Applied Chemistry
Global Warming Unit
I.
Name ____________________________
Global Warming is the _______________ in the temperature of Earth due to the increase in
__________________________________.
II.
Greenhouse gases
A. Solar Radiation is energy from the ______________.
1. About 30% of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space by
___________________ and _______________________ in the atmosphere.
2. 47% is absorbed to warm the atmosphere, oceans, and land.
3. 23% powers the hydrologic cycle or ________________ cycle
a. The hydrologic cycle is the continuous cycling of ______________ into
and out of the atmosphere by ____________________________ and
_________________________________.
4. Earth’s warmed surface reradiates the absorbed radiation at lower energies as
infrared radiation.
5. Some molecules in the atmosphere absorb this lower energy
a. This _______________ and returns the radiation to the atmosphere.
b. This is known as the _________________________________________.
c. These atmospheric molecules, or ______________, are known as
__________________________________________.
B. Greenhouse Gases trap ________________ from the Sun on the Earth’s surface causing
the temperature of the earth to _________________________.
C. The most abundant greenhouse gas is _____________________ which is mostly
naturally occurring.
D. Other greenhouse gases include _____________________________,
______________________________,
______________________________, and
____________________________________________.
1. Most greenhouse gases occur ___________________.
2. The increase in the amount of greenhouse gases is due to
________________________________________.
3. Anthropogenic means ________________________________.
a. Water (H2O) – colorless, odorless nonflammable gas

Most abundant greenhouse gas
b. Carbon dioxide (CO2) - colorless, odorless nonflammable gas

The most prominent greenhouse gas in earth's atmosphere

Results from the combustion of __________________, __________,
and ________________________.

____________________________ is logging for lumber, pulpwood,
and fuel wood.
c. Methane (CH4) - A colorless, odorless, __________________ gas

Methane comes from _______________________, coal mines,
__________, natural gas, and ____________________.

It represents 9% of total emissions.

It is formed when plants decay and where there is very little air. It is
often called ______________________ because it is abundant
around water and swamps.

____________________ that breakdown organic matter in wetlands
and bacteria that are in the gut of ________________ (cows, sheep,
goats, buffalo, termites, camels) produce _____________ naturally.

It stays in the atmosphere for only ______ years, but traps ______
times more heat than carbon dioxide.
d. Nitrous oxide (N2O) – colorless gas, sweet odor

Nitrous oxide is emitted through the use of nitrogen _____________,
from burning ____________________, disposing of human and
animal waste in ____________________________ treatment plants,
automobile exhaust

5% of total emissions

Anesthetic - deadens pain; aka ______________________________

Nitrous oxide released today will still be trapped in the atmosphere
___________ years from now.
e. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) nonreactive, nonflammable gases and ________________liquids.

CFCs are used in _________________, ____________________,
and _____________________________.

In ________________, CFCs were banned in the US. In 1987, over
180 countries signed the Montreal Protocol to ban CFCs

The substitute for CFCs are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

HFCs do not harm or breakdown the ozone molecule, but they do
trap ________________ in the atmosphere, making it a greenhouse
gas, aiding in global warming.

The way to reduce emissions of this gas is to be sure that in both
devices the coolant is _______________________ and all leaks are
properly fixed. Before throwing the appliances away, be sure to
recover the ____________________ in each.
E. Earth’s average surface temperature is 15oC (____oF) due, in part, to the presence of
_______________________ and __________________________________.
1. Without these gases, Earth’s surface temperature would be –18oC (_____oF).
F. Causes for increased levels greenhouse gases in our atmosphere
1. Deforestation
a. Trees use ______________________________ from the atmosphere to
make food.
b. Trees are being cut down for development and other uses.
c. Because _______________ carbon dioxide is removed, the amount of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere _________________________.
2. Burning of Fossil Fuels
a. Fossil fuels include
____________________________,
____________________________, and
_________________________________, also known as
_______________________________.
b. Fossil fuels originate from _________________________ and
_____________________________.
c. Pressure, heat, and microbes convert once living matter into fossil fuels
over __________________________ of years.
d. Fossil Fuels contain _______________________________.
e. When burned, they produce ______________________________ and
___________________________________, two greenhouse gases.
III.
Affects of Global Warming on the Environment
A. Increase in the ____________________________________ of the Earth.
B. Increase melting of the ______________________________, which results in a
_______________________________ sea level.
C. Coastal areas will be affected by the higher ___________________________.
D. Changes in the ________________________ patterns on Earth.
E. ______________________________ of the ocean is disturbed.
1. Salinity is the concentration of dissolved _____________________.
2. A change in salinity creates problems for_____________________________.
IV.
Ways to Combat Global Warming
A. Find alternative energy sources, “green sources.”
1. Green energy sources do/do not contribute to the production of greenhouse
gases.
2. Green energy sources include __________________________________,
___________________________________,
___________________________________, and
___________________________________.
B. _______________________ paper, plastics, and aluminum products.
C. Conserve ______________________________.
V.
The Renaissance of Nuclear Power
A. Oil is used to produce _________________ and as a starting material for the production
of medicines, carpet, clothing, plastics, and artificial limbs.
B. Currently, about 50% of total energy needs in the US are met by burning ____________.
C. Burning oil increases the level of __________________________________ gases.
D. There is an increase in the demand for oil worldwide.
E. Costs for oil are __________________________.
F. Oil is a _______________________________________ resource.
1. What is Renewable Energy?
a. Renewable energy sources can be _________________________ in a
short period of time.
b. The five renewable sources used most often are:
1. __________________________ - including wood and wood
waste, municipal solid waste, landfill gas, and biogas, ethanol, and
biodiesel
2. __________________________ (hydropower)
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________
G. There is an increased ____________________ for energy today and for the foreseeable
future.
H. Nuclear power plants do/do not contribute to the production of greenhouse gases.
I. Nuclear power plant safety has been improved since the accidents at
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
J. More/less energy is generated by a nuclear power plant than that by a coal-fired plant
based on per gram of fuel used.
VI.
Sustainable Development
A. Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs of the
___________________ without _____________________________ the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
B. Sustainable Energy involves
1. Development of new technologies
2. Energy _____________________
3. Conservation
4. Expanded use of _________________________ energy