REVIEW SHEET FOR ASTRONOMY C.U.B.A.
CHAPTER 19: EARTH, MOON AND SUN
SECTION 1: Earth in Space
19-1 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe the difference between rotation and revolution and how long it takes for the
Earth to do both. (P-H Page # 637)
 Rotation: Spinning of Earth on its axis – Gives us day and night. (One Rotation = One
Day)
 Revolution: The amount of time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun. (One Revolution =
One Year)
http://www.inspiredlearningcommunity.com/node/188
-Describe and explain what causes the seasons, dates at which we have equinoxes and
solstices and the position of the Earth’s axis in each season. (P-H Pages # 640-643)
 The Earth is tilted on its axis as it revolves around the sun. Because the Earth is a
sphere, the sunlight hitting some parts of the Earth is more concentrated than the
sunlight hitting other parts of the Earth.
http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html
*Open the link and click on “See Earth Profile” in the lower left-hand corner of the page.
SECTION 2: Phases, Eclipses and Tides
-Recognize the 8 phases of the moon – what they look like and where they are in
relation to the sun. Explain what causes phases. (P-H Pages # 647-649)
 The lunar cycle takes about 29 days.
http://ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/multimedia/unit
3/phases_moon/phases_moon.html
-Describe and explain the position of the Earth, moon and sun for solar and lunar
eclipses and when they occur. (P-H Pages # 650 & 651)
http://www.ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/html/modu
le3/lessons/lesson6/eclipses.html#
-Describe the difference between spring and neap tides and when they occur. Explain
what a regular tide is and how often they occur and why. (P-H Page # 436 & 437, 654)
 Spring and Neap Tides:
http://www.mmscrusaders.com/newscirocks/tides/tideanim.htm
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/welcome.html
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/science_activity_library/tides.html
SECTION 4: Earth’s Moon
19-4 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe the basic structure and origin of the moon and its features. (P-H Pages # 659-664)
 Why don’t we ever see the far side of the moon?
 What is the accepted theory as to how the moon formed?
 What are the moon’s surface and atmospheric features?
http://www.astronomygcse.co.uk/AstroGCSE/Unit2/Features.htm
CHAPTER 20: THE SOLAR SYSTEM
SECTION 1: Observing the Solar System
20-1 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Know the two factors that keep the planets in orbit. (P-H Pages # 673 & 674)
 Inertia: Explains the movement of the planets around the sun. Objects in motion
remain in motion until acted upon by an outside force. The planets continue to move
around the sun because they always have since the time of their formation.
 Gravity: Explains why the planets stay in orbit around the sun rather than flying off
into space.
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/space-environment/1what-causes-an-orbit.html
SECTION 2: The Sun
20-2 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe the structure and features of the sun. (P-H Pages # 676-680)
 Sun’s Life Cycle: http://sun2.blogspot.com/2007/10/suns-life-cycle.html
 Sun’s Structure: http://solar.physics.montana.edu/reu/2004/sgaard/structure.html
 Fusion in the Core:
http://fusedweb.llnl.gov/CPEP/Chart_Pages/5.Plasmas/SunLayers.html
 Solar Prominences:
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/atmosphere/prominence.html
 Solar Flares:
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/atmosphere/solar_flares.html
 Sunspots: http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/atmosphere/sunspots.html
SECTION 3 & SECTION 4: The Inner and Outer Planets
20-3 & 20-4 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Compare and contrast the features of all the planets. (P-H Pages # 682-697)
 Planet Size Comparisons:
http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/messenger/psc/planetsize.html
 Venus and Earth: http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/venus_002.htm
 The Inner Planets: http://www.solstation.com/stars/4planets.htm
 The Outer Planets:
http://msnbcmedia2.msn.com/i/msnbc/Components/Photos/070506/sn2006gy_newline.jpg
 The Planet Uranus: http://www.space.com/uranus/
 Pluto Gets Kicked Out: http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-08-24-pluto-kicked-out-of-planet-club
SECTION 5: Comets, Asteroids and Meteors
20-5 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Know the definitions of each. (P-H Pages # 700-703)
Descriptions of Different Celestial Objects
Celestial Object
Name
Asteroid
Comet
Meteoroid
Meteor
Meteorite
Description
An asteroid is an irregularly shaped celestial object made up of rock or metal. They are smaller
than planets and have irregular shapes rather than spherical shapes.
A comet is a celestial object made up of ice, rock, and dust that has a very long orbit around the
sun. As they move closer to the sun, they develop tails. Sunlight reflects off the tail making it
visible.
A meteoroid is a very small, rocky celestial object. Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids. They
are pieces of asteroids, moons, planets, or debris from comets.
A meteor is a flash of light in the sky that occurs as a meteoroid burns up in the atmosphere.
Meteors are also known as shooting stars.
A meteorite is a small piece of rock from space that lands on Earth. Meteorites are meteoroids that
do not burn up completely.
CHAPTER 21: STARS, GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE
SECTION 1: Tools of Modern Astronomy
Chapter # 21-1 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe what the electromagnetic spectrum is and wavelengths that belong on it.
(P-H Pages # 714 & 715)
 http://www.geo.mtu.edu/rs/back/spectrum/
 Spectrographs:
http://www.andor.com/learning/spectrographs/
-Compare/contrast reflecting and refracting telescopes. (P-H Page # 716)
 http://library.thinkquest.org/J002040F/refracting_and_reflecting_telescopes.htm
SECTION 2: Characteristics of Stars
Chapter # 21-2 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe how astronomers measure distance to stars. (P-H Page # 724)
 Light Years: http://www.glyphweb.com/esky/concepts/lightyear.html
-Describe what parallax is. (P-H Pages # 724 & 725)
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Astro/para.html#c1
-Explain how astronomers classify stars. (P-H Pages # 725-727)
 Size, Temperature (indicated by a star’s color), and Brightness
-Read and interpret an H-R diagram. (P-H Pages # 728 & 729)
 Most Stars on the H-R Diagram fall into the “Main Sequence Category.”
-Describe the 5 sizes and colors of stars. (P-H Page # 728)
http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/star_life/hr_interactive.html
-Compare/contrast the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude. (P-H Pages # 727 & 728)
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_absolute_magni
tude_and_apparent_magnitude
SECTION 3: Lives of Stars
Chapter # 21-3 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Describe how stars form, the life cycle of stars and why they take different paths.
 Star Formation: (P-H Page # 733)
http://www.redorbit.com/modules/reflib/article_images/6_dac4e7d6b8fb5cf3a1458d796
b90d7a9.jpg
 Star Life Cycles: (P-H Pages # 733-735)
http://www.seasky.org/celestial-objects/assets/images/starlife.jpg
http://msnbcmedia2.msn.com/i/msnbc/Components/Photos/070506/sn2006gy_
newline.jpg
SECTION 4: Star Systems and Galaxies
Chapter # 21-4 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Know what a star system is. (P-H Pages # 737-739)
 Eclipsing Binary Star Systems
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eclipsing_binary_star_animation_2.gif
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/binaries/binaries.html
-Describe the 3 types of galaxies. (P-H Pages # 739 & 740)
 Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy/spiral/
SECTION 5: History of the Universe
Chapter # 21-5 PowerPoint: Link on Mr. Price’s Webpage
-Explain how the universe is believed to have formed and the possibilities for the
future of the universe. (P-H Pages # 741-744)
 The Big Bang Theory:
http://www.big-bang-theory.com/
 The Red Shift:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/astro/redshf.html