Grammar Lesson 1: Redundancy, Connotation/Word Choice, and Commas
Rule 1: Don’t be redundant and repetitive in your writing. See what I did there?
Rule 2: Use words that are precise instead of general. Consider their connotation, as well.
Rule 3: Independent Clause, +FANBOYS+ Independent Clause. If they are not BOTH independent, don’t
use a comma.
Rule 4: Prepositional Phrase, Independent Clause. Introductory Element, Independent Clause.
Applying the Rules
Rule 1: Revise each of the following sentences by eliminating the redundant words or phrases.
1. Our senses link us to the external world outside our bodies.
2. Messages received by our eyes travel instantaneously to our brain at lightning-fast speed.
3. Most primates see in color, not in black and white.
4. Jonathon scowled angrily when Stephanie insulted him.
5. The strange feeling was very peculiar.
6. We packed the necessary things we needed for our trip.
7. The student received a medal for his brave heroism.
8. She set her alarm for 3:00 a.m. in the morning so she could watch the meteor shower.
Rule 2: In each sentence below, circle the word or words that are too general.
9. There are many things people can do to reduce their contribution to global warming.
10. Many kids today rely on technology in their daily lives.
11. It seems as if advertisers often appeal to emotions.
12. Due to the fact that it was legal holiday, schools were closed last Monday.
Rule 3: In each sentence below, add or delete commas as necessary.
13. Amy followed the recipe carefully for she had never made quiche before.
14. Be sure to bring exact change for the bus fare.
15. The movie was popular with audiences but critics gave it terrible reviews.
16. The author uses an animal motif and the symbolism of the dog to develop the theme.
17. You’ll be writing many addresses in your life so learn to use commas now and you won’t have many
problems later.
Rule 4: In each sentence below, add or delete commas as necessary.
18. In the first round, of the golf tournament I played against one of the best golfers in the state.
19. During class please refrain from using your phone.
20. Until the spring students will be permitted to wear hats into the building.
21. Inside the building, was warm and comfortable.