Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA: Molecule of
DNA that is created by joining
segments of DNA from different
sources.
How to create recombinant DNA:
1. Cut two different samples of
DNA with the same restriction
enzyme.
–
Sticky Ends: Single stranded
DNA sequence created after the
DNA is cut by certain restriction
enzymes
Recombinant DNA
2. Join the two cut DNA segments
together.
– Since both DNA molecules
were cut with the same
restriction enzymes the
sticky ends will contain
complimentary bases.
– DNA ligase can be used to
fuse together the DNA
fragments.
– Beside recombinant DNA, in
what other process is DNA
ligase used?
Recombinant DNA
How is recombinant DNA useful?
Recombinant DNA can be inserted into bacterial cells to
create human growth hormone.
How to make bacteria with recombinant DNA:
1. Remove a plasmid from a
bacteria cell.
– Plasmid: A small, circular
DNA molecule in bacterial
cells that is separate from
the bacteria’s
chromosome.
Recombinant DNA
2. Cut the plasmid and the human DNA with the same
restriction enzyme.
3. Use ligase to join the fragment of human DNA containing
the insulin gene with the cut bacterial plasmid.
4. Insert the plasmid with recombinant DNA into a bacteria
cell.
Recombinant DNA
5. The bacteria cell divides and produces more transgenic
bacterial cells that will produce human insulin that can be
given to diabetic patients.
Transgenic Organisms: Organisms that have had genes
from other species inserted into their genome
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juP6iHMIYkE
Cloning
Clone: genetically identical individuals produced from a
single cell.
• Cloned colonies of bacteria and plants are easy to grow
How to clone a mammal:
1. Remove the nucleus from a diploid cell of the
animal you wish to clone.
The cloned lamb is identical to which
sheep?
Cloning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Qry1gYYDCA
2. Remove the haploid nucleus of an unfertilized egg cell
and replace it with the diploid nucleus.
3. The diploid egg cell will begin to divide, growing into
an embryo.
4. The embryo is implanted into a foster mother where it
develops until birth.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hepoJgGJtNc&list=PLH82CVT4Euawhcq4CyRbnu6d55DcM_KfG
The cloned lamb identical to which
sheep?
Ethics and Impacts of Genetic Engineering
Understand the pros and cons of each of the following:
1. Genetically Modified Foods (GMO’s)
2. Designer Babies
3. Cloning Mammals