Taking care of your skin, hair, and
nails helps keep your whole body
healthy.
epidermis
dermis
melanin
sebaceous glands
hair follicles
melanoma
Your Skin
Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates
your body temperature, and helps you feel
sensations.
______ is the largest organ on the human body.
Your Skin
The skin consists of two main layers, the
_________ and the dermis.
__________
The outer, thinner layer of the
skin that is composed of living
and dead cells
Your Skin
Just underneath the epidermis is the ________.
___________
The thicker layer of the skin beneath
the epidermis that is made up of
connective tissue and contains blood
vessels and nerves
Your Skin
Cells in the epidermis make substances called
lipids, which make your skin waterproof.
This waterproofing helps the body maintain a
proper balance of water and electrolytes.
Your Skin
The more ________ that your body produces, the
darker the skin.
___________
A pigment that gives the skin, hair,
and iris of the eyes their color
Your Skin
Three Main Functions of Skin
Protection
Temperature
Control
Sensation
Your Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Layer
Your Skin
hair
dead epidermis
living epidermis
sweat pore
sebaceous gland
hair follicle
muscle
duct of sweat gland
sweat gland
artery
vein
nerve
fat tissue
Your Skin
Sebaceous glands are also found in the dermis.
Sebum helps keep skin and hair from drying out.
Sebaceous glands
Structures within the skin that
produce an oily secretion
called sebum
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
A daily routine will keep your skin healthy.
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
Tips for Keeping Your Skin Healthy
Wash your face every morning and evening with
mild soap and water.
Avoid touching your face with your hands.
Choose personal skin care products carefully to
avoid irritation and the chance of allergic reaction.
Follow a well-balanced eating plan that is rich in
vitamins and minerals.
Keeping Your Skin Healthy
An eating plan rich in vitamin
A will promote healthy skin.
UV Protection
Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged
by UV rays.
Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin
cancer.
UV Protection
UV Protection Tips
Always wear sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or
higher on exposed areas of skin.
Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going
outside, even on cloudy days.
Wear protective clothing.
Wear sunglasses.
Avoid using tanning beds, as prolonged
exposure can lead to skin cancer.
Body Piercing and Tattooing
Infections from
bacteria
Health Risks of
Body Piecing and
Tattooing
Viruses from bloodborne pathogens
Damage to mouth
and teeth
Limit future job
opportunities and
relationships
Skin Problems
Acne occurs when clogged pores become infected
and pus forms.
Keep your face clean.
Apply over-the-counter treatments.
Avoid oily products and heavy makeup.
See a doctor if necessary.
Skin Problems
Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread
through direct physical contact.
Skin Problems
Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually
caused by an allergic reaction.
Keep your skin well moisturized to reduce irritation.
See a doctor if necessary.
Skin Problems
Boils form when _____ follicles become infected.
Do not burst or squeeze a boil.
_______ follicles
Sacs or cavities that surround the
roots of hairs
Skin Problems
Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin,
clothing, or in public showers.
Keep skin clean and dry and treat with over-thecounter medicines.
Skin Problems
Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop
into _________, which can be deadly.
__________
The most serious form of
skin cancer
Skin Problems
Early detection and treatment are critical in
controlling the spread of melanoma.
Regularly checking the appearance of your moles
is important for the early detection of melanoma.
Skin Problems
The ABCD’S of Melanoma
Asymmetry
An imaginary line drawn through the center of
the mole does not produce matching halves.
Border
Irregularity
Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges.
Suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Color
Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly
with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.
Diameter
Check for moles that are wider across than the
width of a pea.
Skin Problems
A
B
C
D
Asymmetry
Border
Irregularity
Color
Diameter
Your Hair
Your hair protects your skin from UV
radiation and helps maintain body heat.
Hair grows on every surface of the skin,
except for the palms of the hand and the soles
of the feet.
Your Hair
Hair protects the skin from UV radiation and
prevents loss of heat from the body.
The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from
dust and other particles.
Your Hair
Protecting Your Hair
Eat a well-balanced diet.
Brush daily.
Shampoo regularly.
Limit the use of harsh chemical treatments.
Avoid excessive use of heating irons or hot combs.
Hair Problems
Dandruff
Dead skin cells that are shed as
sticky white flakes.
Avoiding
Dandruff
Keep your hair clean.
Treating
Dandruff
Use over-the-counter dandruff
shampoo.
Hair Problems
Head Lice
Tiny parasitic insects that live in
scalp hair.
Avoiding
Head Lice
Don’t share brushes, combs, or hats.
Treating
Head Lice
Use a medicated shampoo to kill
the organisms.
Your Nails
Nails help protect your fingers and toes.
Your fingernails and toenails are made of
closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.
Your Nails
Any cut, split, or break of
the skin surrounding the
nail should be kept
clean and treated with
antibiotic ointment to
avoid infection.
Your Nails
Protecting Your Nails
Keep nails clean and evenly trimmed.
Use a nail file to shape and smooth nails.
Keep cuticles pushed back.
Trim toenails straight across and just slightly above the skin level.
Keep nails short.
Your teeth and mouth need care to
function well and keep you healthy.
Your Teeth
Every tooth has three main parts.
Having healthy teeth is important for your
appearance and your overall physical health.
Your Teeth
Your teeth break down foods into pieces that are
small enough to easily digest.
They also help form the shape and structure of
your mouth.
Your Teeth
The ____________ supports the tooth and holds it
in place.
___________
The area immediately around
the tooth
Parts of a Tooth
Parts of the Periodontium
The Gum
Periodontal
Ligaments
The Jawbone
Parts of a Tooth
Three Main Parts of the Tooth
Crown
Neck
Root
Parts of a Tooth
Crown
Neck
Root
Parts of a Tooth
enamel
dentin
gingivia
gum
pulp cavity with nerves and vessels
cementum
periodontal ligaments
periodontal membrane
root canal
bone
Parts of a Tooth
_________ is a hard substance made of calcium
that protects the crown.
Dentin is layer of connective tissue that contributes
to the shape and hardness of a tooth.
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
You can make choices that help keep your
teeth and mouth clean and healthy.
Oral hygiene, which includes
brushing and flossing your teeth, is
necessary for healthy, clean teeth.
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
Bacteria metabolize the sugars in the foods you
eat, producing an acid that breaks down the
protective layer of tooth enamel.
Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed
and bacteria penetrate the tooth.
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
________ damages the tooth by coating it, sealing
out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from
bacteria.
________
A combination of bacteria and
other particles, such as small bits
of food, which adheres to the
outside of a tooth
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria
break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity.
If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may
have to be removed.
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy

Visit a dentist regularly.

Eat a well-balanced diet.

Reduce the number of sugary drinks and snacks you eat.

Brush your teeth after every meal, and floss daily.

Get regular dental checkups.

Wear a mouth guard when you play contact sports.

Avoid all tobacco products.
Tooth and Mouth Problems
__________ can be caused by eating certain
foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the
tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.
_________
Bad breath
Tooth and Mouth Problems
Gum disease, or __________ disease, is caused
by bacterial infection.
_________ disease
An inflammation of the
periodontal structures
Tooth and Mouth Problems
When plaque hardens, it builds up ______, a hard,
crust like substance, and causes the gums to
become irritated and swollen.
This is called _______. If left untreated, the bone
and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed,
and teeth can be lost.
Tooth and Mouth Problems
Impacted wisdom teeth sometimes crowd and
push on other teeth or become infected.
They may need to be removed surgically.
Your Eyes
Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the
front of your skull.
A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its
socket.
Your Eyes
The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye
through ducts.
Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and
clear of foreign particles.
Parts of the Eye
sclera
choroid
vitrius humor
optic nerve
retina
cornea
iris
pupil
lens
aqueous
humor
Parts of the Eye
The sclera is composed of tough, fibrous tissue.
Sclera
The white part of the eye
Parts of the Eye
At the front of the eye rests the cornea.
Cornea
A transparent tissue that
bends and focuses light before
it enters the lens
Parts of the Eye
The retina contains millions of light-sensitive cells
called rods and cones, each named for its basic
shape.
Retina
The inner layer of the
eye wall
Parts of the Eye
Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in
dim light.
Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see
in bright light and in color .
Parts of the Eye
Sclera
Protects the inner eye and supports and
shapes the eyeball
Cornea
Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens
Choroid
Lines the inside of the sclera
Iris
Contracts and dilates the pupil
Pupil
Regulates the amount of light that reaches the
inner eye
Parts of the Eye
Retina
Contains light-sensitive cells
Optic Nerve
Transmits nerve impulses to the brain
Lens
Helps refine the focus of images on the retina
Aqueous Humor
Provides nutrients to the eye
Vitreous Humor
Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the
retina in place
Vision
Eye doctors refer to clear, sharp, normal vision as
__/___ vision.
Other components of vision include eye
coordination, peripheral or side vision, and depth
perception.
Vision
Common Vision Disorders
Nearsightedness,
or Myopia
The inability to see distant objects clearly
Farsightedness,
or Hyperopia
The inability see close objects clearly
Astigmatism
Blurred vision
Strabismus
Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward
Detached Retina
Blurred vision or bright flashes of light
Vision
Common Vision Problems
Infections and
Viruses
Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in
sclera color
Glaucoma
Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent
damage
Cataracts
Foggy vision
Macular
Degeneration
Vision loss
Asnwers
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. Define the terms melanin and hair follicle.
Melanin is a pigment that gives the skin,
hair, and iris of the eye their color. A hair
follicle is a sac surrounding the hair root.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. Explain the causes of acne. How is acne
treated?
Acne is caused by clogged skin pores. Treatment
includes: washing the face gently twice a day;
applying over-the-counter treatment creams;
avoiding the use of oily products or too much
makeup; not touching and picking at the skin; and
prescription medications for extreme cases.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. What viruses can you potentially contract
through getting a tattoo?
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. Define the terms periodontal disease and
plaque.
Periodontal disease is inflammation of the
periodontal structures. Plaque is a
combination of bacteria and other particles
that adheres to the outside of a tooth.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. What is the pulp of the tooth?
Tissue that contains the blood vessels and
nerves of a tooth
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. Explain how tooth decay happens.
If plaque builds up, bacteria thrive in the
plaque and produce acids that break down
tooth enamel, forming a cavity.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. What happens to eyes that have
cataracts?
The lenses become cloudy and cannot
focus light.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. What is astigmatism?
Blurred vision due to a misshapen cornea
or lens
Your Skin
Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates
your body temperature, and helps you feel
sensations.
Skin is the largest organ on the human body.
Your Skin
The skin consists of two main layers, the
epidermis and the dermis.
Epidermis
The outer, thinner layer of the
skin that is composed of living
and dead cells
Your Skin
Just underneath the epidermis is the dermis.
Dermis
The thicker layer of the skin beneath
the epidermis that is made up of
connective tissue and contains blood
vessels and nerves
Your Skin
The more melanin that your body produces, the
darker the skin.
Melanin
A pigment that gives the skin, hair,
and iris of the eyes their color
Skin Problems
Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do
not burst or squeeze a boil.
Hair follicles
Sacs or cavities that surround the
roots of hairs
Skin Problems
Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop
into melanoma, which can be deadly.
Melanoma
The most serious form of
skin cancer
Your Teeth
The periodontium supports the tooth and holds it
in place.
Periodontium
The area immediately around
the tooth
Parts of a Tooth
Enamel is a hard substance made of calcium that
protects the crown.
Dentin is layer of connective tissue that contributes
to the shape and hardness of a tooth.
Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing
out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from
bacteria.
Plaque
A combination of bacteria and
other particles, such as small bits
of food, which adheres to the
outside of a tooth
Tooth and Mouth Problems
Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods,
poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the
tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.
Halitosis
Bad breath
Tooth and Mouth Problems
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused
by bacterial infection.
Periodontal disease
An inflammation of the
periodontal structures
Tooth and Mouth Problems
When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard,
crustlike substance, and causes the gums to
become irritated and swollen.
This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone
and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed,
and teeth can be lost.
Vision
Eye doctors refer to clear, sharp, normal vision as
20/20 vision.
Other components of vision include eye
coordination, peripheral or side vision, and depth
perception.