Civil Rights on Long Island
Hofstra University
1
Newsday, July 5, 1994, "Portrait of the Klan."
The Klorero, Klan File, Long Island Studies Archives, Hofstra University.
3
New York Times, September 23, 1963, "L.I. Cross-Burning Attacks NAACP."
4
Newsday, February 17, 1967, "Hempstead Group Lists Bias Demands."
5
Newsday, January 21, 1966, "CORE Alleges Police Brutality in Arrest of a Nassau Negro"; The New York Times, July 29,
1966, "Police Attacked in Suburb on L.I."
6
New York Times, May 3, 1966, "Cause of Trouble Eludes L.I. Area."
7
New York Times, May 21, 1961, "Negroes Facing Test in Suburbs".
8
Newsday, February 12, 1957, "School Aides Hit Charge of LI Hiring Bias."
9
Newsday, January 17, 1963, "CORE and More Jobs"; "CORE Wins Job Argument at LI Bank"; "Negroes Meet Tonight on
Hempstead Boycott."
10
Newsday, January 17, 1963, "CORE and More Jobs"; "CORE Wins Job Argument at LI Bank"; "Negroes Meet Tonight on
Hempstead Boycott."
11
Hempstead Beacon, February 1, 1967, "Human Rights Study Finds Fire Department Rules Discriminate"; Newsday, February
16, 1967, "Hempstead Vamps May End Blackball"; Newsday, April 6, 1967, "Fault Firemen on Bias Talks."
12
New York Times, May 21, 1961, "Negroes Facing Test in Suburbs".
13
Hempstead Beacon, August 14, 1963, "The Struggle for Civil Rights."
14
Joseph, 1996.
15
New York Times, January 22, 1995, "Poorer Schools Feel Loss of Aid."
16
Carl Degler, Out of Our Past (New York: Harper, 1959/1970), pp. 208-236; Sitkoff.
17
Encyclopedia Britanica, vol. 9; Newsday, September 2, 1957, "The Levittown Decade"; United States Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1960 Census of the United States, Vol. 1 pt. 34, New York State (Washington DC:
Government Printing Office).
18
1960 Census of the United States.
19
1960 Census of the United States; United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of the United
States, Vol. 1 pt. 34, New York State (Washington DC: Government Printing Office).
20
Newsday, November 21, 1963, "NAACP Facing Fight on Zoning."
21
Newsday, March 25, 1963, "Blockbusting Cries to get State Airing". According to census reports, Roosevelt was 17% Africa
American in 1960 and 68% in 1970. Hempstead went from 22% African American in 1960 to 36% in 1970. 1960 Census of the
United States; 1970 Census of the United States.
22
Roosevelt Press, "Roosevelt Clergymen Unite to Halt Alleged 'Fast Sales, Block Busting in Real Estate'"; Hempstead Beacon,
October 30, 1963, "Hub Neighbors Group Fights Block Busters".
23
Newsday, September 1, 1963, "State Will Air Charges of Blockbusting".
24
Newsday, January 10, 1963, "A Negro Family Evicted in Roosevelt".
25
Newsday, March 30, 1965, "Court Backs State Unit in Freeport Apt. Bias".
26
New York Times, September 30, 1969, "Black Family Fights L.I. Housing Bias".
27
Newsday, June 14, 1967, "Baited as Negro, Whites Flee Long Island Home".
28
Newsday, January 15, 1963, "Claim RVC Renewal Edges Negroes Out". 1960 Census of the United States; 1970 Census of the
United States.
29
New York Times, May 5, 1966, "A Half-Million Whites Left City From 1960-1964, Figures Show."
30
New York Times, July 13, 1963, "Integration for L.I. is Urged."
31
Amityville Herald, September 5, 1963, "Demonstrators March Over Racial Issue"; September 12, 1963, "Boycott of Stores
Now Looms in School Dispute."
32
New York Times, July 3, 1963, "Hempstead Asks School Merger;" Hempstead Beacon, November 20, 1963, "Uniondale
School Official Doubts Merger Backing."
33
New York Times, December 22, 1967, "A School District on L.I. Studies Taking Pupils from City"; New York Times,
February 16, 1969, "Great Neck Split Over Busing Plan"; New York Times, June 19, 1969, "Student Bus Plan to Great Neck
Vetoed."
34
New York Times, August 7, 1963, "Glen Cove Offers a Plan to End Racial Imbalance".
35
Newsday, May 17, 1966, "Rumor About Negroes Called Factor in Vote."
36
Newsday, May 3, 1968, "Malverne: The Long Fight".
37
Hempstead Beacon, July 24, 1963, "Racial Imbalance Problem."
38
New York Times, June 2, 1963, "Malverne Awaits State Decision On Racial Imbalance in Schools"; New York Times, June 13,
1963, "Integration Plan For L.I. is Urged"; New York Times, September 14, 1963, "Malverne Order Fought in Court."
39
New York Times, August 14, 1963, "Malverne Loses School-Delay Bid." New York Times, August 23, 1963, "Malverne Plan
Put Off."
40
New York Times, September 12, 1963, "Freedom School On L.I. Enlarged".
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Civil Rights on Long Island
Hofstra University
41
Newsday, February 2, 1964,"Fights Shifts Based on Race;" New York Times, March 18, 1966, "Assembly is Tense in Busing
Dispute".
42
Newsday, May 23, 1965, "Malverne in Shift; Some Defy It".
43
New York Times, March 1, 1966, "L.I. Parents Open Secret Schools for White Pupils."
44
New York Times, February 1, 1966, "Malverne Schools Boycotted For Day".
45
Newsday , March 14, 1966, "Factions Still Divided On Malverne Schools".
46
New York Times, May 5, 1966, "Malverne Elects School Plan Foes."
47
New York Times, September 21, 1966, ""Malverne Schools Reject State Funds."
48
New York Times, October 20, 1966, "Malverne School Board Alters State-Ordered Racial Program"; New York Times, August
5, 1967, " 4 yr. School Integration Fight Appears Over in Malverne."
49
New York Times, August 5, 1967, " 4 yr. School Integration Fight Appears Over in Malverne"; Newsday. January 1, 1968,
"Classrooms to Delay Malverne Plan a Month."
50
Newsday, February 23, 1966, "In Both Camps: Tension, Apprehension. All in Favor are Anxious; All Opposed Are
Unhappy."
51
Norman Lent, "School Busing," Human Rights (Published by the Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities, American
Bar Association), Summer 1973, Vol. 3, Number 1, pp. 63-67.
52
Norman Lent, "School Busing," Human Rights, pp. 63-67.
53
Newsday, February 16, 1967, "Hempstead Vamps May End Blackball".
54
Newsday, April 6, 1967, "Fault Firemen on Bias Talks".
55
Hempstead Beacon, February 1, 1967, "Human Rights Study Finds Fire Department Rules Discriminate".
56
Newsday, March 19, 1967. Title
57
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Rights, with an introduction by Tom Wicker (NY: Bantam Books,
1968), p. 32.
58
Newsday, March 1,1968, "LI Confident on Racial Problems."
59
Newsday, May 28, 1969, "Shots Quell Central Islip Race Fight."
New York Times, April 26, 1969, "Three Beaten As Students Disrupt School in Freeport." Newsday, October, 1969, "Bellport
School Shut After Scuffles."
New York Times , March 9, 1970, "Racially Torn Hempstead High To Reopen With Talks on Strife."
Newsday, April, 1969, "Blacks, Whites in Hofstra Melee,"
Newsday, April 26, 1969, "Four Hurt in Roosevelt Disorder,"
Newsday, April 29, 1969, "Six Hundred Anger Whites Demand Law And Order in Schools."
60
Newsday, October 27,1967, "Rights Group Blocked in Traffic Light Quest."
61
Newsday, May 28, 1969, "Suffolk Blacks Quite Racial Strife Session;" August 29, 1969, "Black Gains OK'd at C. Islip
School."
62
Newsday, April 29,1969, "Six Hundred Anger Whites Demands Law And Order in Schools."
63
Newsday, October 9, 1969, "Black Students Disrupt School."
64
Newsday, April 29, 1969, "Six Hundred Anger Whites Demands Law And Order in Schools."
65
Newsday, August 28, 1969, "600 Whites Hold Rally in C. Islip."
66
New York Times, April 26, 1969, "3 Beaten as Students Disrupt School in Freeport."
67
Newsday, April 26,1969, "4 Hurt in Roosevelt Disorder."
68
Newsday, May 28,1969, "Shots Quell C. Islip Race Fight;" August 29, 1969, "Black Gains OK'd at C. Islip School."
69
Newsday, April 1,1968, "Tense Westbury Schools Closed."
70
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Rights, with an introduction by Tom Wicker (NY: Bantam Books,
1968), Forward.
71
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Rights, pp. 206-207.
72
Harvard Sitkoff, The Struggle for Black Equality, 1954-1980 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981), p. 221
73
New York Times, November 4, 1964, p. 27; New York Times, November 8, 1968, p. 27.
74
New York Times, November 9, 1972, p. 28.
75
Sitkoff, pp. 221-224.
76
Norman Lent, "School Busing," Human Rights (Published by the Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities, American
Bar Association), Summer 1973, Vol. 3, Number 1, pp. 63-64.
77
The State Department of Education, Statistical Profiles of Public School Districts (Albany: State Education Department, 1996),
pp. 13-15.
78
Martin Luther King, Jr., in Diane Ravitch, The American Reader (New York: Harper Collins, 1990),pp. 331-334.
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