Horticulture Lowest
Performing Standards
11.20.2015─
Overview- Lowest Standards
OA 7- Describe plant responses to light color, intensity, and duration
OB 8- Explain the requirements necessary for photosynthesis to occur and identify the products and
byproducts of photosynthesis.
OC 7 - Examine the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients to plant growth.
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OC 8- Identify major local weeds, insect pest and infectious and noninfectious plant diseases in
horticulture crops.
OE 1- Discuss how imports and exports impact the horticulture markets in the US and abroad.
OE 2- Interpret how horticulture crop production varies based on geographic location within Kentucky
and the US and economic impact therein.
OE 7- Develop production, maintenance and harvest schedules for horticulture crops.
OA 7- Light Color, Intensity and Duration
IMPORTANT NOTES:
When analyzing this standard and looking at why it is low performing, the committee determined that as
teachers, we are not placing much emphasis on this content. While all of us on the committee taught this
information, it was more in passing and not a center of focus.
Useful Resources:
Videos:
1) This YouTube video is a time lapse video showing plants following light. :34min.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHe7y8cy-7Y
2) This link has a variety of videos of phototropism (and other tropisms)
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/tropism/tropisms.html
3) This YouTube video explains light quantity, quality, and duration. 4:15 min.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaeDcO3Pk8g
4) This YouTube video shows a light intensity experiment. 2:28 min.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOgquLx4JLo
5) YouTube video - Photoperiod explained 7:28 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UW1NH02jV0Q
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Basic Information: If you do not have a textbook with basic information on this topic, the follwoing link
may be helpful as it is simple and easy to ready text relating to color, intensity and duration:
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/142.html
Virtual Lab Activities:
Effects of light Color – Glencoe Virtual Lab
http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/LS12/LS12.html
Plant Responses Virtual Biology Labs https://www.classzone.com/books/hs/ca/sc/bio_07/virtual_labs/virtualLabs.htm
Other Glencoe Virtual Labs: http://biologycorner.com/worksheets/virtual_labs_glencoe.html
Lab Activities:
1) http://www.udel.edu/MERL/Outreach/Teacher's%20Guide/2.%20Effects%20of%20color%20on
%20plant%20growth%20TE.pdf
2) http://www.troy.k12.ny.us/old%20sites/thsbiology/labs_online/school_labs/plantgrowth_lab_sch
ool.html
OB 8- Photosynthesis
IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. When analyzing this standard and looking at why it is low performing, the committee determined
that there is a good chance that the rigor in which photosynthesis is being taught is not high
enough. More emphasis needs to be placed on the actual chemical equation of photosynthesis…
6CO2 + 6H20 → C6H12O2 + 602
While it is very important for students to know what each component of the equation is, students
need to recognize each component in its chemical form as well.
2. We think it would also be beneficial to increase the rigor in what terminology we use while
teaching photosynthesis. For example, rather than saying photosynthesis produces sugars we
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could instead use the term glucose. Then we can explain that glucose is a carbohydrate and
provides energy to the plant.
Carbon Dioxide plus Water in the presence of Sunlight GIVES US Glucose and Oxygen
3. We also feel that it is important to teach what a byproduct is and how it relates to photosynthesis.
For example, look at the following definition....
by-product (bī'prŏd'əkt) - Something produced in the process of making something else. When plants produce carbohydrates by
photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a by-product.
4. Also worth noting is...REVIEWING IS KEY! Due to the way courses are laid out and the many
different schedules that teachers follow, it has often been since the fall semester or even a
student's 9th grade year since they have been taught about photosynthesis. If at all possible find a
day or two in February or early March to devote to reviewing photosynthesis.
Below, you will find links to various recourses regarding photosynthesis. We feel that there are numerous
useful resources here and we hope that you find them helpful. Included are labs, classroom activities,
lesson plans, and unit plans.
Useful Resources for the Standard 0B 8:
Photosynthesis Lab
http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/ap/biomanual/Bio_Lab5-Photosynthesis.pdf
Photosynthesis Online Virtual Lab
http://www.northernhighlands.org/cms/lib5/NJ01000179/Centricity/Domain/38/photosynthesis-virtuallabs.pdf
Light Colors on Plant Growth Virtual Lab
http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/LS12/LS12.html
Interactive Photosynthesis Game
http://www.wonderville.ca/asset/photosynthesis
Virtual Photosynthesis Lab
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/photosynthesis_sim.html
COP Photosynthesis Unit
http://communities.naae.org/docs/DOC-11652
Photosynthesis Foldable Lab Activity
http://communities.naae.org/message/22365#22365
Multiday Photosynthesis Lesson
http://communities.naae.org/docs/DOC-14694
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OC 7- Macro and Micro Nutrients
Macro and Micro Nutrients
Macronutrients- 3 main nutrients that plants need for survival
Nitrogen-N- aids in plant growth, reproduction and development. One of the most abundant nutrient but
nitrogen deficiency is one of the most common among plants. Nitrogen from the air is not readily
available to all plants. Nitrogen is a major component of chlorophyll
Deficiency- plant stunting, yellowing, older tissue is affected first.
Tomato Plant
Geranium
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Excess- excess foliage growth, dark green leaves, can delay maturity in plants which will affect
flowering and vegetable production.
Geraniums
Tomato
Potassium-K-required for plant growth and reproduction, helps improve overall health of the plant and
helps aid in fighting off diseases. The lack of potassium can affect quality factors of plant production such
as size, shape, color and vigor.
Deficiency- translocate from older to younger tissue, usually occurs first in the lower leaves of the plant,
and progresses upward. Yellow scorching or firing around the leaves margins occur.
Tomato
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Geraniums
Excess- Rapid growth in quality factors of plant production such as size, shape, color and vigor.
Phosphorus-P- aids in normal growth and maturity. P plays a role in photosynthesis, respiration, energy
storage, and transfer.
Deficiency- stunting of the plant during early growth stages, the plant can become bluish green in color
with leaves and stems becoming purplish.
Excess- rapid growth
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Geraniums
Tomato
Secondary Nutrients- needed by the plant in larger amounts than micronutrients, but enough is normally
presented in the soil that fertilization is not needed.
Calcium - aids in the compounds that make up the plant cell walls.
Magnesium- aids in photosynthesis, phosphate metabolism, and respiration. Required to capture the sun’s
energy for photosynthesis.
Deficiency- lower leaves are affected first, causes striking through the leaves.
Sulfur-aids in the formation of proteins, helps in photosynthesis and winter hardiness.
Micronutrients- nutrients essential for plant growth which are needed in a very small quantity.
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Boron- aids in production of sugar and carbohydrates, essential for seed and fruit development
Copper- important for plant reproduction, aids in root metabolism
Chloride- aids in plant metabolism
Iron- essential for the formation of chlorophyll
Manganese- aids in breaking down carbs, nitrogen, and metabolism
Molybdenum- helps in the use of nitrogen,
Zinc- part of plant growth regulation, regulates sugar consumption.
Extracted from the Air
Oxygen- used in respiration, byproduct of photosynthesis
Carbon – used in photosynthesis, byproduct of respiration
Hydrogen- used photosynthesis as water which is broken down to make sugar for the plant's energy
source.
OC 8- Weeds, Insects, Disease
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OE 1- Imports and Exports
IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. When the committee reviewed this standard to determine why it was a low performing standard
we determined that it was simply a difficult topic to teach. A topic that is not necessarily exciting
or fun to teach. As a result of that determination, a PowerPoint presentation/lesson was put
together with content to support the standard. The PowerPoint can be found at the following
location…
http://communities.naae.org/docs/DOC-19146
Please, feel free to make any changes that you feel are necessary to meet the goals of your lesson.
This PowerPoint was made to simply to give you an idea of what we think would be beneficial to
cover in order to meet the requirements of this standard.
2. We also discussed the use of a project where students pick a country and research various things
about that country related to agriculture such as imports and exports. This is a project that you
could take as in depth as you would like. For example…
●
●
●
Select a Country
Research the agriculture in that country.
Make a PowerPoint presentation to present to the class about the countries agriculture, include:
a. Description
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i. Map (to see where it is in the world)
ii.
Population
iii. Terrain
iv. Size of country
v. Climate
vi. Type of Government (include a description)
b. Types of Agricultural Production
c. Major Exports
d. Major Imports
e. Country’s cultures and customs
f.
Areas of concern for the country (limiting factors)
g. Other interesting/fun facts about the country
3. It is also worth noting that this could be an excellent lesson or project to collaborate with a social
studies or business teacher.
Useful Resources for the Standard 0E 1:
USDA Agricultural Trade
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/agriculturaltrade.aspx
U.S. Agricultural Imports Chart (2010-2014)
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chartgallery/detail.aspx?chartId=40090&ref=collection&embed=True&widgetId=39734
Top U.S. Suppliers in Agricultural Imports
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chartgallery/detail.aspx?chartId=40108&ref=collection&embed=True&widgetId=39734
U.S. Agricultural Trade Imports
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/us-agricultural-trade/imports.aspx
OE 2- Geographic Location of Horticulture Crops
Resources:
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1) KY Proud Lessons on the Kentucky department of Agriculture site can be found at the following
link. While they are geared toward middle school students, they can be modified for high school
age students. The information is good.
http://www.kyagr.com/marketing/ky-proud-lessons.html
2) Plant Hardiness Zone Map:
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/
3) CAERT Lesson Plan - “Exploring the International Flower Market”. The following link will take you
to a chart of this lesson plan and several other horticulture lessons. In addition there are related
PowerPoints http://www.nmsu.edu/~nmffa/Documents/CAERT/145/145%20Lesson%20Library.htm
4) KY Farm Bureau - KY Ag. Facts
https://www.kyfb.com/media/files/fed/home-page/2013/CommodityBooklet.pdf
5) Factors that affect the distribution of agriculture
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/agriculture/revise-it/agricultural-land-use
6) State Fact Sheets
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets.aspx
Project Idea: Break the class up into groups and draw the names of states out of a hat. (All states were
represented.) For each state, the group has to research the top crops for that state and find clip art or
pictures to represent that. Make a huge map of the US (20 feet long). Students make all their states, label
the states, etc. and put the clip art on the states. Hang the map in a prominent location for all students to
see.
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OE 7- Production, Maintenance and Harvest Schedules
Colton High School Horticulture Grower’s
Handbook
Student Name_______________________
Plant 1 Name____________________
Plant 2 Name____________________
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Table of Contents
Plant 1 Information
Sheet…………………………………………...3
Plant 2 Information
Sheet……………………………………………4
Plant
Requirements……………………………….……………
………5
Pest and Disease Information……………………………5
Growing Calendar……………………………………….6
Business Plan…………………...……………….…….…7
Bibliography……………………………………….....….8
Plant 1 Information Sheet
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Common Name_________________________________
Scientific Name_________________________________
Color Range____________________________________
Height Range___________________________________
Plant Uses______________________________________
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Hardiness Zone__________________________________
Optimum Soil/Media_____________________________
Propagation Method______________________________
______________________________________________
Plant 2 Information Sheet
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Common Name_________________________________
Scientific Name_________________________________
Color Range____________________________________
Height Range___________________________________
Plant Uses______________________________________
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Hardiness Zone__________________________________
Optimum Soil/Media_____________________________
Propagation Method______________________________
______________________________________________
Plant 1
Nutrient
Requirements
Light Requirements
Temperature
Requirements
Plant 2
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Water Requirements
Fertilizer
Requirements
Plant Requirements
Plant Diseases, Pests, and
Disorders
Plant Disease, Pest, Prevention
Number or Disorder
(1 or 2)
Treatment
Signs/Symptoms
and/or Picture
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Growing Calendar
Write the following dates on the calendar provided.
(Plant care should include transplanting, pinching, and fertilizing.)
Soil preparation date for Plant 1
Planting date for Plant 1
Plant care dates for Plant 1
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Sale date for Plant 1
Soil preparation date for Plant 2
Planting date for Plant 2
Plant care dates for Plant 2
Sale date for Plant 2
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Business Plan
Plant 1
Plant 2
Price
(What is your suggested retail
price?)
Product
(Will the plant be sold individually,
as flats, in packs, or baskets?)
Placement
(Where will the plant be sold?)
Promotion
(How will you advertise your
product?)
Patrons
(What is your target market?)
Profit
(What profit margin do you
expect?)
Major Horticulture Crops to Focus On
Geraniums, Petunias, Marigolds, Million Bells, Vinca, Pansies, Mums, Periwinkle, Begonias, Spikes,
Tomato, Pepper, Cabbage, Broccoli, Cucumbers, Watermelon
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