How to do it…
 Step One: The Octet (8) rule…Atoms will gain or lose electrons to have a total of 8 electrons in their outer shell.

Complete Outer Shell
 Once the atom gains or loses electrons it is stable because it has a complete outer shell.
 Which group of elements is stable (non-reactive)?

Noble Gases
 Atoms will gain or lose electrons to become like the nearest noble gas.

Making Ions
 Remember an electron has a negative charge
 If and an atom gains electrons it becomes negative by the amount of electrons it gains
 Gain 1 electron and become -1

Making Ions
 Remember an electron has a negative charge
 If an atom loses electrons it becomes positive by the amount of electrons it loses
 Lose 1 electron and become +1

Exceptions to the Octet
 The elements that are close to the noble gas Helium need to get 2 electrons in the outer shell, not 8.
 Example: Lithium

Practice Game Round…
 Make the ion for Lithium…
 How many electrons in the outer shell?
 Nearest Noble gas?
 Will it gain or lose electrons and how many?

Answer
 Li + or Li +1

1
 What is the ion for Oxygen?

 O-2

2
 What is the ion for Sodium?

 Na +

3
 What is the ion for Flourine?

 F-

4
 What is the ion for Magnesium?

 Mg +2

5
 What is the ion for Nitrogen?

 N-3

6
 What is the ion for H?

 H+

7
 What is the ion for Argon?

 Does not make an ion

8
 What is the ion for Sulfur?

 S-2

9
 What is the ion for Phosphorus?

 P-3

10
 What is the ion for Neon?

 Does not make an ion

11
 Do groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table become positive or negative ions?

 Positive

12
 Does group 8 of the periodic table become a positive or negative ion?

 No ion, noble gases

13
 Do groups 6 and 7 lose or gain electrons when they become ions?

 gain

14
 How does group number relate to electrons in the outer shell?

 The same

15
 What is the octet rule?
 A) Each atom wants to get 8 protons in the outer shell
 B) Each atom wants to be like the closest noble gas
 C) Each atom wants to become unstable
 D) Each atom wants equal numbers of protons and electrons

 B

16
 Give the name of an element that can give the right number of electrons to Chlorine.
 Hint: How many electrons does chlorine want?

 Any Group 1 element

17
 Give the name of an element that can give Oxygen the right number of electrons.
 Hint: How many electrons does Oxygen want?

 Any group number 2

18
 Name an element that can take the right number of electrons from Beryllium

 Any group number 6 element

19
 Name an element that can take the right number of electrons from Sodium

 Any group number 7 element

20
 What type of bonding occurs when one atom takes electrons from another?

 Ionic

21
 What type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons?

 Covalent

22
 Name an atom that will form and ionic bond with
Lithium

 Any group 7 element

23
 Why don’t noble gases form ionic bonds?

 Complete outer shell

24
 Name an element that will form an ionic bond with
Oxygen

 Any group 2 element

25
 Name an element that would require 2 atoms to form an ionic bond with Sulfur

 Any group 1 element