Final Exam Review Sheet 2014
Genetics
1. ______Two purple flowers (parents) are crossed. What is the term used to describe their offspring?
A. F1 generation
b. F2 generation
c. hybrids
d. none of these
2. ______When Mendel crossed the offspring heterozygous purple flowers, the ratio of purple to white flowers
in the next generation was
a. 4:1
b. 3:1
c. 1:1
d. 2:1
3. ______Assume you are recreating Mendel’s experiment by crossing two heterozygous purple flowered
plants. You have produced 1000 offspring. ABOUT how many of them would you expect to be white?
a. 550
b. 330
c. 730
d. 1000
4. ______A ____________________ is a sequence of DNA found in chromosomes which gives us our traits.
a. gene
b. genome
c. phenotype
d. genotype
5. ______RR is an example of
a. homozygous alleles
b. heterozygous alleles
c. incomplete dominance
6. ______The ______________________ is the physical appearance of an organism
a. genotype
b. allele
c. heredity
d. phenotype
7. ______What were the traits of Mendel’s pea plants after he crossed a pure purple pea plant with a pure
white pea plant?
a. All White
b. All Purple
c. Half White
d. Half Purple
8. ______What is the probability of receiving a recessive phenotype if two heterozygotes were crossed
together?
a. 0 %
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
9. ______In 4’Oclock flowers, neither allele is dominant to the other. What color would you expect in a 4
o’clock flower with the genotype “rr”?
a. red
b. pink
c. white
d. gray
10. ______These are the different forms of genes. You receive one from mom and one from dad
a. trait
b. phenotype
c. genotype
d. allele
11. ______Segregation (separation) of alleles occurs during
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. fertilization
d. pollination
12. ______Long wings (L) on fruit flies are dominant to short wings on fruit flies. A homozygous long winged
male is crossed with a heterozygous female. What is the probability that their offspring would be long
winged?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 100%
13. ______ Long wings (L) on fruit flies are dominant to short wings on fruit flies. A heterozygous long
winged male is crossed with a heterozygous female. What is the probability that their offspring would be
homozygous for either trait?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
14. ______Red eyes (R) in fruit flies are dominant to white eyes. Suppose a heterozygous red eyed male was
crossed with a white-eyed female. What is the probability that their offspring would have red eyes?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
15. ______In squash, white fruit (W) is dominant over yellow fruit. Suppose two white squash were crossed,
and they had 12 offspring plants. 9 of the plants had white fruit and 3 of the plants had yellow fruit. What
would be the likely genotypes of the parents?
a. WW x ww
b. Ww x Ww
c. Ww x ww
d. ww x ww
Evolution
16. ___________ was the scientist who theorized about Pangea and continental drift
17. ____________ was the scientist who suggested that populations tend to grow larger than the food
supply needed to feed it.
18. A __________________ is a change in DNA sequence that leads to a variation in an individual
19. ___________________This term describes the formation of a new species
20. ____________________ was the scientist who believed that an animal’s physical needs determine
its development and genes
21. ____________________ ______________________ is the mixing of maternal and paternal
chromosomes that result in new phenotypes for the offspring
22. ___________________ was the scientists who discovered the concept of evolution at the same time
as Darwin, but got little or no credit for it.
23. Variations arise:
through natural selection
randomly
by decreasing a founder population
through competition
24. Adaptations arise:
A. through natural selection
B. randomly
C. by decreasing a founder population
D. by speciation
25. This type of adaptation is evidenced by schooling piranhas that trap their prey in a shallow pool:
A. structural
B. physiological
C. psychological
D. behavioral
26. This type of adaptation is evidenced by the razor sharp teeth on a shark
A. structural
B. physiological
C. psychological
D. behavioral
27. The Galapagos Islands are off the coast of
A. South America
B. Central America
C. Brazil
D. Africa
28. How is natural selection related to evolution?
Cell Respiration/Enzymes
28. Name the 4 phases of aerobic cellular respiration in order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
29. Which phase of cellular respiration does not take place in the mitochondria?
_______________________________
30. In cellular respiration, the production of ATP relies on the diffusion of (hydrogen/oxygen)
ions across the mitochondrial membrane.
31. Which phase in the process of cellular respiration does NOT produce ATP?
_______________________________
32. Which phase of cellular respiration can still occur when little or no oxygen is present?
_______________________________
33. What process follows the answer to question 53 when no oxygen is present?
_______________________________
34. Cellular respiration occurs in what parts of the cell? ________________________
35. Your muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation when you run out of _______________ gas.
36. NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) enter the
___________________________ chain to produce ATP.
37. Which phase of aerobic respiration results in the production of the most ATP?
_____________________________
38. Where does the electron transport chain take place? _______________________
39. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and glucose and gives of ___________ and
___________.
40. Enzyme names usually end in what 3 letters? ______________
41. This is the substance acted on by an enzyme. _________________________
42. Enzymes catalyze reactions by ___________ the activation energy of the reaction.
43. The enzyme reacts with the reactant when the reactant attaches to a special region on the
enzyme called the ____________________.
Photosynthesis
44. ______________________ are organisms that carry out photosynthesis.
45. The color of an object is determined by the wavelength of light that is ________________.
46. Leaves turn red, orange, and yellow in the fall because colder temperatures cause the
pigment __________________________ to break down.
47. Photosynthesis takes place in what organelle? _________________________
48. Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? ____________________
49. The light-dependent reaction includes how many different photosystems? ______
50. The light independent reaction is also known as the __________________ cycle.
51. _________________ are examples of producers.
52. Photosynthesis uses water, carbon dioxide and sunlight and gives off ______________
and ____________________.
53. This photosynthetic pigment gives leaves their green color in the spring and summer:
______________________________.
54. This is the energy currency of cell generated by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
__________
Ecology
55. The living or _____________ components of an ecosystem include the populations of
plants and animals
56. _________________ are organisms that make food for themselves, usually through
photosynthesis
57. _______________________ are animals that eat plants only.
58. _______________________ are animals that eat other animals only.
59. ______________________ are organisms that break down dead, organic waste for food.
60. __________________________ is an example of an abiotic factor.