TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
advertisement
BIOLOGY CH13 TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION Name________________ TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 25pts As we approach the holiday season for many students it is a time in which we anticipate gifts we will receive from our parents. From the biological perspective the gifts our parents gives us are both simple and complex, but most importantly its information in the form of a molecule of DNA that codes for the 20,000 different proteins that we are made of. The table below is often referred to as the Genetic Code. It lists the mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids. With this table we are able to unravel the code of the central dogma of biology and follow the sequence of information transfer from DNA to RNA and ultimately amino acid sequence. The Genetic Code: mRNA & Amino Acids Using the DNA sequence that follows please list the complimentary mRNA strand, and the amino acid sequence or protein that will be produced DNA sequence TAC CCC ACA GAG GTG TGT GAC CCC AAA TTT TTA TTA ATT mRNA sequence ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ AMINO ACID Sequence ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ MODELING TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS For this activity you will work in groups of 3-4 students. You will be given a variety of materials, and you must model transcription, translation and protein synthesis. For this activity I want you to make up the gene sequence, the mRNA with codons that corresponds to the appropriate Amino acid. For each amino acid it will be sufficient for you to use the 3 letter abbreviation given in the table, for example Phe actually represents the amino acid Phenylalanine. Each student will be responsible to complete and submit the assignment sheet and questions. The players… DNA Molecule -with a gene sequence of your own creation that starts with TAC RNA Polymerase – to be used to open the helix and synthesize mRNA mRNA molecule -that compliments the DNA sequence rRNA molecule -that shows its relative size, and the fact that its made of 2 parts at least 3 tRNA’s with anticodons and the appropriate amino acids, make sure you can identify the tRNA structure and make it distinct from the amino acid. I will ask that you create your molecular models and demonstrate the process to me. You may choose to create an iMovie to capture the animation. The best demonstration will receive 5 extra credit points. HOMEWORK QUESTIONS 1. Did modeling these molecules help you understand transcription and translation? Why/how? 2. How many different tRNA molecules exist? 3. What are the 3 major types of proteins and give an example of each. 4. Explain why a change in DNA sequence results in poor protein function. The following is a copy of the gene for the protein called keratin. Keratin is a structural protein found in you skin and hair which is largely made up of repeating helical amino acid sequence. You have five minutes to decode the DNA into mRNA and give me the amino acid sequence. Just kidding…… but check out the code! Remember keratin has a helical structure and will have regularly repeating amino acid sequences. See if you can find one! Homo sapiens chromosome 17, GRCh37.p5 The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type Icytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] LOCUS NC_000017 4773 bp DNA Homo sapiens chromosome 17, ORGANISM Homo sapiens Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. 1 61 121 181 241 301 361 421 481 541 601 661 721 781 841 901 961 1021 1081 1141 1201 1261 1321 1381 1441 1501 1561 1621 1681 1741 1801 1861 1921 1981 2041 2101 2161 2221 2281 2341 2401 2461 2521 2581 2641 2701 2761 agatatccgc gcgccaggtg tccgtccgtg gtccttcgga gcccagcatt gtcctcgtcc cgggctgctg ctacctggac cgactggtac catccaggac gccgcggaaa ccgttaggac gggcaggacc cagggcagat cgaagaaggg gagtgcccag ttggtgatct cctgcattcc cctcccactc cccctgggcg gtggcagctc taaggggcct cgtaaagaaa caaacagatc accaggagga aaattgtgac tggccaaggt taaaatcctg atcccagcta cagtgagccg aaaaaaaaaa agcgagctgt gtatcaaaaa tctttttctc caattctcac aaaaaactac ggcggaggcg accccgtctc gtcccagcta cagtgagccg aaaaaaaccc cacctggtgc ttattcaatg ggggtgaact tacccactga gcacataatt tagtgggggg ccctgacacc agggcctcgc ctccgcctcg ggcctgggcg cacgggggct tcctcggggg gcgggcaacg aaggtgcgcg cagaagcagg ctgcgggaca cccagccccg gtgggaaggt tcggggctgg aagtgggtgg acgcgggtca aggtctaggc ggtccacccg gtttctctgg tcccgccctg gggtaaagga cttgtcgggg gaggggtagg tgtatcagaa cccaaaatat agcgctagag ctacaggggc gggaggattg tctctactaa cctgggaggc agattgcgcc aaaaaaaaaa acgtgatcag aaaaaaaaaa acctctgtgt catactaaga acaatcggcc ggcggatcac tactaaaaat ctcaggaggc agatcgcgac caaaaaacaa cttgactaat ataagctggc tggatgaggc cctagcagtg gatactcaac ggcaggtata attcctccct cgctcctccc ccatgacttc gcggctccgt ccggcggccg cctacggcgg agaagctaac ccctggaggc ggcctgggcc aggtgggcgg cgggccgggc ccacaggtgg atgcagaggc ggcctctgga gcgaggcctg caggggccgc gggccagtct ccggaagggt gggcccattc gggaggcttg aaagaacgga gcttggtctc gccatggaac tttccagtgc atgtcaacag tgggcactgt cttgagcccc aaatacaaaa tgaggcagga attgcacttc aaaaaaagga tgccactgca ttgcgacaat gtgtgtgtgc gaaatcccct gggcgcggtg gaggtcagga acaaaaaaaa tgaggcagga gctgcactcc aaccaaaaaa gagtgatgac tgttgtgaat atcatcctaa aggttccaga aaatgggatt gacaaaatct tcccccctcc gcgaatcgca ctacagctat gcgttttggg cggcgtatcc cggctacggc catgcagaac ggccaacggc ctcccgcgac aggcccggcc gaggttccag ggccgagtaa cggggtggtg ggtggcgggg aagagtggga gctgccgcag tgccccctct ctagtgttca gtttaggaag gtaaacctct tctgcgtcac cacccagagg atttacagcc tgtactcgtg ccaacaaaaa ggctcacgcc aggagttcga attagctggg gaattgctgg agtctcggcc attagcttgg ctccagcctg aagtacattt gtgcacatgc ctgatatttt gctcatgcct gatccagacc attagctggg gaatggcgtg agcctgggtg cccccccaaa ctgctctttg gcgcctctta actttagttt agctataaaa ctcttccctg accccccatc accggccgcg gcttctgaga cgccagtcgt ccgggggtcg gtgtcctccg ggcgtcctga ctcaacgacc gagctagagg tacagccact gcgggaagtg gcggggcggc agggggacag gaaaggggag gcaaggttgg ggagatggga gaagatgcga gccaccgcag tccctctcag aatgggagag gctggggagg acgctcttac gaaggagaaa gcacacgctg gcatagaccc cagtgcttta tgtaacccca gatcagcctg cgtggtggtg aacccaagag acagagcgag catggtggcg gggcaacaca tactacgcac acacacacaa gtagcctatt gtaatcccag atcctggcta cgtggtggag aacccgggag acagagcgag acacaaaact aaaaacagaa ggtcagtaag ccacctctgt gatgagattc ggggcaaaat tggtttatag ggcataaaag ccagggttgc cggccacgtc cctttcgcgc cccgctttgt ccgcgtccga gcctggcctc tgaagatccg actacacgac cagtgcacct gggcaggagc gagacgtgcg gagaactggg agccccggga cccggctgta gagtttggct cgtagggcct gctttggcct ccggtcgtgg acccagtaca aggggaaccc tttttcgagt ggtctcccaa agacccacag cacacttgta gcactttggg gcaaacatgg catgcctgta gcggaggctg agtccgtctc tgtgccttgc gcgagaccct ccttacgcat atgggtgaca ctgttgcatt cactttggga acacggtgaa ggcgcctgta gcggggcttg actctgtctc atacaatcac cacaattacc acctcaggtt aagataggag aaagtgcctg atgcttcgca acccccttca 2821 2881 2941 3001 3061 3121 3181 3241 3301 3361 3421 3481 3541 3601 3661 3721 3781 3841 3901 3961 4021 4081 4141 4201 4261 4321 4381 4441 4501 4561 4621 4681 4741 ggccatttag tgccctcccc tggactgttt tttggtctct tgagtgggca ttggtgccac cagatgactt ggtaggggtt cccctatgga ctgcctggct cgtggaggcc cgacctggag tgaggaggtg agactctttt ctgggtgtgg ccccagtgct ggaagtgacc tctttacagg gattccgctc gtcatggccg gggaagcagg tctgactcaa aggtcgctgg gcacccttca caccgccgcc ccggtggctg ccctatcctc gcccagctgg cgagctgata ctggagcagg aatttgtctg gagggtgtct tgacctgcca agtttcattg cacccaagtc gcaaggcctc agggtgccgg gtgcctgtgt cattgagaac ccgaaccaag ggggggttta ctcctgaact gcaactattt gacatcaacg atgcagatcg ggtttgaagc attctgtatt gatcatggat agttactagg tgggccaggc aaatcagtac cgggcaccga agcagaaccg caccctttgg tgcttattcc ccacacggag gggtcttgag gcttccctgt tgcccatgcc agaaagctgc cgcatatcca gtgagcggca agattgccac cctccaaggt tctgggtaga ataaaaattt cacacaggtc cccctggctc ccagagagcg ggtatattca gttgaactgg tccaggattg tgagtgtctc gaatctgccc ctggggaggt cctttgaaag gcctgcgcag aaggcctgaa tgggcctttc ctctgaccgt cccagggttc cctgcacctg ccagtggggt gctgaggggc tctcgccaag gaaggatgct gggttaggaa ctcttcttcc cagctccaga attgagctgc gcaattcaca ctctccggga cttggaagac ggcgctgatc gaatcaggag ctaccgcagc cctctgaggc gggatgggaa atggtccaag tcagagattt cagttttctt ggccaatggg tttgctcccc taccaacctc tcctgcagat tgtcctgggg tcacctagcc agggaagtct gtttgagacg ggtgctggat ggaagagctg ttccatcctt ggtaacactt caagaggaat aaaactaagc ctgggccctg caagtgggag atcctgagtg gaagcctggt ggggagggct tctctctgca tgagcaggtc agtcacagct cttataccct accaggctct acactggcag agcggtattg taccagcggc ctgctcgagg agcaggctct ggaagggacc gga cctccccagg cctgccccag cggcagatgc tctctcttct tgcctctgcc cgacaatgcc gctgcagaag tagatggcct tcagagatgc gaacaggctc gagctgaccc gcctacctga ccctaacctc ggtgcaccct cagtgatgac ccctttagcc acatgcccat gccaggtcag acatgcgaag tcaccagccg ttgtgttccc gactgaagaa cgaggttact gagcatggta tgcagcctag gctgagtcac aaacggaggc aagcccagct tcatggacat gacaggaaga ggggcttctg cttacccccg cttgccttcc cttctgggca tggctagggc gggaagaaag ttccagattc cgtctggctg ccaggactgg gaagctaacc tgaggaagct tgcgcatgag tggccaggac agaagaacca ccagggctga caccatggcc ccagtctgtc tgaagggtgg ctctgctgta tgtggaggtg ccaatatgag ggtaggtaga tacgcgaagg ttgaaccggg gacctgcggc tgtgtccccc ggcagcctgg aaccccctct gcgctttgga gggcgatgtg caagtcgcgg tcactacaac ctgtcctttg gctcttctcc My Trip to become the Keratin Protein Pretend that you are a PROTEIN. Fill in the blanks to tell about your trip through cycle of transcription and translation . Hi. My name is the __________________________. I started out as DNA sequence way down in the cell's _________________________. One day, I needed to make a copy of myself called a messenger _______ strand. I went from being DNA to _________quickly with the help of my friend RNA______________________. Before I knew what was happening, I shot out of the nucleus through a channel called a nuclear ___________. Well, I was okay with that. I thought I looked pretty cool. As I floated out into the cytoplasm, I started to notice that I was being drawn to a large RNA molecule that was acting like an enzyme called the _______________________. The next thing I knew we were joined by many strange looking molecules carrying amino acids called _____________ . When it was all over, I noticed that I had become a ____________________ ! I am going to go out with my buddies, and do all the things cells need to do to have fun and be productive. I noticed that my amino __________ sequence made me very attractive. In fact I found myself coiling to form an alpha ___________. I continued to coil on myself and form a super____________ just like people shoelaces!!!which is the motif we find in the common structural protein keratin, which OF COURSE is my name.
