate change adaptation, rural development, design, agriculture, corporate social responsibility, aquaculture and inshore fisheries. Graduates interested in developing their knowledge and skills for careers in energy can choose from programmes targeting that sector which include: renewable energy systems, sustainable energy and green technologies, systems engineering, management, electrical energy systems and a range of engineering options in renewable energy. Many private and public sector organisations such as the North/South body Universities Ireland offer sector specific scholarships. In 2012 they joined with ESB, Ireland’s main electric utility company, to offer three scholarships in the area of energy and engineering. Further study Pure research options A side from all the taught options, multiple research programmes abound with many institutions acting as headquarters to organisations responsible for R&D. UCD for example is home to the Earth Institute of Ireland whilst IT Sligo houses the Centre for Sustainability. In 2012 DIT established a rooftop meteorological observation site in the heart of Dublin city to facilitate research into urban climatology. Within Northern Ireland the Questor Research Centre at QUB provides application focused environmental research to generate knowledge and technologies for the future needs of industry. Conversion programmes Conversion courses open doors for graduates from all disciplines to study an environment related subject. Again, UCD provides some of the widest range of options including some in sustainable agriculture and rural development, environmental and resource management and bioresource technology. A significant number of courses are offered in energy in DIT, NUIM, CIT and UCC while DKIT lists conversion options with its Organic Resource Research Group and the Centre for Freshwater Studies. Consult www.postgradireland.com for the full ranges of programmes available throughout Ireland. Environment 2013/2014 | 19 Further information Further information Jobs and salary information Environment Analyst ......................................................www.environment-analyst.com Countryside Jobs Service (CJS) .............................................www.countryside-jobs.com Ecological Recruitment ................................................................................www.eco-uk.com ENDS Environmental Job Search ...........................................www.endsjobsearch.co.uk Environment Job recruitment website.............................www.environmentjob.co.uk Environment Jobs website ..................................................www.environmentjobs.co.uk Environmental Careers ............................................www.environmentalcareers.org.uk Green jobs and sector information ......www.greenjobs.ie and www.greenjobs.com The Environment Post .........................................................www.environmentpost.co.uk Green Roles .............................................................................................www.greenroles.co.uk Greenjobs recruitment site .................................................www.greenjobsonline.co.uk Nature Jobs ..............................................................................www.nature.com/naturejobs New Scientist Jobs ....................................................................www.newscientistjobs.com Sector specific resources Association of Consulting Engineers of Ireland ............................................www.acei.ie British Ecological Society.............................................www.britishecologicalsociety.org Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers ...........www.cibseireland.org Chartered Institution of Wastes Management .................................www.ciwm.co.uk Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Mgmt .............www.ciwem.org Climate Change and Sustainability resource .............................www.emissionzero.ie Composting Association of Ireland (CRE) .........................................................www.cre.ie Department of Environmental, NI (and NIEA) .................................www.doeni.gov.uk Directory of businesses in all industries ..........................................www.kompass.com Ecological/Conservation Research and Training .......http://ert-conservation.co.uk Engineers Ireland .........................................................................................................www.iei.ie Environment Council UK.................................www.the-environment-council.org.uk/ Environmental Data Interactive Exchange – mainly UK .......................www.edie.net Environmental Data Services Careers Report & Directory ............www.endsreport.co.uk and www.endsdirectory.co.uk Environmental News ..........................................www.enviro-solutions.com/news.htm Environmental Protection Agency – Ireland ...................................................www.epa.ie Environmental Sciences Association of Ireland ...............................www.esaiweb.org Environmental Services UK ............................................................................www.esauk.org Green Directory Ireland ................................................................................www.greenifsc.ie Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management .......................www.ieem.net Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment ..................www.iema.net Institute of Geologists of Ireland ..........................................................................www.igi.ie Institution of Chemical Engineers ...........................................................www.icheme.org International Association of Hydrogeologists (Irish Group) .www.iah-ireland.org 20 | Environment 2013/2014 Further information Sector specific resources (continued) Irish archive of media-sourced environmental articles ...www.friendsoftheirishenvironment.net/paperstoday Irish BioEnergy Association .............................................................................www.irbea.org Irish Department of Environment/Local Government.......................www.environ.ie Irish Environmental Law Association.................................................................www.iela.ie Irish Environmental Organisation Network .....................................................www.ien.ie Irish Mining and Quarrying Society ................................................................www.imqs.ie Irish Planning Institute.......................................................www.irishplanninginstitute.ie Irish Wind Energy Association ......................................................................www.iwea.com Marine Conservation Society – UK.............................................................www.mcsuk.org Marine Institute - Ireland ..................................................................www.marine.ie/home Marine Renewables Industry Association – Ireland...................................www.mria.ie National Parks and Wildlife Service – Ireland .............................................www.npws.ie National Trust – UK......................................................................www.nationaltrust.org.uk Northern Ireland Environment Link (NIEL) ...................www.nienvironmentlink.org NI Coastal and Marine forum ...............................................www.coastalmarineni.com NI Executive energy web-pages ..........www.detini.gov.uk/deti-energy-index.htm Northern Ireland charity promoting sustainability..............www.sustainableni.org Northern Ireland conservation volunteers ..................................................www.cvni.org Society for the Environment – UK .......................................................www.socenv.org.uk Sustainability Change Agents – UK .................................................changeagents.org.uk Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland..........................................................www.seai.ie Sustainable Northern Ireland........................................................www.sustainableni.org Teagasc – Agriculture and Food Development – Ireland...................www.teagasc.ie Transition Towns ................................................www.transitiontownsireland.ning.com Wildlife Trust – Northern Ireland........................................www.ulsterwildlifetrust.org Wildlife Trust – Ireland..............................................................................................www.iwt.ie Working Group on Applied Agricultural Meteorology ............................................www.met.ie/agmet/agmet.asp Environment 2013/2014 | 21