Managing a Hardwood forest for wildlife
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The following are approximate percentages in order to achieve a high biodiversity in a hardwood (deciduous forest)
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Increased biodiversity =
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The highest diversity is obtained by creating various succession stages which will also create _________
_____________ should have grassy opening. This benefits groundhogs, bluebird, deer, etc. Insects provide for many woodland birds ex :
At least _____ of the forest should be young trees and shrubs to produce ________ (food plants in the shrub and floor layers) for grazing and browsing animals like deer and grouse. Also provides cover.
At least ______ of the trees should be mature and supply _______ (seeds, nuts, acorns, berries) for a wide variety of wildlife. ex. Oaks and cherries – squirrels, deer, turkey, seed eating birds.
__________ of the trees in a forest should be old growth (over-mature) for snags – 80 species of birds need snags to nest - woodpeckers. Some animals require snags for den trees – raccoons.
Considerations :
1.
Avoid excessive _______________ to prevent fragmentation in forests containing species that require large forest habitats. Use wildlife _____________.
2.
Avoid creating _____________________(ecosystem with a single species) – limits biodiversity