Sofie Momin
Jessina Tom
“It occurred to me that no matter where I lived,
geography could not save me.”
- Isabel Wilkerson
Poverty in America
• Notice the similarity in the two maps.
• Majority of the poverty lies in the areas with
most Black American population.
• This provides more evidence that Racial
Segregation is still a problem even in the
21st century.
BLACKS WERE THE LAST TO BE HIRED AND THE FIRST TO BE FIRED.
In most hospitals, Black
Nurses were allowed to
attend White patients,
but were segregated
from their fellow White
Nurses in dining halls.
In manufacturing plants White
workers would work under a
Black foreman but refuses to
work with Black workers.
Most Colored migrants had to survive by doing the
lowest paying jobs –iron and steel foundries, meat
packing and slaughtering.
The colored migrants “only did the dirty work”.
-Colored steelworker
The hiring managers at A.O. Smith
Company made it clear they did not
want colored workers because he
said the company “never did and
didn’t intend to employ Negros”.
George Swanson Starling had to
work as a coach attendant. It was
a job he was he was
overqualified and overeducated
for. Also he was paid less that his
white counterparts even in the
enlightened North.
Robert Joseph Perishing Foster, a
qualified surgeon, had to seek work at
Golden State Mutual Life Insurance
Company to collect urine samples and
to do routine examinations of
customers wanting coverage. He had to
take up a job that was way beneath his
qualifications.
One day, Robert went to a colored
couple’s house to do his routine check
up. When he asked for the wife to be
examined she refused saying, “I told
you I wasn’t going to let no nigger
doctor examine me”.
- This is the scariest part of racisms when blacks start
to believe they are somehow below whites.
White unions refused membership for
colored workers; restricting work
immigrants can do, keeping colored
wages low, and leaving them
unprotected during cutbacks.
Colored Women had the hardest
time finding jobs out of all the
immigrants pouring into the North
and West. Many industries refused
to hire them, so they were stuck
doing domestic work.
For the Black Women:
• Many employers started asking for college
degree, which majority of unskilled
workers did not have.
• Demanded black women to take voice
testes to throw out those from South.
Characteristics of Individuals in 1900
and 1990
The 2008 censes show black
men earned only 71% of
what white men earned.
The average hourly wage
for white male worker was
$20.84, while for black male
worker it was $ 14.90.
“Nearly 90% of U.S. occupations can be
categorized as racially segregated,” said
Darrick Hamilton, who co-authored the Whiter
Jobs, Higher Wages paper with EPI’s Austin
and Duke University Professor William Darity.
The Higher Wages paper shows
that, in occupations where black
men are underrepresented, the
average annual salary is $50,533;
in occupations where black men
were prominent, the average
annual salary is $37,005.
Still to this day getting an education is not
enough for colored people to get a high
paying and well reputed occupation; as it
was the case for George and Robert.
892
Hate groups
currently operating
in USA.