PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS – Used when you make
reference to someone else's idea, either through
paraphrasing or quoting them directly.
QUOTE FROM TEXT
“Lincoln, facing enormous pressure over Union setbacks and
retreats early in the Civil War, grew increasingly frustrated by
McClellan’s hesitation to confront the enemy . . . . “
(Farquahar 72).
PARAPHRASE – Another person’s ideas stated in
YOUR OWN WORDS!
McClellan’s inability to act decisively was a constant source
of dissatisfaction for Lincoln (72).
NO AUTHOR KNOWN
“Lincoln, facing enormous pressure over Union setbacks and
retreats early in the Civil War, grew increasingly frustrated by
McClellan’s hesitation to confront the enemy . . . . “ (“Great
American Scandals” 72).
INDIRECT QUOTATION - A QUOTATION THAT YOU
FOUND IN ANOTHER SOURCE THAT WAS QUOTING
FROM THE ORIGINAL. FOR SUCH INDIRECT
QUOTATIONS, USE "qtd. In”) TO INDICATE THE
SOURCE.
For example:
Lincoln, annoyed by McClellan’s refusal to use attack the
enemy stated that McClellan had a case of “the slows” (qtd.
in Farquahar 72).
WEBSITE OR DATABASE ARTICLE
Indicate the author's last name or the short title of the
webpage or article if no author is stated. If there is a page
number, give it.