Name ____________________________________
1.
How do chemists use Symbols, Formulas? a.
Symboli.
Give some examples: b.
Formulas - i.
Each capitalized letter starts a
.
Period ____________ ii.
Subscripts (written after and below each element’s symbol) represent the number of each atom in the compound.
iii.
The number
is
.
iv.
Give some examples: c.
Counting atoms: i.
If there is no number after an element, there is only one atom of the element in the compound ii.
Numbers outside parenthesis multiply only atoms inside the parentheses iii.
Examples:
1.
NaCl a.
Number of Na atoms = b.
Number of Cl atoms =
2.
H
2
SO
4 a.
Number of Na atoms = b.
Number of S atoms = c.
Number of O atoms =
3.
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3 a.
Number of Fe atoms = b.
Number of S atoms = c.
Number of O atoms =
2.
Ionic compounds a.
When ions with opposite charges come close to each other they attract and stick to each other like magnets and form ionic substances i.
Ions of opposite charges will always bond to create neutral compounds because neutral compounds are more stable (lower energy) than charged compounds ii.
Compounds formed from the combination of positive and negative ions are called
or molecules b.
The column or family an atom is in on the periodic table can be used to determine its charge:

Loose Loose Loose
-
-
-
+
Transition Metals
+
Don’t Apply
+
Depends
Gain Gain Gain
-
-
-
-
-
Noble
Gas
-
Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge
1.
What are the different types of ionic compounds? a.
There are two basic types of ionic compounds, binary ionic compounds and tertiary ionic compounds b.
Binary Ionic compounds – i.
The anions and cations in a binary ionic compound can have different charges, but they always bond together to make a neutral compound
Examples of How Ionic Compounds form:
N
-3
Na +1
Mg
+2
B
+3
Na
Mg
3
BN
3
N
N
2
O
Na
-2
2
O
MgO
B
2
O
3
F
-1
NaF
MgF
BF
3
2
1.
Formulas for ionic compounds a.
There are 2 ways to determine Binary ionic formula from the name of the compound: i.
Neutralize the charges: ii.
Criss Cross method:
2.
Naming Binary Compounds a.
To name a binary compounds: i.
Name the first atom ii.
Name the second atom iii.
Change the ending to
b.

3.
Tertiary ionic compounds a.
Polyatomic ions -
Examples of How tertiary ionic compounds form:
NH
4
+1
Mg
+2
B
+3
PO
4
-3
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
Mg
3
BPO
(PO
4
4
)
2
SO
4
(NH
MgSO
B
2
4
-2
)
(SO
2
4
4
SO
)
3
4
OH
NH
4
-1
OH
Mg(OH)
B(OH)
3
2
1) Tertiary Ionic compounds are the easiest to name because it is just a matter of naming the first and second part of the compound
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
BPO
4
(NH
4
)
MgSO
B
2
(SO
2
4
4
SO
)
3
4
NH
4
OH
Mg(OH)
B(OH)
3
2
2) How do you go from a name to a formula with ionic compounds? a) First determine if it an ionic or covalent compound: i) If it is an ionic compound then the name will not include any prefixes (mono-, di-, tri- ect.) ii) If it a covalent compound then the name will include prefixes iii) If there is a polyatomic anion present than it is an ionic compound b) Write the formula for the positive portion of the ion with its charge i) The positive portion of the ion is always the first element(s) ii) The charge of a polyvalent metal is always indicated by roman numerals c) Wright the formula for the negative portion of the ion with its charge i) The negative portion of the ion is always the second element(s) ii) If the negative portion ends in -ide it is usually just an element. Hidroxide (OH
-
) is an exception d) Determine the lowest whole number ratio of positive stuff to negative stuff that makes the compound neutral
Write the formula of for the following ionic compounds:
Nickle (II) hydroxide
Potassium nitrate magnesium sulfite ammonium chloride sodium floride
3) How do you go from a formula to a name with an ionic compound? a) First check to see if it is a covalent compound be seeing if it is a metal bound to a nonmetal or two non metals bound together i) If it is two non metals then it is probably covalent

ii) If it is metal bound to a non metal than it is ionic iii) If there is a polyatomic anion involved then it is ionic b) Name the positive portion of the ion first c) Name the negative portion of the ion second d) Write the charge of any polyvalent metal in roman numerals after its name i) If the positive portion is a polyvalent metal then you must determine the charge by looking at the negative component of the ion and determining its charge by assuming that the ion is neutral
Write the Name of for the following ionic compounds:
Ni(OH)
2
KNO
3
MgSO
3
NH
4
Cl
NaF a) Polyvalent Metals - i) The only way to determine the charge of the cation in a chemical formula is by looking at the charge of the
it is bound too and determining what the equal and opposite charge will be ii) When writing out the name of the compound that contains a polyvalent metal the charge of the polyvalent metal is distinguish by following it with a
Iron can have a charge of +2 or +3 so in a ionic compound:
If the iron is Fe
+2
it is written Iron (II) and is read as “iron two”
If the iron is Fe
+3
it is written as Iron (III) and is read “iron three”
For example when Fe+2 is bound to two chlorines:
The formula would be
2, and the name would be written
The formula would be
When Fe+3 is bound to three chlorines:
3
, and the name would be written
What would be the formula for Copper (I) sulfate?
2
4
What is the name of the following compound, Cu
3
(PO
4
)
2
?
Write the formulas for the following compounds: iron (II) chloride ________________ iron (II) sulfate iron (III) chloride ________________ iron (III) sulfate
________________
________________

Cu
3
PO
4
______________________ Cu
3
(PO
4
)
2
______________________
Pb(NO
3
)
4
______________________ Pb(NO
3
)
2
______________________
Lithium hydroxide ________________ aluminum hydroxide ________________