States of Matter and Heat
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States of Matter and Heat DO NOW FRIDAY What are the four states of matter? Learning Targets 4.1 Compare physical and chemical properties of a variety of substances, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Agenda Go to my teacher website and click on “Gizmos Website” link. Login and complete Phases of Water Activity and worksheet. Turn in your worksheet when finished. If finished before end of class, continue to work on your Wildlife Conservation Writing Assignment Writing assignment is due MONDAY. DO NOW MONDAY Why do you think it is important to learn about the states of matter? Learning Targets 4.1 Compare physical and chemical properties of a variety of substances, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. 5.2 Discuss motion of particles in various states of matter. 5.3 Describe how particle motion is related to temperature. Solids Pattern: fixed arrangement, very close together Particle Movement and Energy: vibrate in one place, low energy, lower temperature, “baby” Shape: Fixed shape Volume: Fixed volume Examples: Snow, table, sugar Solids http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/ chapter1/lesson4 Liquids Pattern: no fixed arrangement but particles are a fixed distance from each other, further apart Particle Movement and Energy: particles slip and slide past each other, more energy than solid, higher temperature “child” Shape: no fixed shape, take the shape of their container Volume: Fixed volume Examples: Water, rubbing alcohol Liquids http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/ chapter1/lesson1 Gases Pattern: no fixed arrangement, very far apart Particle Movement and Energy: move about quickly in all directions, high energy, high temperature, “teenager” Shape: no fixed shape, take the shape of their container Volume: no fixed volume, expand to fill their container Examples: air, oxygen, steam, smoke Gases http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/ chapter1/lesson5 DO NOW TUESDAY Identify the state of matter in each picture and explain how you know. A B C Plasma Pattern: no fixed arrangement, very far apart, particles have lost all of their electrons, exists mostly in space Particle Movement and Energy: most movement, most energy Shape: no fixed shape Volume: no fixed volume Examples: lightning, flourescent lights, neon signs DO NOW WEDNESDAY 1. Which state of matter has particles with the most energy? What does this mean about the movement of its particles? 2. Which state of matter has particles that are packed the closest together? 3. Which state of matter has particles with the least amount of energy? What does this mean about the movement of its particles? 4. Which state of matter has particles that are spread the farthest apart? Learning Targets 4.2 Describe how matter changes states. 4.3 Explain the process of vaporization, evaporation, condensation, freezing, boiling, melting, and sublimation as a change of state. Phase Changes • Melting: solidliquid • Energy must be added because liquid particles have more energy than solid particles • Example: ice melting • VaporizationBoiling: liquidgas • Energy must be added because gas particles have more energy than liquid particles • Example: water boiling • VaporizationEvaporation: liquidgas • Energy must be added because gas particles have more energy than liquid particles • Example: rubbing alcohol evaporating Phase Changes • Condensing: gasliquid • Energy must be taken away because liquid particles have less energy than gas particles • Example: a cold coke can “sweating”, clouds • Freezing: liquidsolid • Energy must be taken away because solid particles have less energy than liquid particles • Example: water freezing into ice • Sublimation: solidgas and/or gassolid (no liquid phase) • Energy must be taken away because gas particles have less energy than solid particles • Example: dry ice “smoking”, iodine Sublimation of Iodine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft2KgtlP8Lk Phase Changes Label the phase changes or energy using the word list below: -melting -freezing -condensation -high energy -evaporation: boiling or evaporation -low energy 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. _________ ENERGY 8.________ENERGY Phase Changes 5. sublimation 2.Vaporization: Boiling or evaporation 1. melting 3. freezing 4. condensation 6. sublimation 7. LOW ENERGY 8. HIGH ENERGY DO NOW THURSDAY Tell what phase change is represented by each letter. Tell whether energy was added or taken away for each to occur. A B E C D Learning Targets 6.1 Discuss the direction of heat flow in objects. 6.2 Discuss the importance and the effect of conductors on thermal energy transfer 6.3 Discuss the importance and the effect of insulators on thermal energy transfer 6.4 Explain how heat is transferred by conduction. 6.5 Explain how heat is transferred by convection. 6.6 Explain how heat is transferred by radiation. 5.4 Describe how temperature is affected when substances mix/touch. 6.7 Determine at what temperature thermal equilibrium will occur when matter of different temperatures is exposed to each other. Conductors Any material that will let heat pass through it easily Examples: metals (copper, gold, silver, aluminum) This is why pots and pans are usually made of metal. Insulators Any material that does not let heat pass through it easily It resists the flow of heat. Examples: styrofoam, plastic, rubber, clothing Heat Transfer Heat always move from warmer areas to cooler areas Heat Transfer Heat moves from warmer to cooler areas by three different methods of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction Heat transfer that occurs when faster atoms collide with slower ones. Heat travels from one object to another that are in physical contact with each other. (The objects are touching.) Convection Heat transfer that occurs when a heated fluid (such as air or water) expands and rises, while cooler fluid contracts and falls. Results in circular currents (called convection currents) that transfer heat. Radiation Occurs when heat is transferred through the air in the form of waves (electromagnetic waves) Such as the sun shining on your face, heat from a light bulb, or heat blowing on you from a space heater or fire. Heat Transfer Heat will move from warmer areas to cooler areas until an equilibrium temperature is reached that is somewhere between the warm and cold temperature. If heat is moving from one material at a warmer temperature to the same material at a cooler temperature, the equilibrium temperature will be exactly in the middle of the two temperatures (which would be their average). Heat Transfer Example: 72°C WARMER HEAT 34°C COOLER Equilibrium Temperature: 53°C Heat Transfer Example: 20°C COOLER HEAT 50°C WARMER Equilibrium Temperature: 35°C DO NOW FRIDAY Tell what type of heat transfer is happening in each picture. Explain how you know. B A C Learning Targets Product target: Design and create an apparatus that demonstrates understanding of heat transfer (solar cooker, insulation device) DO NOW THURSDAY Quiz Expectations 1. QUIET 2. Do your best. (Eyes on own paper.) 3. Finished? (Turn your scantron over and write a note or draw a picture for Mrs. Dyer on the back.) Learning Targets Product target: Design and create an apparatus that demonstrates understanding of heat transfer (solar cooker, insulation device) DO NOW FRIDAY Go to kahoot.it on your electronic device. Wait for the game pin to login. Be sure to use a nickname with your name and/or initials in it. REMEMBER: I expect you to quietly and calmly play the game unless you’d rather write all of the questions and their answers out by hand rather than using your electronic device!! Learning Targets: 4.1 Compare physical and chemical properties of a variety of substances, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. 4.2 Describe how matter changes states. 4.3 Explain the process of vaporization, evaporation, condensation, freezing, boiling, melting, and sublimation as a change of state. 5.1 Compare and contrast heat and thermal energy. 5.2 Discuss motion of particles in various states of matter. 5.3 Describe how particle motion is related to temperature. 5.4 Describe how temperature is affected when substances mix/touch. Discuss the direction of heat flow in objects. 6.2 Discuss the importance and the effect of conductors on thermal energy transfer 6.3 Discuss the importance and the effect of insulators on thermal energy transfer 6.4 Explain how heat is transferred by conduction. 6.5 Explain how heat is transferred by convection. 6.6 Explain how heat is transferred by radiation. 6.7 Determine at what temperature thermal equilibrium will occur when matter of different temperatures is exposed to each other.
