Name;__________________
Date:__________
Pelagic Animals
Parts of the Pelagic Zone
1. Photic Zonea. Epipelagic 2. Aphotic Zone –
a. The Mesopelagic Zone (twilight zone)–
b. Bathy & Abyssopelagic zone –
c. Hadopelagic zone -
Per:_______
3. What are 3 things organisms need to do to live in pelagic zone?
a.
b.
c.
Staying Above the Ocean Floor in the Epipelagic Zone
d. What are 2 ways organisms help themselves float in the epipelagic zone?
i.
ii.
e. What are 2 ways organisms help increase water resistance in the epipelagic zone?
f. What are 2 ways organisms help increase their buoyancy in the epipelagic zone?
i.
ii.
Staying Above the Ocean Floor in the Deep Ocean
4. Vertical Migration –
How fish stay above the ocean floor in the deep depends on whether the
fish does or does not vertically migrate
Getting Food & Avoiding Predators in the Epipelagic Zone
5. What type of sense organs help animals get and find food in the Epipelagic zone?
6. Countershading 7. What body structures help fish get food and avoid predators in the epipelagic zone?
a.
b.
8. What is Red muscle good for in the ocean?
9. What is white muscle good for in the ocean?
Getting Food & Avoiding Predators in the Deep Ocean
10. What adaptations do organisms in the deep ocean have to get and find prey?
11. Counteriluminationn-
12. What does bioluminescence have to do with capturing prey?
Finding Mates in the Epipelagic Zone
13. Why do epipelagic fish school?
a.
b.
c.
d.
14. Hermafradism is another way fish insure that mating is successful
a. Simultaneous hermaphrodites –
b. Sequential hermaphrodites (sexual reversal)–
15. What types of fish fertilize eggs internally?
16. How do most marine fish fertilize eggs?
a. Broadcast spawning17. Once the eggs are fertilized how do epipelagic fish come to term?
a. Oviparous reproduction –
b. Viviparous reproduction –
c. Ovoviviparous reproduction–
Finding Mates in the Deep Ocean
18. Some deep sea fish have the ability to produce both eggs and sperm eliminating the need to find a mate
a. Hermaphrodites19. How do deep sea fish attract mates through Bioluminescence and pheromones?
20. Male Parasitism –
Fish Fins
Caudle Fin Shapes
Rounder
Truncate
Forked
Lunate
Advantages:
Advantages:
Advantages:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
21. What is the caudal fin shape on a cartilaginous fish?
22. Why do cartilaginous fish need this caudal fin shape?
Boney Fish Vs. Shark: External Anatomy
Boney Fish Vs. Shark: Feeding Adaptations
23. What is a cartilaginous fishes mouth designed to do?
24. What determined the shape of a boney fishes mouth?
Boney Fish Vs. Shark: Respiration
Bony Fish
25. Why is the bony fishes respiration more advanced?
Cartilaginous fish
26. Why the cartilaginous fishes respiration is less advanced?
Boney Fish Vs. Shark: Osmoregulation
27. Osmoregulation –
a. How do Cartilaginous fish osmoregulate?
b. How do boney fish osmoregulate?
Boney Fish Vs. Shark: Sense Organs
28. Ampullae of Lorenzini –
29. Lateral lines -