Name ____________
(Place name on answer sheet)
Animal Science 321x
Exam 1
February 21, 2007
A.
Multiple choice. Darken the circle of the letter for the most correct answer (2
points each).
1.
A concentrated animal feeding operation may legally discharge manure into a
surface water source if _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.
All records related to nutrient management on a CAFO must be kept for
_____?_____ year(s).
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3.
1
5
10
25
100
The state of Iowa regulates the concentration of _____?_____ that can be present
in the air around houses adjacent to livestock operations.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4.
it doesn’t have a NPDES permit and there is no precipitation.
it doesn’t have a NPDES permit and there is a 25-year, 24-hour storm.
it has a NPDES permit and there is no precipitation.
it has a NPDES permit and there is a 25-year, 24-hour storm.
all of the above.
CO2
CH4
H2S
NO2
All of the above
Plants that can not fix nitrogen like grasses _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
can not utilize N that is fixed by bacteria on the roots of legumes.
directly utilize the NH3 that is fixed by bacteria on the roots of legumes.
utilize NH3 fixed by legume plants after the plant converts it to nitrate.
utilize NH3 fixed by legume plants after it is released by mineralization of
NH3 bound to organic matter produced from dead legume plants.
none of the above.
1
5.
In nitrification, _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
6.
Concentrations of nitrate in water resources in Iowa increase in the spring because
_____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
7.
c)
d)
a moist clay soil in a pasture that is grazed at a high stocking rate.
a moist clay soil in a field that was chisel-plowed before row crop
production.
a dry sandy soil in a pasture that is grazed at a high stocking rate.
a dry sandy soil in a field that was chisel-plowed before row crop
production.
Acid rain, produced when _____?_____ is dissolved in raindrops, will cause
damage to lungs, trees, and buildings.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
9.
high concentrations of N in fertilizer and manure are applied in the fall.
nitrification of NH3 in soil increases with increasing temperatures in the
spring.
there is little plant growth to take up nitrate from the soil.
there is a high moisture content in the soil.
all of the above.
If they contain equal concentrations of N, denitrification of nitrate into NOx gases
and N2 is greatest in a _____?_____.
a)
b)
8.
N2 gas is converted to ammonia.
ammonia is converted into organic nitrogen.
ammonia is converted into nitrate.
nitrate is converted into N2 gas.
none of the above.
CN
N2
NH3
NO2none of the above
Increased concentrations of N2O in the atmosphere may contribute to increased
levels of skin cancer in humans by _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
causing destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
causing production of ground level ozone.
production of acid rain.
reflecting infrared radiation back to the earth.
none of the above.
2
10.
According to Gene Tinker with the Iowa DNR, most manure management plans
in Iowa are based on the crop’s needs for _____?____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
11.
Most proteins contain _____?_____ % nitrogen.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
12.
Ammonia
Biuret
Chains of amino acids
Urea
All of the above
_____?_____ is an enzyme secreted as a proenzyme by the pancreas that
hydrolyzes protein and peptides to amino acids and short peptides.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
14.
2.25
6.25
12
16
45
_____?_____ could be used to meet the crude protein requirements of a 150 lb
finishing pig.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
13.
nitrogen
organic matter
phosphorus
potassium
none of the above
Amylase
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin
Trypsin
None of the above
Moderate heat treatment of a protein source like soybean meal will increase the
efficiency of nitrogen use by cattle by _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
improving the amino acid composition of the protein escaping ruminal
degradation.
increasing the degradation of protein to ammonia in the rumen.
increasing the incorporation of ammonia into microbial protein in the
rumen.
reducing the degradability of the protein in the rumen.
all of the above
3
15.
When feeding a nonprotein nitrogen source like urea, it is essential to feed an
energy source like corn to _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
16.
Essential amino acids are amino acids that _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
17.
Glutamic acid
Lysine
Methionine
Tryptophan
None of the above
Most of the nitrogen released by deamination of excess amino acids in the cells of
mammals is excreted as _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
19.
are required in the diets of nonruminant animals.
are not required in the diets of ruminant animals.
are not synthesized in adequate quantities in animal cells.
are most efficiently utilized if their amounts are proportional to the
animal’s requirements for them each of them.
all of the above.
Which of the following is not an amino acid that is essential in the diet of a pig?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
18.
improve the amino acid balance of the metabolizable protein entering the
small intestine.
increase the absorption of ammonia from the rumen into the blood stream.
stimulate microbial degradation in the rumen.
supply energy and carbon skeleton needed for microbial protein synthesis.
none of the above.
ammonia.
amines.
bacterial protein.
urea.
none of the above.
A feedstuff with a high quality protein will have _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
all amino acids present in quantities that are in excess of their
requirements.
the essential amino acids present in quantities that are proportional to the
animal’s requirements.
a high crude protein concentration.
a high protein digestibility.
all of the above.
4
20.
The ruminant protein requirement is a requirement _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
21.
With proper amino acid balance, lowering the crude protein concentration of a
growing pig’s diet will _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
22.
not reduce body weight gains of the pig.
reduce feed costs.
reduce the total amount of nitrogen excreted by the pig.
reduce the percentage of manure nitrogen in the form of urea.
all of the above.
Adding individual amino acids to poultry diets allows _____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
23.
for essential amino acids in their diet
for the sum of amino acids entering the small intestine from microbial
protein synthesis and dietary protein escaping ruminal degradation.
for degradable nitrogen.
for protein escaping degradation in the rumen.
none of the above.
the crude protein concentration of the diet to increase to exceed amino
acid requirements.
the crude protein concentration of the diet to decrease while meeting
amino acid requirements.
the amount of nitrogen excreted by the birds to increase.
the costs of their diets to significantly decrease at current amino acid
prices.
none of the above.
Feeding ractopamine to pigs during finishing will reduce N excretion by
_____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
increasing incorporation of amino acids into muscle.
increasing protein digestibility.
reducing feed intake.
reducing the crude protein concentration of the diet.
none of the above.
5
24.
By feeding a feedstuff which has a protein that is less degradable in the rumen, a
beef feedlot manager can _____?_____ and still maintain the body weights of his
light weight cattle.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
25.
Supplementing alfalfa silage with corn in a diet for a growing steer will increase
_____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
26.
27.
increase the amount of microbial protein synthesized in the rumen of his
cattle
increase the feed intake of his cattle
reduce the energy concentration of the diets for his cattle
reduce the crude protein concentration of the diets for his cattle
none of the above
the crude protein concentration of the diet.
incorporation of ammonia into microbial protein in the rumen.
the degradability of protein in the rumen.
nitrogen excretion.
all of the above.
Amino acids that are treated to protect them from ruminal degradation may be
economically used to maintain production while decreasing nitrogen excretion in
_____?_____.
a)
dry dairy cows.
b)
lactating beef cows.
c)
lactating dairy cows.
d)
1000 lb steers in a finishing program.
e)
all of the above.
An implant containing the testosterone-like compound, trenbolone acetate, and
the estradiol derivative, estradiol, would increase protein synthesis in cattle by
_____?______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
increasing amino acid transport into the muscle cells.
increasing DNA synthesis.
reducing degradation of muscle protein.
all of the above.
none of the above.
6
28.
Rank the following forms of manure-nitrogen for stability against volatilization
from greatest to least stable.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
29.
Adding phosphoric acid to a swine diet will decrease ammonia losses from
manure during storage by decreasing ______?______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
30.
the amount of nitrogen excreted by the pigs.
the conversion of undigested feed protein to NH4+.
the conversion of urea to NH4+.
the conversion of NH4+ to NH3.
none of the above.
Supplying bedding material like straw will reduce NH3 losses from manure by
_____?_____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
31.
NH3, NH4+, urea, microbial-N, undigested feed protein
NH4+, NH3, undigested feed protein, urea, microbial-N
Undigested feed protein, microbial-N, Urea, NH4+, NH3
Undigested feed protein, microbial-N, NH3, NH4+, Urea
Urea, microbial-N, undigested feed protein, NH4+, NH3
increasing the pH of the manure.
increasing the moisture level of the manure.
providing carbon for microbial growth.
reducing the conversion of urea to ammonia.
none of the above.
In order to properly compost, the temperature of manure must be maintained at
140oF by ______?______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
frequent mixing.
grinding the bedding to a particle of ¼ inch.
increasing the moisture concentration.
reducing the amount of bedding.
all of the above.
B.
True or false. Mark ‘A’ for true and ‘B’ for false (2 points each).
32.
A cattle feeding operation with less than 500 head of feedlot cattle can not be a
concentrated feeding operation.
33.
As nitrate leaches into the ground water with infiltrating precipitation, calcium,
magnesium and potassium are lost from the top soil.
34.
Ammonia is more toxic to fish in cold water than in warm water.
7
35.
According to Gene Tinker with the Iowa DNR, manure management plans are
required for confinement livestock operations with 500 animal units that were
build after 1985.
36.
In one amino acid is deficient during synthesis of a specific protein, synthesis of
the protein will proceed with another amino acid substituting for the deficient
amino acid.
37.
Increasing the number of properly balanced diets used in a finishing program for
pigs will reduce the amounts of nitrogen excreted by the pigs.
38.
Feedlot steers weighing 1000 lb fed a corn-based diet require no supplemental
protein.
39.
Ammonia concentrations inside livestock confinement buildings are greater in the
summer than during the winter.
40.
Anerobic lagoon have the lowest ammonia losses if manure is added rapidly at
infrequent intervals.
41.
Nonpoint source pollution is controlled by best management practices like
vegetative buffers.
C.
Short Essay (6 points each)
1.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, livestock facilities are a
major contributor to the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. What is the hypoxic
zone? How do livestock facilities contribute to the hypoxic zone?
8
2.
Because of concerns with ammonia emissions from his confinement feeding
system for growing-finishing pigs, a producer is looking for ways to reduce
nitrogen excretion from his pigs. Identify 2 approaches a swine producer could
modify a feed program to reduce nitrogen excretion by his pigs and explain in
detail how these modifications would reduce N excretion.
3.
In order to reduce N loss from his cattle’s manure, a consultant recommended that
a local dairy producer installed a mechanical separator to separate the solid and
liquid fractions in manure. How would this separator reduce N losses?
9