Floppy Disk User's Guide for
O.Montenbruck, T.Pfleger
ASTRONOMY ON THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
(2nd edition 1994)
(Turbo Pascal 6.0, Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0, Pure Pascal 1.0)
The present floppy disk contains the source codes of the programs
described
in "Astronomy on the Personal Computer". For generating executable
programs
a Pascal compiler is required. All programs can directly be compiled
with
Turbo Pascal 6.0 on IBM compatible PCs or Pure Pascal on Atari ST
computers.
1. Contents:
____________
Documentation
( A:\ )
File
Description
AAREADME.DOC
Table of contents and installation guide
Main Programs
File
COCO.PAS
COMET.PAS
CONTROL.PAS
(*)
ECLIPSE.PAS
ECLTIMER.PAS
FOTO.PAS
LUNA.PAS
NEWMOON.PAS
NUMINT.PAS
OCCULT.PAS
ORBDET.PAS
PHYS.PAS
PLANPOS.PAS
PLANRISE.PAS
SUNSET.PAS
(*) Note:
( A:\ )
Description
Coordinate transformations
Cometary orbits
Verification of orbit determination results from ORBDET
Solar eclipses
Local circumstances of solar eclipses
Astrometric analysis of fotografic plates
Lunar ephemeris
Dates of New Moon
Numerical integration of minor planet orbits
Stellar occultations
Orbit determination
Physical ephemerides
Planetary positions
Rising and setting times of the planets
Rising and setting times of sun and moon
The CONTROL program is not described in the book. It is essentially
based
on the COMET program which is explained in Chap.4 in detail. CONTROL
reads orbital elements from a file ORBOUT.DAT created during an orbit
determination with ORBDET and calculates positions for the dates given
in ORBINP.DAT. Using CONTROL the correct working of ORBDET can easily
be verified.
Input Data
( A:\ )
File
Description
COMINP.DAT
FOTINP.DAT
NUMINP.DAT
OCCINP.DAT
ORBINP.DAT
Orbital elements of comet Halley for use with COMET
Stellar positions for use with FOTO
Orbital elements of Ceres for use with NUMINT
Coordinates of the Pleiades for use with OCCULT
Ceres positions for orbit determination with ORBDET
Units Definition Files
File
DELIB.PAS
KEPLIB.PAS
MATLIB.PAS
MOOLIB.PAS
P15LIB.PAS
Jupiter)
P69LIB.PAS
Pluto)
PHYLIB.PAS
PLALIB.PAS
positions
PNULIB.PAS
nutation
SPHLIB.PAS
SUNLIB.PAS
TIMLIB.PAS
( A:\UNITS )
Description
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
with
with
with
with
with
sub-routines
sub-routines
mathematical
sub-routines
sub-routines
for numerical integration
for calculating Keplerian orbits
sub-routines
for calculating the lunar orbit
for planetary orbits (Mercury-
Unit with sub-routines for planetary orbits (SaturnUnit with sub-routines for physical ephemerides
Unit with sub-routines for computing planetary
Unit with sub-routines for calculating precession and
Unit with spherical astronomy sub-routines
Unit with sub-routines for calculating the solar orbit
Unit with time and calendar sub-routines
Sub-routines for numerical integration
( A:\DE )
File
Description
DE.PAS
INTRP.PAS
STEP.PAS
EPSMACH.PAS
Driver for the DE multistep method
Interpolation of the solution
Computation of a single integration step
Computation of the machine accuracy
Sub-routines for Calculating Keplerian Orbits
( A:\KEPLER )
File
Description
ECCANOM.PAS
ELEMENT.PAS
ELLIP.PAS
FINDETA.PAS
HYPANOM.PAS
HYPERB.PAS
KEPLER.PAS
Mean -> excentric anomaly (ellipse)
Orbital elements from two position vectors
Position and velocity in an elliptical orbit
Sector-triangle ratio
Mean -> eccentric anomaly (hyperbola)
Position and velocity in a hyperbolic orbit
Position and velocity
(two-body problem for all forms of orbit)
Position and velocity in a parabolic orbit
Stumpff functions
Orbital elements from position and velocity
PARAB.PAS
STUMPFF.PAS
XYZKEP.PAS
Mathematical Sub-routines
( A:\MATH )
File
Description
ACS.PAS
ASN.PAS
ATN.PAS
ATN2.PAS
CART.PAS
CROSS.PAS
CS.PAS
CUBR.PAS
DDD.PAS
DMS.PAS
DOT.PAS
LSQFIT.PAS
NORM.PAS
POLAR.PAS
QUAD.PAS
SN.PAS
TEVAL.PAS
TFITLBR.PAS
TN.PAS
Arccos (in degrees)
Arcsin (in degrees)
Arctan (in degrees)
Arctan (in degrees, correct quadrant)
Cartesian coordinates from polar coordinates
Cross-product of two vectors
Cos (in degrees)
Cube root
Decimal degrees from minutes and seconds
Minutes and seconds from decimal degrees
Dot product of two vectors
Calculating best fit (least-squares method)
Length of a vector
Polar coordinates from Cartesian coordinates
Quadratic interpolation from three points
Sin (in degrees)
Evaluation of a Chebyshev polynomial
Approximation by Chebyshev polynomials
Tan (in degrees))
Lunar Orbit
( A:\MOON )
File
MINIMOON.PAS
MOON.PAS
MOONEQU.PAS
TFITMOON.PAS
polynomials
Description
Reduced-accuracy lunar coordinates
More accurate lunar ecliptic coordinates
More accurate lunar equatorial coordinates
Approximation of lunar coordinates by Chebyshev
Physical ephemerides
File
( A:\PHYS )
Description
BRIGHT.PAS
ILLUM.PAS
ORIENT.PAS
POSANG.PAS
ROTATION.PAS
SHAPE.PAS
Apparent brightness
Conditions of illumination
Rotational elements of the planets
Position angle
Rotational parameters
Form and size of the planets
Planetary Positions
File
GEOCEN.PAS
JUP200.PAS
MAR200.PAS
MER200.PAS
NEP200.PAS
PLU200.PAS
SAT200.PAS
URA200.PAS
VEN200.PAS
POSITION.PAS
orbits)
( A:\PLANETS )
Description
Geocentric coordinates
Heliocentric Jupiter coordinates
Heliocentric Mars coordinates
Heliocentric Mercury coordinates
Heliocentric Neptune coordinates
Heliocentric Pluto coordinates
Heliocentric Saturn coordinates
Heliocentric Uranus coordinates
Heliocentric Venus coordinates
Heliocentric coordinates of the planets (Keplerian
Precession and Nutation
( A:\PRECNUT )
File
Description
NUTEQU.PAS
PMATECL.PAS
PMATEQU.PAS
PNMATRIX.PAS
PRECART.PAS
Nutation in equatorial coordinates
Precession matrix (ecliptic coordinates)
Precession matrix (equatorial coordinates)
Matrix for precession and nutation (equatorial)
Precession in Cartesian coordinates
Spherical Astronomy
File
ABERRAT.PAS
APPARENT.PAS
ECLEQU.PAS
EQUECL.PAS
EQUHOR.PAS
EQUSTD.PAS
GAUSVEC.PAS
HOREQU.PAS
ORBECL.PAS
orbit
SITE.PAS
STDEQU.PAS
( A:\SPHERIC )
Description
Stellar aberration
Apparent coordinates
Transformation ecliptic -> equatorial
Transformation equatorial -> ecliptic
Transformation equatorial -> horizontal
Standard coordinates from equatorial coordinates
Gaussian vectors
Transformation horizontal -> equatorial
Ecliptic coordinates of a point in the plane of the
Coordinates of a point on the surface of the Earth
Equatorial coordinates from standard coordinates
Solar Orbit
( A:\SUN )
File
Description
MINISUN.PAS
SUN200.PAS
SUNEQU.PAS
TFITSUN.PAS
polynomials
Time and Calendar
Reduced-accuracy solar coordinates
Ecliptic solar coordinates
Equatorial solar coordinates
Approximation of solar coordinates by Chebyshev
( A:\TIME )
File
Description
CALDAT.PAS
ETMINUT.PAS
LMST.PAS
MJD.PAS
Calender date
Approximation of difference ET-UT
Local mean sidereal time
Modified Julian Date
Diverse
( A:\DIVERSE )
File
Description
TFITMOON.PAS
Approximation of lunar coordinates by Chebyshev
polynomials (without use of T_FIT_LBR)
A proximation of solar coordinates by Chebyshev
polynomials (without use of T_FIT_LBR)
TFITSUN.PAS
2. Notes for compiling and running the programs
_______________________________________________
Instead of executable programs the "Astronomy on the PC"-floppy disk
contains
source texts, only, to allow the user to adapt all programs to his
personal
needs. A Pascal compiler is therefore required to run the program. All
programs can directly be compiled with Turbo Pascal 6.0 on IBM
compatible PCs
and Pure Pascal on Atari ST/TT computers. The same holds for Turbo
Pascal for
Windows 1.0, except for the fact that the unit WINCRT has to be added to
the
list of required units in each program. When using other compilers small
changes may be required, which are described in the book in more detail.
All steps required for compiling the programs with the most common
compilers
are described in the subsequent sections. There it is assumed, that a
hard
disk with a minimum of 1.5 MB is available to hold all source codes and
executable programs. The names for floppy disk drive and hard disk drive
are taken as A: and C:, respectively. In case of problems refer to the
instruction manuals of the hard- and software manufacturer.
2.1 Turbo Pascal 6.0
For compilation and testing of the programs use the following DOS
commands to
copy all files from the floppy disk to an arbitrary working directory on
the
hard disk (e.g. C:\APC):
MD C:\APC
CD C:\APC
XCOPY/S A:\*.*
In doing so, the directory structure described above is maintained.
Under
the WINDOWS system the files may conveniently be copied using the file
manager.
After starting the Turbo Pascal Compiler (usually with the command
TURBO)
it should first be assured that the compiled programs are stored as
permanent
files and not in memory. To this end the option "Disk" must be selected
under
item "Destination" in "Compile" menue. The default stack size of 16kB is
sufficient for all programs.
In the "Directories" item of the "Options" menue, the working directory
(C:\APC) has to be specified as Include Directory, to ensure that the
subroutines in the lower directories can be accessed during compilation
of
the unit files. Furthermore, C:\APC\UNITS must be entered as Units
Directory.
Unless a special EXE- and TPU Directory has been specified the
executable
programs will also be stored in the C:\APC directory.
Activating the menue item "File/Open" or pressing the function key <F3>,
each
main program can now be loaded into the editor and subsequently be
compiled
by "Compile/Make" (<F9>). If the required TPU files are not yet
available,
the corresponding unit files are automatically compiled.
Thereafter the programs may be started inside the Integrated Development
Environment by using item "Run/Run" (<Strg>-<F9>) or from the DOS
command
level by entering the program name.
2.2 Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0
For use with Turbo Pascal for Windows execute the following DOS commands
to
copy all files from the floppy disk to an arbitrary working directory on
the
hard disk (e.g. C:\APC):
MD C:\APC
CD C:\APC
XCOPY/S A:\*.*
In doing so, the directory structure described above is maintained.
Under
the WINDOWS system the files may conveniently be copied using the file
manager.
In order to permanently store the compiled programs, the option "Disk"
is selected in the "Options/Linker..." menue. The working directory
(C:\APC) and the units directory (C:\APC\UNITS) are specified as include
file path and units directory, respectively, in the in "Options/Linker"
menue. A stack size of 16kB is sufficient for all programs.
After choosing a main program from the "Files/Open" menue, the Windows
unit
WINCRT must be added to the list of required units after the USES
command.
Subsequently the program and the accessed units may be compiled by
"Compile/Make" (<F9>) and executed by "Run/Run" (<Strg>-<F9>) or using
the
Windows file manager.
2.3 Pure Pascal 1.0 for Atari ST/TT
For use of the programs with Pure Pascal all files on the floppy disk
have
to be copied to a working directory (f.e. C:\APC) on the hard disk. The
directory structure described above has to be maintained. This can
conveniently be achieved using the desktop.
Using the "Options/Directories" menu item of the Pure Pascal desktop the
paths for source files and units and furthermore the output paths for
compiled units and executable programs have to be specified. Entries in
the corresponding dialog form are
- Input directories
Source files: C:\APC;C:\APC\UNITS
Units
: C:\APC\UNITS
- Output directories
Units
: C:\APC\UNITS
Programs
: C:\APC
Optionally a directory for executable files like C:\APC\EXE can be
created
and specified under "Output directories/Programs". This provides
separate
storage of source and executable files if desired so.
In the "Options/Compiler" dialog the following entries are necessary:
- Default program extension: *.TOS
- Stack size: 16384
- Activate the options "Write programs to disk" and "Write units to
disk"
for permanent storage of compiled units and executable programs.
No further special compiler options are necessary. The $N option should
only
be used for programs to operate exclusively on an Atari TT. An activated
$N option will cause malfunction when operating on a 68000-CPU based
Atari
like the ST.
After selecting a main program source file with "File/Open" or double
clicking the file in the files window, the program with it's associated
units can be compiled with "Compile/Make" (<Alternate><M>) and executed
with "Run/Run" (<Alternate><R>).
During the compilation of some programs Pure Pascal generates warning
messages which have no influence on correct program execution. The
warnings (which would not be generated by Turbo Pascal) may be
neglected.
On machines with only 1MB of RAM storage, the PLANPOS program cannot be
compiled from within the Pure Pascal developing environment as described
above. For compiling PLANPOS, proceed as follows:
- Boot the computer without accessories or memory resident programs.
- PLANPOS uses the units MATLIB, PNULIB, SPHLIB, SUNLIB, P15LIB, P69LIB
and TIMLIB, which have to be compiled separately. Open the appropriate
files with "File/Open" or by double clicking in the file window and
compile subsequently with "Compile/Compile" (<Alternate><C>).
- Copy the main file PLANPOS.PAS to the Pure Pascal main directory (the
default name is C:\PPASCAL).
- Now start the command line version of the Pure Pascal compiler
(PPC.TTP)
by double clicking from the Atari desktop.
- In the form appearing, enter the following command line:
planpos -I\apc;\apc\units -U\apc\units
With a command line interpreter available, a longer command line
including
the full source file path can be entered:
c:\apc\planpos -I\apc;\apc\units -U\apc\units
Doing this, it's not necessary to copy PLANPOS.PAS to Pure Pascal's
main
directory.
The generated program PLANPOS.PRG has to be renamed to PLANPOS.TOS.
This
can be done using the desktop's "File/Info..." item.
3. Input Data
_____________
For reasons of copyright it is not possible for us to provide a larger
set of orbital elements of comets and minor planets for use with the
COMET program. The same is true for a catalogue of stars close to the
ecliptic which would be required for the prediction of stellar
occultations
by the OCCULT program.
We must, therefore, ask you to enter these data manually or to obtain
them
from public domain software and data collections. Please refer to your
astronomy and/or computer magazine for further references.