Matakuliah
Tahun
: T0732 / Sistem Multimedia
: 2007
CBT, Virtual Reality, and Games
Pertemuan 11
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• Membandingkan Jenis – Jenis Aplikasi Multimedia
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Outline Materi
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Many Names
What is CAI
Types of CAI Software
Advantages of CAI
Virtual Reality
Games Development
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Many Names
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Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
Computer Based Training (CBT)
Computer Based Teaching (CBT)
Web Based Training (WBT)
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
Computer Based Education (CBE)
This industry is much larger than the game industry
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What is CAI
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Computer Assisted Instruction refers to a system of educational
instruction performed almost entirely by computer. Such systems typically
incorporate functions such as:
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Assessing student capabilities with a pre-test
Presenting educational materials in a navigable form
Providing repetitive drills to improve the student's command of knowledge
Possibly, providing game-based drills to increase learning enjoyment
Assessing student progress with a post-test
Routing students through a series of courseware instructional programs.
Recording student scores and progress for later inspection by a courseware
instructor.
Types of CAI Software
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Drill and Practice
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Games
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May include point scoring, and can be individual or team format
Have the potential for a very motivational environment
Simulations
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Typically, drill and practice activities are supplementary to the “normal” teaching process
Drill and practice is good for fundamental mastery
Can be thought of as a “flash card” system of the stimulus-response model
Speed is important for both presentation and feedback
Can provide microworlds (e.g., a world without friction or gravity)
Simulations are safe, inexpensive, fast, slow, clean, possible
Tutorials
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Self-paced, where the computer acts as an infinitely-patient, all-wise tutor
Advantages of CAI
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Save Training Time
Enforces Quality Design
Provides Standard Curriculum
Easily Modified and Updated
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Example 01: CBT Program for Mill Operators
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Example 01: CBT Program for Mill Operators
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Example 02: FEMA Hazardous Materials and Domestic Preparedness
Blended Learning
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Example 03: FAA Airport Surface Detection Equipment - Model X
(ASDE-X) Blended Learning
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Example 04: United Nations "Microfinance Distance Learning Programme"
Blended Learning
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Example 05: US Marine Corps "Financially Fit, Mission Ready!"
Computer-based Training
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Example 06: FEMA EMS Response to Multiple Casualty Incidents
Web-based Training
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Example 07: FAA "Memory 101" Computer-based Training
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Virtual Reality Definition
• What is virtual reality?
– Virtual –
• being in essence or effect, but not in fact
– Reality –
• the state or quality of being real. Something that exists
independently of ideas concerning it. Something that constitutes a
real or actual thing as distinguished from something that is merely
apparent
– Virtual Reality
• a computer generated ‘immersive’ (or wide field), multi-sensory
information program which tracks a user in real time
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Key Elements of Virtual Reality Experience
• Virtual World - content of a given medium
– screen play, script, etc.
– actors performing the play allows us to
experience the virtual world
• Immersion – sensation of being in an
environment
– mental immersion – suspension of disbelief
– physical immersion – bodily entering the
medium
– Related to presence – (mentally immersed)
the participant’s sensation of being in the
virtual environment (Slater)
Walking Experiment at
UNC – Chapel Hill
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Key Elements of Virtual Reality Experience
• Sensory Feedback – information about the
virtual world is presented to the participant’s
senses
– Visual (most common)
– Audio
– Touch
• Interactivity – the virtual world responds to
the user’s actions.
– Computer makes this possible
– Real-time
Walking Experiment at
UNC – Chapel Hill
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Entertainment
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Training (NASA)
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Clinical Virtual Reality
Hunter Hoffman
HITLab –
University of
Washington
The direct use of VR as a tool in the treatment or assessment of
psychological and physical disorders.
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Gaming Platform
• Personal computer games
– commonly referred to as
"computer games" or "PC
games"
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Gaming Platform
• Console games
– commonly referred to as "video games"
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Gaming Platform
• Arcade games
– coin-operated games played on a
standalone device originally leased
to commercial entertainment
venues
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Gaming Platform
• Internet games
– those which require a connection to
the Internet to play
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Game Development Team Roles
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Game Designer
– a person who designs games. The term normally refers to a person who designs
computer or video games, but it can also refer to one who designs traditional
games
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Artists
– responsible for all of the aspects of game development that calls for visual art
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Programmers
– a software engineer who primarily develops computer or video games or related
software (such as game development tools)
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Level designers
– a person who creates levels for computer and/or video games using a specific
set of programs
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Sound engineers (composers, and for sound effects)
Testers
– a person whose profession consists of testing video and computer games in
order to find bugs, errors and possible conflicts as a quality control process.
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Producers
– the person in charge of overseeing development of a video or computer game
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