Philosophical Origins of
Independence
Enlightenment
• An 18th century philosophical movement in
Europe that focused on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Rationalism & reason
Secularism & applying science to religion
The greatest good for the greatest number
Tolerance of opposing views
Freedom of thought & expression
Education of the masses
Written constitutions & due process
Enlightenment Examples
• John Locke
– Government owe power to contract with people not
divine right
• Voltaire
– I may not agree with what you have to say,
but I will defend to the death your right to
say it.
• Montesquieu
– separation of political powers ensured freedom &
liberty
Common Sense
1. How does Common Sense differ from the
“Letters from a PA Farmer”?
2. What was it about America that made some
people in 1776 so opposed to the system of
monarchy?
-Interesting passages?
Common Sense
“It is the good fortune of many to live distant from the scene of
present sorrow; the evil is not sufficiently brought to their doors to
make them feel the precariousness with which all American property
is possessed. But let our imaginations transport us a few moments to
Boston; that seat of wretchedness will teach us wisdom, and instruct
us forever to renounce a power in whom we can have no trust. The
inhabitants of that unfortunate city, who but a few months ago were
in ease and affluence, have now no other alternative than to stay and
starve, or turn out to beg. Endangered by the fire of their friends if
they continue within the city and plundered by the soldiery if they
leave it…”
Declaration of Independence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg&feature=em-share_video_user
Organization:
• Introduction
• Main Political & Philosophical Ideas
• Grievances
• Assertion of Sovereignty
Established founding ideals of: Equality, Opportunity, Rights,
Democracy, Liberty
DoI
• Grievances – Annotate a few of:
– economic interests
– infringement of colonial self-government
– violation of individual rights