Midterm Review
Name: ______________________________
Biology
Date: __________________ Period: ______
I. Chapter One - Introduction
1. List the eight characteristics that all living things share.
Change in plant height over time
2. What is the independent variable?
3. What is the dependent variable?
4. Write a conclusion based on the graph above (be specific).
 = no fertilizer
 = chemical fertilizer
 = organic fertilizer
II. Chapter Two – Inorganic Chemistry
In the diagram to the right use dotted lines to draw in the bonds that form between water molecules.
1. What is the name of this type of bond?
2. List two properties of water that result from these bonds.
3. Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion and give an example of each
property of water.
4. What makes water polar?
5. Is human blood acidic or basic?
How can you tell?
6. Which substance is the least acidic?
Least basic?
7. Which of the solutions on the pH scale would have the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
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8. A higher concentration of which ion is found in basic substances?
substance on the pH scale above.
9. How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?
Identify the most basic
10. Define the following terms:
EnzymeCatalystActivation energy-
11. Does the energy diagram to the right represent an endergonic or exergonic
reaction? How can you tell?
12. How would the energy diagram change if a catalyst was added to the reaction?
13. Label the enzyme, substrate and active site in the diagram to the right. Describe what is happening in each step of
this diagram:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 14. True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
15. True or False: All catalysts are enzymes.
16. True or False: Enzymes lower the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate.
17. What three factors affect the function of enzymes? Explain how they affect the enzymes.
III. Chapter Two – Organic Chemistry
1. In polymerization, monomers / polymers (circle one) join to form monomers / polymers (circle one).
2. What makes carbon unique as compared to other elements?
3. How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?
4. What kind of bond(s) do carbon atoms readily form?
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5. The following diagrams show the process of
(circle one) larger molecules.
. This process breaks apart/synthesizes
6. The following diagrams show the process of
(circle one) larger molecules.
. This process breaks apart/synthesizes
7. Explain each of the processes in #5 and #6.
8. Complete the following table:
Organic
Monomer
Compound
Function
Example
Monosaccharide
(simple sugar)
Lipid
Amino acid
Nucleic Acid
Catalase/enzymes
Stores genetic information
9. Match each class of organic compounds with their appropriate function.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic Acids
_________ Stores and transmits genetic information
_________ Move substances in and out of cells
_________ Stores energy
_________ Quick energy
_________ Help fight disease
_________ Control the rate of reactions
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Label each diagram using the following terms (they can be used more than once):
monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, glycerol, fatty acid, lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, water
IV. Chapter Seven – Cells and Transport
1. Complete the Venn Diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
2. List four differences between plant and animal cells.
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3.
Use the diagram to complete the table of cellular organelles.
Structure
A
B
C
D
H
E
F
G
H
4. Identify the function of each of the organelles listed below:
Organelle
Function
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleolus
Centrioles
5. Trace the correct path of a protein in a cell using all of the organelles listed: ER, Nucleolus, Ribosome, Golgi
Apparatus
_________________  _________________  _________________  _________________
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6. Place the following terms (levels of multicellular organization) in order from least complex to most complex:
organs, cells, organ systems, tissues, organism
_______________  _______________  _______________  _______________  _______________
V. Chapter Seven – Cellular Transport
1. How is diffusion different from osmosis?
2. How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis?
3. Distinguish between active and passive transport.
4. Complete the table.
Types of Transport
Type
Description
Active/Passive Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
5. Which class of organic compounds makes up the channels and pumps that help move materials from one side of the
cell membrane to the other?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Protein
d. Nucleic Acids
6. How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?
7. What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis?
8. How are proteins transported from the Golgi apparatus during exocytosis?
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9. Define the following terms and describe what would happen if you put a red blood cell in each type of solution.
a) Hypertonic-
b) Hypotonic-
c) Isotonic10. The cell in this beaker is bathed in a 2% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to NaCl.
a. What type of solution is this? hypotonic/hypertonic/isotonic
3.7% NaCl
b. In which direction is the net movement of water here?
c. How will this affect the cell?
2% NaCl
11. Complete the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
VI. Chapter Eight & Nine – Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
1. Write the balanced equation for Photosynthesis:
_________ + _________
C6H12O6 + _________
_________
2. Write the balanced equation for Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + _________
_________
_________ + _________ + _________
3. Which organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
4. What is the chemical energy in #4?
5. What is the name of the energy currency molecule of the cell?
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6. Complete the table.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
7. Label each part of the diagram of an ATP molecule below.
VII. Chapter Twelve – DNA
1. What do we call the monomers of nucleic acids?
2. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid monomer?
3. What do we call the process where DNA makes a copy of itself?
4. Write the complimentary strand of DNA for the sequence below:
A A T G A C T C T A T A C G T
___________________________________________
5. Circle the DNA strands below that would represent the new DNA molecules that would result from replication.
Original DNA
Replicated DNA
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A
B
C