Schroders Weekly market watch Week ending June 17, 2016 Equities: Region / Country ASIA-PACIFIC Hong Kong India Japan Singapore South Korea Taiwan EUROPE France Germany Italy Russia U.K. AMERICAS Brazil Mexico NASDAQ U.S. U.S. Close Net Change Year-to-date Performance 52-week HSI BSE 30 Nikkei STI KOSPI WSE 20169.98 26625.91 15599.66 2763.42 1953.40 8568.08 (872.66) (9.84) (1001.70) (59.55) (64.23) (147.40) (7.96 %) 1.95% (18.04%) (4.14%) (0.40%) 2.76% (24.61%) (0.77%) (22.85%) (16.91%) (4.00%) (6.77%) CAC DAX FTSE MIB RTSI FTSE 100 4193.83 9631.36 16923.30 910.28 6021.09 (112.89) (203.26) (196.90) (14.37) (94.67) (9.56%) (10.35%) (20.99%) 20.24% (3.54%) (12.46%) (12.27%) (23.86%) (5.82%) (9.87%) IBOV IPC CCMP S&P 500 DOW 49533.84 45306.22 4800.34 2071.22 17675.16 111.68 128.72 (94.21) (24.85) (190.18) 14.27% 5.42% (4.14%) 1.33% 1.44% (6.98%) 1.15% (5.22%) (1.39%) (1.45%) Index Bonds 10 Year Gilt 10 Year BTAN 10 Year Bund 10 Year Japan 10 Year Treasuries Close 1.1450 0.4250 0.0180 -0.1480 1.6180 Previous 1.2350 0.3900 0.0210 -0.1470 1.6390 Yield Month ago 1.3700 0.4730 0.1330 -0.1090 1.7590 Year ago 2.0630 1.2380 0.8140 0.4840 2.3080 Base lending rates Prime Rates U.S. Canada Japan Britain ECB Switzerland Australia Hong Kong Latest 3.50 2.70 1.48 0.50 0.00 0.50 2.00 5.25 Percent change is for indication only; local currency except where stated. 6 months ago 3.25 2.70 1.48 0.50 0.05 0.50 2.00 5.25 12 months ago 3.25 2.85 1.48 0.50 0.05 0.50 2.00 5.25 Schroders Weekly market watch EQUITY MARKETS US U.S. stocks fell last week as investors focused on the potential consequences of a U.K. exit from the European Union, which had looked increasingly likely before the shocking murder of a pro-EU politician in northern England on Thursday. The tragedy may have increased support for the Remain camp. Growing uncertainty about the path for U.S. interest rate hikes and a fall in the oil price also weighed on sentiment. The S&P 500 fell 1.19% over the week to settle at 2,071.22, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 1.06% to 17,675.16 and the tech-heavy Nasdaq gave up 1.92% to 4,800.34. Microsoft announced Monday it had agreed to pay $26.2 billion in cash for professional social network LinkedIn, marking its biggest acquisition ever. The computer software giant will pay $196 per LinkedIn share, representing a 50% premium to the company’s previous closing price. Hair care and makeup company Revlon said Thursday it would pay nearly $420 million in cash for Elizabeth Arden, whose luxury skin-care products and perfumes are available in 120 countries, including the Asia-Pacific region, helping Revlon expand in high-growth markets. Twitter shares rose sharply Wednesday after the microblogging site confirmed it had acquired a stake in German online music platform SoundCloud, reportedly investing about $70 million, as the U.S. social network looks for ways to boost user growth and engagement with its service. German chemical maker BASF has agreed to pay $3.2 billion in cash for Albemarle’s Chemetall surface treatment business, the North Carolina-based Albemarle said Friday. The specialty chemicals manufacturer acquired Chemetall when it took over Rockwood Holdings in 2015. Software company Oracle on Thursday posted a net profit of $2.81 billion for the fiscal fourth quarter ended May 31, compared with a year-ago $2.76 billion, on better-than-expected revenue of $10.59 billion after its cloud-based revenue soared 51% to $859 million. UK London stocks rallied Friday after campaigning for the Brexit vote on June 23 was suspended following the murder of a pro-EU politician, which appeared to increase support for the Remain camp. The benchmark index still finished lower over the week, however, as investors fretted over recent surveys showing more Britons wanted to leave the EU, which many investors believe would have disastrous consequences for the economy. The FTSE 100 fell 1.55% to close at 6,021.09. Mulberry on Thursday posted a full-year pre-tax profit of GBP6.2 million, compared with a year-earlier profit of GBP1.9 million, as the luxury fashion house’s decision to boost its range of affordable products bore fruit. Total revenue rose 5% to GBP155.9 million, with retail sales up 8% to GBP118.7 million and online sales 19% higher at GBP21.4 million. BP has agreed to set up a joint venture with Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft to explore for oil and gas in Russia, the companies said Friday. The British oil major will invest up to $300 million in the joint-venture company Yermak Neftegaz, in which Rosneft will have a 51% stake and BP the remaining 49%. Shares in G4S fell sharply Monday after it emerged that the gunman responsible for the massacre of 49 people in a U.S. gay nightclub had worked for the U.K.-based security services company, raising concerns G4S may find it more difficult to win U.S. government contracts. Equipment hire company Ashtead announced a GBP200 million share buyback on Tuesday alongside robust fiscal fourth-quarter earnings that were boosted by the U.S. construction market where it does 80% of its business. Pre-tax profit for the quarter ended April 30 rose to GBP151.3 million from a yearago profit of GBP104.7 million, while revenue was up 18% to GBP666 million. Wal-Mart Stores announced Monday that Andy Clarke, the chief executive of its U.K. supermarket arm Asda for the past six years, would be replaced by Wal-Mart China boss Sean Clarke, as Wal-Mart Stores seeks to turn around its struggling British business. The reshuffle will happen in July. Europe (ex. UK) 2 European stocks retreated last week as investors fretted that the U.K. will exit the European Union, which many fear would trigger turmoil in global financial markets and severely impact the economy. The Eurofirst 300 closed down 2.19% to 1,280.11. Volkswagen unveiled ambitious plans Thursday to introduce more than 30 electric-powered cars over the next decade as well as step up development of battery technology, self-driving cars and digital Schroders Weekly market watch mobility services as the German automaker seeks to boost profitability and get past last year’s emissions-cheating scandal. Spanish fashion retailer Inditex on Wednesday posted better-than-expected earnings for the first quarter, defying the terror attacks, currency fluctuations and poor weather that have squeezed the profits of its competitors. The owner of Zara and Massimo Dutti said its net profit for the quarter ended April 30 rose to EUR554 million from a year-ago EUR521 million, as sales rose 12% to EUR4.88 billion. HSBC said Thursday it had agreed to pay $1.58 billion to settle a 14-year lawsuit involving shareholders of U.S. sub-prime lender Household International, which HSBC bought in 2003 and renamed HSBC Finance. The shareholders had accused Household International executives of engaging in misleading mortgage-lending practices. Swiss electronic components distributor Daetwyler Holding said Tuesday it had agreed to buy Premier Farnell, the British maker of the Raspberry Pi minicomputer, for GBP615 million. Finnish telecoms company Nokia will supply China Mobile with infrastructure and equipment to operate a flexible cloud network under a EUR1.36 billion framework agreement announced Monday. Japan Japanese stocks fell last week after the Bank of Japan’s decision to keep monetary policy steady sent the yen higher, eroding support for exporters, while growing concerns ahead of the U.K. referendum on staying in the European Union weighed on sentiment. The Nikkei 225 fell 6.03% to 15,599.66. Mitsubishi Motors said Friday it would pay a total of more than $600 million in compensation to owners of mini vehicles affected by the fuel economy scandal. Each owner would receive nearly $1,000 as part of reimbursement costs stemming from Mitsubishi’s admissions that it had used improper mileage tests. Japanese auto parts companies Tokai Kogyo and Maruyasu Industries and their U.S. subsidiaries have been charged with price-fixing, the U.S. Department of Justice said Wednesday. Five executives were also charged over their alleged involvement in the international conspiracy to rig bids and fix prices of sealing products and steel tubes. Nippon Paper Industries on Wednesday agreed to pay $285 million in cash for the liquids packaging board business of U.S. timber company Weyerhaeuser, which plans to use most of the after-tax proceeds to reduce its debt level. Asia-Pacific (ex. Japan) Chinese stocks declined last week after MSCI decided not to add mainland shares to one of its benchmark indexes while data showing a sharp slowdown in private investment last month fuelled concerns about the strength of the economy. The Shanghai Composite Index closed at 2,885.04 for a weekly loss of 1.44%. Hong Kong stocks slumped last week, tracking losses in global markets as anxiety over the possibility of the U.K. exiting the European Union sparked a stampede into safe-haven investments. The Hang Seng Index fell 4.15% to 20,169.98. Taiwanese stocks fell last week as investors braced themselves for export data and the U.K. vote on whether to quit the European Union. The Taiex closed at 8,568.08 for a weekly loss of 1.69%. Brexit fears also weighed on South Korean stocks last week as investors focused on the potential impact on the global economy if the U.K. were to cut ties with the European Union. The KOSPI tumbled 3.18% to 1,953.40. Singapore stocks were caught up in the global sell-off last week as investors reduced their exposure to risky assets ahead of the U.K. referendum on its membership in the European Union. The Straits Times Index fell 2.11% to 2,763.42. Emerging Markets 3 Brazilian stocks posted modest gains last week, defying the gloom in global markets, as investors went bargain hunting following the recent sell-off on the benchmark index. The Bovespa closed at 49,533.84 for a weekly gain of 0.23%. Mexican stocks rose on Friday, extending gains over the week, on the back of a rebound in oil prices and speculation that the murder of a pro-European Union politician in Britain could boost support for the U.K. Remain camp ahead of the June 23 referendum. The IPC rose 0.28% to 45,306.22. Indian stocks were almost unchanged over the week as investors traded cautiously ahead of the Brexit vote, while uncertainty over the timing of U.S. interest rate hikes also kept many on the sidelines. The BSE 30 fell 0.04% to 26,625.91. Schroders Weekly market watch Russian stocks fell last week as lower crude oil prices, the country’s main export earner, and uncertainty over the U.K. vote on whether to remain in the European Union eroded investor confidence. The dollardenominated RTSI closed at 910.28 for a drop of 1.55% ALTERNATIVE ASSETS U.S. crude oil prices retreated last week, dragged down by signs U.S. producers are ramping up output in response to the recent rally and fears British voters will decide to leave the European Union, triggering global financial and economic turmoil. The July contract for West Texas Intermediate, a benchmark for U.S. oils, fell 2.22% over the week to settle at $47.98 a barrel in New York. August Brent crude, a yardstick for most international oils, declined 2.71% to $49.17 a barrel in London. Gold prices rose last week as investors sought shelter in safe-haven assets after several surveys showed growing support for the campaign pushing for the U.K. to leave the European Union. Reduced expectations for a U.S. interest rate hike any time soon also increased the allure of bullion. Gold for August delivery rose 1.48% to $1,294.80. FIXED INCOME US 4 The yield on benchmark 10-year Treasuries closed at 1.6180% on Friday, down from the previous week’s finish of 1.6390%, as investors sought shelter in safe-haven assets ahead of the U.K. referendum on its membership in the European Union. Although Federal Reserve officials at large continued to project two 2016 interest rate hikes on Wednesday, Chairman Janet Yellen left plenty of doubt as to how soon even one of those moves might come. A 25 basis point increase in the federal funds rate was "possible" at the late July meeting of the Fed's policymaking Federal Open Market Committee, she said, after reiterating that every meeting was "live." But the bar for a July 27 hike is fairly high, judging from the concerns Yellen expressed about the "loss of momentum" in the labor market and her reassertion of the need to "proceed cautiously" as she spoke to reporters after the FOMC left the funds rate in a 25-to-50 basis point target range. "Uncertainty" and a "careful approach" were recurring themes throughout her news conference, seemingly indicating a lack of eagerness to take the next step in "normalizing" the funds rate, which has been unchanged since the FOMC first raised it in December after seven years near zero. The Fed chief left no doubt that she and her colleagues were taken aback by the surprisingly weak May employment report, which showed non-farm payrolls growing a mere 38,000 and prior months' payrolls being revised down by 59,000, even though other data point to a sizable second quarter GDP rebound. Uncertainty about the U.K.’s June 23 vote on leaving the European Union also "factored" into Wednesday's decision to stay on hold for now, she indicated. The U.S. May retail sales data released by the Commerce Department on Tuesday showed a healthy economy. Retail sales gained 0.5% last month, while sales ex-autos were up 0.4% and ex-motor vehicles and gas rose 0.3%, a little better than expected. Core sales gained 0.4%. March-to-April sales levels also were revised slightly higher. Sales were led higher by a 2.1% surge in gas sales on higher pricing, a 1.3% jump in sporting goods and a 1.3% gain in non-store sales. They would have been higher if not for a 1.8% decline in building materials and a 0.1% dip in furniture sales. Core sales appeared strong, with food up 0.5%, healthcare up 0.6% and clothing up 0.8% in its best gain since November. Motor vehicle and parts sales rose 0.5%. The spring surge in retail sales came after a slow first quarter and despite a poor May jobs report. Total sales were up 2.5% over the year. The consumer price index rose 0.2% in May, propelled by the biggest jump in shelter costs since early 2007, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Thursday. Without counting the shelter category, however, the CPI would have been up just 0.1% after the food index declined across all its major categories. Without food and energy, the core rate also rose 0.2% for the month, and this year is running at an annualized seasonally adjusted rate of 2.5%. Energy rose 1.2% as expected, with petrol up 2.3%, the third monthly increase in a row, but hardly denting petrol's accumulated drop of 16.9% over the 12 months through May. The Federal Reserve reported Wednesday U.S. industrial production fell 0.4% in May, with April revised down to a 0.6% increase from the previous estimate of 0.7%. Manufacturing was down 0.4% and 0.1% year over year, led by a sharp 4.2% drop in motor vehicles and parts. Manufacturing ex-motor vehicles was down 0.1%. Capacity utilization slipped 0.4 of a point in May to 74.9% from a revised 75.3% in April. Schroders Weekly market watch It's now 5.1 points below its long-run average. In manufacturing, output of durable goods was off 0.7% while non-durables was flat. Mining was up 0.2% after eight months of declines. Initial claims for U.S. state unemployment benefits rose 13,000, more than expected, to a level of 277,000 in the June 11 week, data released by the Labor Department on Thursday showed. Expectations for the week's data, which turned out to be the highest in five weeks, were for an adjusted claims level of 270,000, which would have been up 6,000 from the previous week's unrevised 264,000 level. The latest seasonally adjusted four-week moving average slipped 250 from the previous week's average of 269,500. The level of continuing claims for the June 4 week increased 45,000 to 2.16 million and the May 28 week was revised up 17,000 to 2.11 million. UK 5 The yield on 10-year Gilts fell to 1.1450% on Friday, compared with the previous week’s close of 1.2350%, as investors worried about the U.K. vote on whether to leave the European Union snapped up government bonds. The Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee voted unanimously to leave policy unchanged at its June meeting but said it would face a tricky policy trade-off if the country voted to leave the European Union on June 23. The minutes of the MPC's meeting, released Thursday, said a vote to leave would likely push down growth and drive up inflation, and it would then face a trade-off between stabilizing growth or unemployment. The committee said the sterling was likely to fall, perhaps sharply, on Brexit while both supply and demand in the economy would be hit. Recent opinion polls have suggested that the warnings of economic experts on the costs of Brexit have fallen on deaf ears, with the Leave camp ahead of the Remain campaign in polls. If the country votes to stay in the EU it is more likely than not that the Bank Rate would head higher, albeit gradually, the MPC agreed. The committee members stuck to the line that they would take whatever action was needed to ensure inflation expectations remained well anchored and that inflation would return to the target. The MPC said a vote for Brexit was the number one risk to U.K. – and perhaps global – financial stability. The U.K. unemployment rate dropped to its lowest level in more than a decade, as earnings growth confounded expectations to accelerate modestly, lifted partially by the introduction of the National Living Wage in April, data released by the Office for National Statistics showed Wednesday. Joblessness, as measured by the Labour Force Survey, fell to 5.0% in the three months to April, below expectations of 5.1% and the 5.1% level in the three months to February. That's the lowest rate of unemployment since August to October of 2005. Employment rose by 55,000 to 31.59 million, just below the market’s forecast of a 60,000 increase, while unemployment fell by 20,000 in the three months to April to 1.67 million. Wage growth accelerated in the month of April, boosted by the introduction of the National Living Wage, taking earnings for the three months to April above expectations. Wage growth was particularly pronounced in the retail sector, according to a National Statistics official. Regular earnings, which exclude bonuses, improved, running at an annual pace of 2.3% in the three months to April, above expectations of a 2.1% gain and up from 2.2% in the previous period. The improvement follows decelerating wage growth in the previous seven three-month periods. Regular earnings rose by an annual rate of 2.5% in the single month of April. Retail activity increased across the board in May, while strong sales in April were revised significantly higher, the Office for National Statistics said Thursday. Sales volumes jumped by 0.9% between April and May, well ahead of estimates of a 0.3% gain. On an annual basis, retail sales surged by 6.0%, topping expectations of a 4.0% improvement. Clothing and footwear, which account for 12.5% of total volume, surged by 4.3% in May, possibly due to warmer weather, according to a National Statistics official. Sales increased in all major sectors, with the exception of other stores, which fell by 2.7%. Sales over the month of April were revised sharply higher to show a 1.9% gain for a 5.2% annual rise, stronger than the originally reported 1.3% monthly increase and 4.3% year-on-year rise. Consumer price inflation steadied in May, while core inflation was also unchanged, official data showed Tuesday. The consumer price index rose by an annual rate of 0.3% last month, falling short of expectations of 0.4%, after rising by 0.3% in April. The annual outturn also fell short of the Bank of England staff forecast for May, up 0.4%, as reported in the May Quarterly Inflation Report. Transport prices fell by 1.0% in the year to May, a smaller decline than in the year to April, meaning the sector added 0.05 percentage point to the change in annual CPI. That was balanced by a 0.4% fall in clothing and footwear prices, which translated into a 0.05 percentage point decline in the change in annual CPI. Stripping out food and energy, annual core inflation steadied at 1.2% in May, below expectations of a 1.3% rise and unchanged from the 1.2% pace recorded in April. U.K. house price inflation eased slightly in April in the wake of an increase in stamp duty on buy-to-let and second-home purchases that took effect from April 1, according to data released by the Office for National Statistics on Tuesday. The series is produced jointly with the Land Registry, and replaces Schroders Weekly market watch indices previously released separately by the two agencies. The new house price index rose by 8.2% in the year to April, decelerating from the 8.5% annual pace recorded in March. The March outturn was the highest since October of 2014, and was most likely elevated by tax changes announced in the Autumn Statement last year. Under the old series, national house prices showed a 9.0% annual increase in March. Europe (ex. UK) 6 The yield on benchmark 10-year Bunds dropped to 0.0180% on Friday from the previous week’s close of 0.0210%, as investors braced for a possible Brexit after more polls pointed to growing support for the Leave camp. Eurozone industrial production rebounded firmly at the start of the second quarter, according to initial figures published Tuesday by Eurostat, as stronger-than-expected activity around the region's core helped snap a two-month streak of declines. Industrial output in April rose 1.1% on the month, Eurostat said, well ahead of expectations of 0.8% and up from the final March reading of a 0.7% decline (revised from -0.8%). When compared to April 2015, production advanced by 2.0%, Eurostat said, again ahead of the 1.5% figure anticipated by analysts. Eurozone durable consumer goods production led the April advance, Eurostat said, rising by 2.3%. Gains were also recorded in capital goods production, 1.9%, non-durable consumer goods, 1.6%, intermediate goods, 0.4%, and energy production, 0.4%, Eurostat said. The broader Eurozone reading follows stronger-than-expected figures from the region's largest economies that continue to point to modest, if not spectacular, second quarter GDP growth. France’s economy is set to grow by 1.6% this year, the fastest pace since 2011, the national statistics institute Insee said Thursday in its quarterly economic outlook. GDP growth, which measured 1.2% in 2015, will continue to be driven by low oil prices and rock-bottom interest rates, which are fueling gains in consumer spending and business investment, Insee said. "Although (oil) prices have rebounded recently, a barrel of oil at mid-2016 remains roughly half as expensive as at mid-2014," Insee said. "It's past decline is contributing to still very weak inflation, which is stimulating household purchasing power," it said. French inflation should average 0.3% over the course of the year, up from 0.0% last year. France's EU-harmonized inflation rate returned to positive territory for the first time in four months in May, according to the final estimate released by the national statistics institute Insee on Wednesday. HICP consumer prices rose by 0.1% on the year in May, up from a flash estimate of 0.0% and a 0.1% decline in April, Insee said. The final May increase was above the 0.0% median forecast among economists. Prices rose by a revised 0.5% on the month, up from a flash estimate of 0.3%, Insee said. Excluding volatile items like food and energy, core consumer prices rose at an annual rate of 0.7% in May compared with a 0.6% increase in April, Insee said. Prices turned positive in May as energy prices fell at an annual rate of 5.7%, less than the 6.8% drop in April, and food prices rose by 1.0%, more than double the 0.4% April increase, driven by a 5.8% rise in the cost of fresh produce. In other categories, prices of manufactured goods fell by 0.6% in May, matching a 0.6% April drop, while the cost of services rose by 1.0%, also matching a 1.0% gain in April. European Central Bank President Mario Draghi stressed Friday that Europe needed to work harder to build trust among and between its states and its citizens. In prepared remarks for a speech in Munich to honor the German politician and former Finance Minister Theodor Waigel, Draghi said that the region's states and institutions needed to push the case – and the benefits – of further integration more clearly and more effectively. "We have seen that the price of inaction is high. We have seen how it leaves the economy vulnerable to instability," Draghi said. "We have seen how the perceived impotence of public authorities in meeting the needs of their people feeds into frustration and rejection." He added: "And we have seen how that risks undermining trust in and support for our institutions – and even the European Union itself." Draghi’s remarks came just one week ahead of a key referendum in Britain that will determine the country's future in the EU. Draghi said the region's economic, financial and security needs could be more effectively met within a strong, cohesive Union. "I think that in many cases the evidence is already there for all to see," Draghi said. "But to move forward, and I believe it is in our interests to do so, will require us to draw on the qualities that made Theo Waigel a leader,” he added. The European Central Bank said Tuesday that its ultra-low interest rates had boosted households' interest income in Spain while weighing on that of Italian households. Overall, low interest rates have had a positive impact on demand in the currency union, helping along the recovery that is needed so interest rates can eventually rise again, the ECB said in an article in its Economic Bulletin. "The net interest income of the household sector has remained fairly stable in Germany and France, but less so in Italy and Spain," according to a study on low interest rates and households' net interest income. In Germany and France, the drop in interest earnings and payments largely cancelled out each other so that low rates had a "minimal effect" on the net interest income of the household sector as a whole, the Schroders Weekly market watch report said. In Italy, the drop in household interest earnings is more than twice as large as the drop in household interest payments. Japan The yield on 10-year Japanese government bonds sank deeper into negative territory, falling to 0.1480% from the previous week’s finish of -0.1470%, as concerns about the fragile Japanese economy and uncertainty over the Brexit vote increased the appeal of fixed-income assets. Japan's economy remained on a "moderate recovery" track with soft spots but the pace of record corporate profits brought on by the weak yen was slowing and inflation was weaker, the government said in its monthly economic report released Friday. While keeping its overall economic assessment, the government downgraded its view on corporate profits for the second straight month and noted the inflation rate was falling, the first downward revision since November 2014. Consumer spending, factory output and exports all remained flat, it said. The Bank of Japan board on Thursday decided by a majority vote to continue its massive asset purchases and charge 0.1% interest on a small portion of cash parked by lenders while keeping its optimism that inflation will rise towards its target of 2% after a recent slump. In the short term, the BOJ downgraded its view, saying: "The year-on-year rate of increase in the CPI is likely to be slightly negative or about zero percent for the time being, due to the effects of the decline in energy prices." Previously it said it would be around zero. But it added that "as the underlying trend in inflation steadily rises," the core inflation measure – which excludes volatile fresh food prices – was likely to "accelerate towards 2%." Bank of Japan Governor Haruhiko Kuroda on Thursday vowed to defend a fragile economic recovery and a bumpy road towards the bank's 2% inflation target with more monetary easing should the economy be hit by a drastic yen rise which would hurt exporter profits and overall sentiment. Kuroda also told reporters after the bank's two-day policy meeting that he still believed the bank could guide zero inflation to 2% in fiscal 2017, its latest and often-delayed timeframe. To this effect, he said: "We will examine risks to economic activity and prices at every policy meeting and take additional easing measures in terms of three dimensions – quantity, quality and the interest rate – if we judge them necessary for achieving the price stability target." 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