Date _____
Keystone Review
Name _________________
Introduction
A student wants to know if her hosta plants (normally grown in shaded areas) will be able to grow
under full sunlight. She plants 10 hostas in a shaded area of her yard. She plants 10 more in an area of
her yard that receives full sun exposure. She waters them three times a week for 6 weeks. After six
weeks, she measures the heights of the hostas.
1. What is the hypothesis? __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How is a hypothesis different than a theory? ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is the control group? Why is the control group necessary? ______________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is the independent variable? ___________________________________________
5. List the eight characteristics of life share by all living things.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
6. What is meant by the term homeostasis? _______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Inorganic Chemistry
8. Why is carbon more likely to form covalent bonds and not ionic bonds? __________________
____________________________________________________________________
9. In the water molecules below label the hydrogen and oxygen
atom.
10. Indicate whether each atom has positive or negative charge.
11. Use dotted lines to show where the hydrogen bonds where form
between water molecules.
12. Explain hydrogen bonds will not form between the water
molecules in the diagram below.
Date _____
Organic Chemistry
Keystone Review
Name _________________
13. For each of the structures below, identify the class of organic compounds (lipid, carbohydrate,
protein or nucleic acid), give the function and the different elements they each one contains.
Organic Compound:
__________________________________
Function:
Organic Compound:
__________________________________
Function:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Monomer: _________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Monomer: ___________________
Organic Compound:
__________________________________
Function:
Organic Compound:
__________________________________
Function:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Monomer: _________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Monomer: _________________
14. In the diagram below, label the substrate, products, reactants, active site, and enzyme.
Date _____
Keystone Review
Name _________________
15. What is an enzyme?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
16. According to the graph what is the optimum pH of the
enzyme? _____
Cells
17. Label each of the numbered cell structures in th diagram to the below.
18. Give the function of the numbered cell structures in the cell diagram.
19. Is the cell pictured above prokaryotic or eukaryotic? How can you tell?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
20. What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
21. In the simplified diagram of a membrane below, label a
phospholipid, polar head, nonpolar tail and protein.
Keystone Review
Date _____
Name _________________
22. Describe two ways that passive transport is different than active transport.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
23. What happens when a cell containing 94% water is placed in a environment that is 97% water?
Explain. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
24. Identify the molecule to the right. __________________
(Hint: It is involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis)
25. What must happen to the structure of this molecule when energy is released?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
26. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
27. Write the equation for respiration.
28. What process is shown in the diagram to the
right?
a. photosynthesis
b. respiration
c. fermentation
d. transformation
29. In the diagram to the right, label ATP
synthase, electrons and hydrogen ions.
30. Complete the table below:
Photosynthesis
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Cellular Respiration
Keystone Review
Date _____
Name _________________
Mitosis and Meiosis
31. In the diagram to the right, label the centromere,
chromosome, and chromatids.
32. What process is necessary for diagram A to turn into
diagram B? ________________________________
33. What do homologous chromosomes have in common?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
34. How are homologous chromosomes different from one another? _______________________
____________________________________________________________________
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
35. What process does the diagram show? ________________
36. List all of the cells that are haploid.
_______________________
37. List all of the cells that are diploid.
_______________________
38. Which cell(s) contains a tetrad?
_______________________
39. Why is crossing over important, and when does it occur during meiosis?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
40. Identify mitotic phases:
List the above phases of
mitosis in order (use
letters)
1.
2.
3.
4.
________
________
________
________
Keystone Review
Date _____
41. Complete the table:
Stage in the cell cycle
Mitosis
(PMAT)
M Phase
Cytokinesis
Name _________________
What happens
G1 Phase
Interphase
S Phase
G2 Phase
42. Compare mitosis and meiosis:
Event
Mitosis
Meiosis
Number of cell divisions
Number of daughter cells
Number of chromosomes in daughter cells
(2N/N)
Daughter cells are genetically
(identical/different) than parent cell
Occurs in what type of cell
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
43. How is a point mutation different than a chromosomal mutation? ______________________
____________________________________________________________________
44. Why is a substitution point mutation less serious than an addition or deletion point mutation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
45. Transcribe and Translate the given DNA sequence:
DNA:
ATG
CAA
GTC
ATT
CCA
GCT
mRNA:
________________________________________________
Amino Acids: ________________________________________________
Date _____
Keystone Review
Name _________________
46. The diagram below shows the process of protein synthesis label the mRNA, DNA, translation and
transcription.
Use the codon chart above to
determine the amino acid
sequence in the diagram.
Mendelian Genetics
47. In cats blues eyes (B) are dominant over yellow eyes (b) and long fur (L) is dominant over short
fur (l). What is the expected phenotype ratio if you cross one cat that is heterozygous for both
traits with a cat that has homozygous blue eyes and heterozygous long fur.
How many cats are:
Blue eyes and long fur:
______
yellow eyes and long fur:
______
blue eyes and short fur:
______
yellow eyes and short fur:
______
48. A red flower is crossed with a flower and all of the offspring are pink. What pattern of inheritance
do the flowers follow? ___________________________________________________
Keystone Review
Date _____
Name _________________
49. How is incomplete dominance different than codominace?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Human Genetics
Pedigree A
Pedigree B
50. What is the pattern of inheritance for the trait in pedigree A?
(autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive)
51. What is the pattern of inheritance for the trait in pedigree B?
(autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive)
52. What must be the genotype of individual 20 in pedigree A?
______
53. What must be the genotype of individual 17 in pedigree B?
______
54. What must be the genotype of individual 1 in pedigree A?
______
55. What must be the genotype of individual 1 in pedigree B?
______
56. The pedigree to the right show the inheritance of
hemophilia, which is a sex-linked recessive trait found
on the X chromosome. Write the genotype for
hemophilia next to the symbol for each member of the
family.
57. If individuals 3 and 4 have another boy, what are the
chances that the child will have hemophilia? Show a
Punnett square.
______ Chance boy will be hemophilia.
Date _____
Keystone Review
Name _________________
58. If a woman with type AB blood marries a man with who is heterozygous for type A blood, what
are the chances that they will have a child with type AB blood?
Genetic Engineering
59. Explain how scientists used transgenic organisms to make human insulin available to diabetics.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
60. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of genetically modified crops.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Evolution
61. Complete the table of the evidence of evolution.
Evidence of Evolution Explain of the evidence supports the theory of evolution.
Fossil Record
Homologous
Structures
Genetics
Embryology
Geographic
Distribution of Species
62. Label the 3 different patterns of natural selection (stabilizing, disruptive and directional).
Keystone Review
Date _____
Name _________________
63. Create a scenario that shows directional selection on human height.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
64. Create a scenario that shows disruptive selection on human height.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
65. Create a scenario that shows stabilizing selection on human height.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
66. Populations of the same species of seal live on islands too far apart to swim between them for
mating.
a. behavioral isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. geographic isolation
67. Species of birds have elaborate courtship dances, and females select the best dancers as mates.
a. behavioral isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. geographic isolation
68. Varieties of oak tree produce pollen during different seasons, so they can’t pollinate one another.
a. behavioral isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. geographic isolation
69. Herds of caribou misinterpret each other’s mating behavior, so they fight instead of mating
a. behavioral isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. geographic isolation
Ecology
70. ________A group of organisms so similar they can reproduce and
have fertile offspring.
71. ________Includes all biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
72. ________All members of the same species living in an defined area.
73. ________The layer around the Earth where all organisms live.
74. ________All organisms living in a defined area.
75. ________A group of ecosystems with a similar climate
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Biome
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Species
Population
Community
Keystone Review
Date _____
Name _________________
76. In a diagram below what percentage of energy in the phytoplankton actually reaches the bass?
100%
________
________
________
77. Complete the diagram of symbiosis.
Type of Symbiosis
Description
Example
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
78. Why are decomposers a necessary part of an ecosystem?
____________________________________________________________________
79. What is ecological succession? ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
80. What are the differences between primary and secondary succession?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
81. What is the largest human threat to biodiversity in the rainforest? Why should we protect biodiversity?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
82. In the space to the right, draw a logistic
growth curve for a population of mice living
in a field if the carrying capacity of the field
is 325 mice.
Date _____
Keystone Review
Use the food web below to answer the following questions.
Name _________________
83. If the size of the rabbit population were to decrease, which of the following would most likely
happen?
a. The snake population will decrease.
b. The plant population will decrease.
b. The wild cat population will increase.
d. The jackal population will decrease.
84. If the size of the owl population were to decrease, what effect would that have on the size of the
mouse population? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________