Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: H0472 / Konsep Sistem Informasi
: 2006
:1
Pertemuan 12
Perencanaan Sistem Informasi
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Memilih strategi sistem informasi yang
sesuai dengan perkembangan organisasi
2
Outline Materi
• Proses perencanaan sistem informasi
• Strategi alignment dari bisnis IT
• Memilih sistem IT untuk investasi
3
Information Systems Plannin
• Process of Information System Planning
• Strategic Alignment of Business and
Information Technology
• Selecting Systems to Invest In
• Project Management
• Role of Systems Analysis
4
Introductory Case…
• Owens Corning SAP installation
– Badly needed
– Very costly
– Will it pay back?
– What could have gone wrong?
– What still can go wrong?
– What did they do right?
– Did you like the project team approach?
– Should they have done it differently?
5
A WCA approach...
• CUSTOMER
– Building supply companies and contractors that purchase building
materials from Owens Corning
• PRODUCT
– Reengineered work systems that are
more responsive to market needs
6
WCA, continued...
• BUSINESS PROCESS
– Major steps:
• Create a vision for how company operations should change
• Select SAP R/3 as the approach for improving information systems
• Create a large project team at headquarters
• Analyze how to use SAP
• Install SAP on computers
• Train people to use it
• Use SAP in practice
– Rationale:
• Replace multiple, incompatible information systems with an integrated
information system that makes it possible to serve customers more
effectively.
7
WCA, continued...
• PARTICIPANTS
– Project team consisting of half business professionals and half IS
professionals
– Users who were trained and then used the new information system
• INFORMATION
–
–
–
–
Company strategy
Project goals
Details of business operations
Selected options for using SAP
• TECHNOLOGY
– SAP R/3 software package
– Computers and other hardware
8
Process of Information System
Planning
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is an information system plan?
Challenges in IS planning
Principles for IS planning
Role of IS and user departments
Allocating (and reallocating) resources
Project roles of IS staff
9
What is an information system
plan?
• Who
– is responsible for each part of the plan
• What
– does IS need to do
• When
– do things need to be completed
• How
– Will we do it (what technology)
• What is the desired result?
10
Why is IT planning
challenging?
• Difficult to foresee and assess
opportunities
• Difficult to mesh with organizational plans
& objectives
• Tough to build systems
– Owens Corning case…
• Difficult to maintain system performance
– Saga of web registration at UNC
11
Principles for IS Planning
• Support organizations IT architecture
– what is an IT architecture?
•
•
•
•
•
Technology is part of the system, not all
Recognize life cycle costs
Design for maintainability
Remember the humans!
Support the evolution of the technical
system
12
Roles of IS and users
• IS department produces IS plan…but can’t
do it in a vacuum
– Need help and input from the users
• User roles (what are these?)
– Sponsors
– Champions
– Steering committee
13
Resource allocation
• Maintaining existing systems and
supporting users
• New development, infrastructure, R&D
– Important to do this; will often pay significant
benefits
• Technical
• Political
14
IT staff roles
• Large system development projects involve many
roles such as the following -- can you define their
roles?
– Project managers
– Application programmers
– Systems analysts
– Programmer-analysts
– Technical writers
– Computer operators
– Database administrators
– System managers
– Systems programmers
– User support staffs
15
Strategic Alignment of Business
and IT
• Consistency with business priorities
16
Strategic Alignment of Business
and IT
• Reengineering & downsizing
• Enterprise-wide and inter-organizational
systems
• Information systems architecture
– Let’s look at the Orange County template
17
Strategic Alignment of Business
and IT
• Centralization?
18
Strategic Alignment of Business
and IT
• Business infrastructure
• Outsourcing
– Good or bad? What’s your opinion?
19
Selecting systems to invest in
• Cost/benefit analysis
• Risks
• Financial comparisons (NPV, IRR,
payback,etc.)
20
Project Management Issues
• Division of labor
– IS department
– Users
• Keeping on schedule…
– Gantt chart
21
Why is it hard to develop/deliver the right
system?
22
A Gantt chart in action…
• Take 5 minutes and develop a Gantt chart
for the steps in buying a home audio
system
23
Role of Systems Analysis
• Information sources for analyzing systems
– Interview
– Inputs, outputs and documentation of existing
systems
– On-site observation
– Questionnaires
– Benchmarking
• Interviews
– Watch for
• missing viewpoints
• superficial information
24
Closing
• Proses perencanaan sistem informasi
• Strategi alignment dari bisnis IT
• Memilih sistem IT untuk investasi
25