Level 3 Final Exam Review Sheet 2011
Human Evolution
1. To what Order do Homo sapiens belong? ________________________
2. To what Family do Homo sapiens belong? _____________________
3. Name two characteristics of primates:
4. Walking upright is known as ____________________.
5. Name 3 anatomical changes that took place to enable our ancestors to walk on 2 legs:
6. Name 3 changes in the skull or teeth that have taken place over the course of human
evolution:
7. Place the following hominids in order from oldest (1) to youngest (6):
Homo habilus
Neanderthals
Homo sapiens
Homo erectus
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus (Lucy)
8. Who was the first hominid to eat meat? _____________________
9. Who was the first hominid to walk upright? ______________________
10. Who was the first hominid to make tools? ________________________
11. Based on DNA evidence, it is believed that humans and _______________ evolved from a
common ancestor.
12. Which hominid had the smallest brain size (cranial capacity)? ____________________
13. Which hominid had the smallest face/least protruding jaw? ____________________
Cells
14. Which type of microscope did we use in class? ____________________
15. The ability of the microscope to distinguish between two objects is called
________________________________.
16. This is the measurement of the amount a microscope can enlarge an image.
________________________________
Matching. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote: For numbers 17-23 use the following answer options:
A = Prokaryotes only
B = Eukaryotes only
C = Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
17. Contains DNA
18. Contains chloroplasts.
19. Contains a cell membrane
20. Contains a nucleus
21. Contains mitochondria
22. A bacteria is an example
23. Onion root cells are an example
Multiple Choice - Select the best answer for each question below.
24. The ______________________ determines what enters and leaves the cell.
25. The control center of the cell is the _______________________.
26. What organelle is the site of protein synthesis? _______________________
27. Organisms that move require a lot of energy. Where in the cell is energy made?
____________________________
Matching. Plant cells vs. Animal cells: For the numbers 28-32, use the following answer
options:
A = Plant cells only
B = Animal cells only
C = Both plant cells and animal cells
28. Contains centrioles
29. Contains chloroplasts
30. Contains ribosomes
31. Contains many small vacuoles
32. Contains a cell wall
Multiple Choice - Select the best answer for each question below.
33. In the diagram of the cell above, what is structure #3? ___________________________
34. In the diagram of the cell above, what is structure #1? ___________________________
35. In the diagram of the cell above, what is structure #10? ___________________________
36. In the diagram of the cell above, what is structure #8? ___________________________
Cell Transport
37. If someone spills perfume in the front of the room, people in the back of the room can soon smell
it. This is an example of __________________.
38. When a cell uses energy to transport a particle through the cell membrane to an area of higher
concentration, the cell is using __________________________ transport.
39. The plasma membrane is said to be _______________________________________, meaning
that it allows certain substances to pass through but blocks out others.
40. If the concentration of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell, which of the
following will happen by osmosis? (water will enter cell/water will leave cell)
41. The diffusion of water is referred to as ______________________.
42. During diffusion, molecules tend to move from an area of _______________ concentration to an
area of _________________ concentration.
43. Materials move in the manner described in number 42 until a state of ________________
is reached.
44. Molecules that are too large to be moved through the cell membrane can be transported
into the cell by ____________________ found embedded within the cell membrane.
45. Look at the diagram to the right.
Water molecules are shown by circles.
Salt molecules are shown by squares.
Draw an arrow to indicate the direction
water molecules will move.
For numbers 46-48, refer to the figure below which shows transport through the cell
membrane.
46. The structure labeled A is a __________________________.
47. The circle part above labeled E is a __________________.
48. The area labeled ________ has the greatest concentration of ions in solution.
Cell Respiration/Enzymes
49. Name the 4 phases of aerobic cellular respiration in order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
50. Which phase of cellular respiration does not take place in the mitochondria?
_______________________________
51. In cellular respiration, the production of ATP relies on the diffusion of (hydrogen/oxygen)
ions across the mitochondrial membrane.
52. Which phase in the process of cellular respiration does NOT produce ATP?
_______________________________
53. Which phase of cellular respiration can still occur when little or no oxygen is present?
_______________________________
54. What process follows the answer to question 53 when no oxygen is present?
_______________________________
55. Cellular respiration occurs in what part of the cell? ________________________
56. Your muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation when you run out of _______________
gas.
57. NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) enter the
___________________________ chain to produce ATP.
58. Which phase of aerobic respiration results in the production of the most ATP?
_____________________________
59. Where does the electron transport chain take place? _______________________
60. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and glucose and gives of ___________ and
___________.
61. Enzyme names usually end in what 3 letters? ______________
62. This is the substance acted on by an enzyme. _________________________
63. Enzymes catalyze reactions by ___________ the activation energy of the reaction.
64. The enzyme reacts with the reactant when the reactant attaches to a special region on the
enzyme called the ____________________.
65. Look at the graph below. What is the optimum pH for the enzyme trypsin?
.
Photosynthesis
66. ______________________ are organisms that carry out photosynthesis.
67. The color of an object is determined by the wavelength of light that is ________________.
68. Leaves turn red, orange, and yellow in the fall because colder temperatures cause the
pigment __________________________ to break down.
69. Photosynthesis takes place in what organelle? _________________________
70. Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? ____________________
71. The light-dependent reaction includes how many different photosystems? ______
72. The light independent reaction is also known as the __________________ cycle.
73. _________________ are examples of producers.
74. Photosynthesis uses water, carbon dioxide and sunlight and gives off ______________
and ____________________.
75. This photosynthetic pigment gives leaves their green color in the spring and summer:
______________________________.
76. This is the energy currency of cell generated by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
__________
77. ___________________ requires oxygen, while ___________________ does not.
78. What gas is taken up from the atmosphere during the final stage of photosynthesis?
______________________________
79. In graph A what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?
80. In graph B, what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as the temperature increases?
Ecology
81. The living or _____________ components of an ecosystem include the populations of
plants and animals
82. _________________ are organisms that make food for themselves, usually through
photosynthesis
83. _______________________ are animals that eat plants only.
84. _______________________ are animals that eat other animals only.
85. ______________________ are organisms that break down dead, organic waste for food.
86. __________________________ is an example of an abiotic factor.
87. Energy flow in an ecosystem begins when producers get their energy from the ________.
88. Birds such as robins sometimes eat caterpillars (which eat leaves). Robins are an
example of a ______________________ consumer.
Questions 89-91 refer to the figure below, which shows the feeding relationships in an
Antarctic ecosystem.
89. The figure above represents a food ___________.
90. The _____________________ in the diagram above are.
91. Leopard seals are ______________________.
Worms
92. Earthworms have a ______________ which grinds their food. They swallow small stones
to help with this process.
93. All worms breathe their ______________, so they need to live in moist environments.
94.In earthworms and leeches, the _______________ is responsible for digesting their food.
95. In both types of worms studied, the ____________ sucks in the food.
96. Planaria have ______________ to detect light, _________________ to detect chemicals,
and a ________________ to help them learn mazes.
97. In planaria and flukes, food is digested inside a hollow tube called a _____________.
98. Flatworms and earthworms are both ______________________, meaning they have both
male and female reproductive organs.
99. ______________________ can grow to be up to 60 feet in length inside of a person's
intestine. They feed on the host's digested food. Infections can be prevented by proper
sewage treatment, meat inspections, and thoroughly cooking your meat.
100. _______________________ have a brain and can learn to go through mazes. They are
capable of regeneration, in which their bodies break into fragments, and each fragment grows
into a whole new worm.