Unit D: Genetic Processes
Chapter 4: Cell Division and Reproduction
Specific Expectations:
In the chapter you will learn how to …
D1.1: analyze, on the basis of research, some of the social and ethical implications of
research in genetics and genomics. (4.2, 4.3)
D1.2: evaluate, on the basis of research, the importance of some recent contributions
to knowledge, techniques, and technologies related to genetic processes. (4.2, 4.3)
D2.1: use appropriate terminology related to genetic processes. (4.1, 4.2, 4.3)
D2.2: investigate the process of meiosis, using a microscope or similar instrument,
or a computer simulation, and draw biological diagrams to help explain the main
phases of the process. (4.2)
D3.1: explain the phases in the process of meiosis in terms of cell division, the
movement of chromosomes, and crossing over of genetic materials. (4.2)
D3.4: describe some genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities or
other genetic mutations in terms of chromosomes affected, physical effects, and
treatments. (4.2)
D3.5: describe some reproductive technologies, and explain how their use can
increase the genetic diversity of species. (4.3)
4.1: Cell Division and Genetic Material
pg. 160 - 168
Key Terms: genetics, somatic cell, chromosome, sister chromatid, centromere, spindle
fibre, centrosome, genome, sex chromosome, autosome, homologous chromosome, gene,
allele, and karyotype.
The Cell Cycle
Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Learning Check:
1–6
pg. 164
The Structures of Genetic Material
Making Exact Copies of DNA
Chromosomes Are Paired
Homologous Chromosomes Contain Alleles
Examining Chromosomes: The Karyotype
1 – 18
pg. 168
Activity 4.1: Modelling DNA
1–3
pg. 166
Study Guide: Self Assessment
1 – 15
SG. 54 – 55
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
(4.1)
1–5
SG. 56 – 57
Human Karyotypes (4.1, 4.2)
1–3
SG. 58
The Cell Cycle (4.1)
1–2
SG. 59
Review Questions:
Mitosis and Cytokinesis (4.1)
1–3
SG. 60
4.2: Sexual Reproduction
pg. 169 - 181
Key Terms: asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, gamete, zygote, fertilization,
haploid, diploid, meiosis, synapsis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, crossing over, nondisjunction, monosomy, trisomy.
Haploid and Diploid Cells in Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis – Producing Haploid Gametes
Interphase
Phases of Meiosis
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Meiosis II
A Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis
Learning Check:
7 – 12
pg. 172
Gamete Formation in Animals
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Multiple Births
The Importance of Meiosis for Genetic Variation
Independent Assortment
Crossing Over
Learning Check:
13 – 18
pg. 176
Errors Caused by Changes in Chromosome Structure
Errors Caused by Changes in Chromosome Number
Genetic Disorders Associated with Chromosome Number
Trisomies and Monosomies
Prenatal Genetic Testing
Prenatal Testing Procedures
1 – 16
pg. 181
Activity 4.2: Modeling Chromosomes in Meiosis
1–3
pg. 173
Activity 4.3: Modeling Crossing Over
1–3
pg. 176
Activity 4.4: Prenatal Genetic Testing:
Considering the Options
1–3
pg. 180
Review Questions:
Inquiry Inv. 4 – A: The Phases of Meiosis
pg. 191 - 192
Thought Lab 4 – B: Chromosomal Abnormalities
pg. 193
Study Guide: Meiosis (4.2)
1–5
SG. 61 – 62
4.3: Reproductive Strategies and Technologies
pg. 182 - 190
Key Terms: selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro
fertilization, cloning, gene cloning, recombinant DNA, therapeutic cloning, reproductive
cloning, and stem cell
Reproductive Strategies in Agriculture
Reproductive Technologies for Humans
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
Cloning: Reproduction of Exact Copies
Gene Cloning
Therapeutic Cloning and Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive Cloning in Animals
Learning Check:
19 – 24
pg. 185
Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells
Transgenic Organisms
Applications of Transgenic Plants
Application of Transgenic Animals
Regulating the Use of Transgenic Organisms
1 – 16
pg. 190
Activity 4.5: Assessing the Use of Transgenic
Plants
1–2
pg. 187
Study Guide: Reproduction, Technology,
and Society (4.3)
1–5
SG. 63 – 64
Bringing It All Together
1–2
SG. 65
Practice Test
1 – 14
SG. 66 – 67
Review Questions: