M E X T
Knowledge Cluster Initiative
July 25, 2005
“Knowledge Cluster Initiative”
-present state & issuesYasushi Taguchi
Director
Office for the promotion of Regional R&D Activities
Science and Technology Policy Bureau
MEXT
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Framework of the S&T Policy in Japan
1995 The Science and Technology Basic Law was established
● Obligation for the government to establish the basic science and
technology plan on every 5 years is stated
1996 The First Science and Technology Basic Plan was enacted
● Encouraging fundamental research activities
→ additional ¥ 17 trillion ($ 154.5 billion) government investment was
planed over 5 years (which means the amount of the budget became
twice as much as what it used to be)
● Promoting cooperation within industry, academia and government
2001 The Second Science and Technology Basic Plan was enacted
● the Four Key Fields is established: Life Sciences, IT, Environment and
Nanotech/Materials
● Government Investment for R&D activities
→ more additional ¥ 24 trillion ($218.2 billion) government investment
has been planed over 5 years (which means the 1 % of the GTP of
Japan constantly invested each year)
● Reformation of the S&T system of Japan
* Calculated as US$1=110yen
1
M E X T
The Second Science and Technology Basic Plan
(established by the Cabinet in March 2001)
Regional S&T Promotion Policy of the Government of Japan
■ Formation of the Knowledge Clusters
● Universities and other public research institutions which have unique R&D themes and
potentialities are put on the center core
● Business companies inside and outside the regions are expected to come into the
clusters
● Human networks and joint research organizations are expected to be established in
this process of forming the clusters
● Technical innovation is expected to occur successively through mutual stimulation
between technological seeds in research institutions and practical needs in the real
business world
■ Carrying out the regional S&T promotion policy smoothly
●
●
●
●
Fostering and obtaining professional experts such as “connoisseurs”
Building up coordinating ability between needs and seeds
Promoting technology transfers in view of interregional cooperation
Paying proper attention to local initiative, or cooperation under local
leadership
2
M E X T
The S&T Budget （National / Local governments）
$ billion
350
300
250
Local gov't
（initial budget）
Local gov't
（final budget）
National budget
（initial)
200
150
100
50
*calculated as
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005 FY
US$1=110yen
33
M E X T
The Regional S&T Promotion Budget of MEXT
$ million
250
200
150
100
50
0
1996
2001
2002
FY
2003
2004
*
2005
initial budget
** calculated as US$1=110yen
4
Knowledge Cluster Initiative
To create an innovative and internationally competitive regional base
which integrates research institutions, R&D industries or universities
１８
clusters
Annual budget about ¥500 million
($4.5million)/cluster
（５-year project）*1$=110yen
Nagano-Ueda
[Nanotechnology]
Sapporo [ IT ]
Toyama-Takaoka [Life Sciences]
Kanazawa [Life Science]
Kansai Wide Area Cluster
Osaka [Life Sciences]
Kyoto
[Nanotechnology]
Kobe [Life Sciences]
Hiroshima
[Life Sciences]
Ube [Life Sciences]
Sendai [ IT ]
Gifu-Ogaki [Life Sciences]
Nagoya [Nanotechnology]
Hamamatsu
[ IT, Life Sciences]
Keihanna [ IT, Life Sciences]
Kyushu Wide Area Cluster
Takamatsu [Life Sciences]
Kitakyushu [IT, Env’t]
Fukuoka [ IT ]
Tokushima [Life Sciences]
5
Selection Process ①
Selecting 30 candidate regions （May ２００１）
［1st Stage］
[potential for R&D]
Existence of a core research organization and
its activities
⇒55 regions
４５ regions
[potential of industry]
①main industry’s sales
> 300B Jyen
or
②machinery’s product
> 100B Jyen
１．Potential of Core research
organization & technical seeds
［2nd Stage］
30 candidate regions
２． System for collaborations
３．Persons of talent
４．VC
５．Incubation
６．Traffic infrastructure
6
Selection Process ②
30 regions submitted proposals of their own cluster’s plans.
MEXT selected 12 regions to be subsidized in 2002.
And 6 regions were selected in 2003 and 2004.
Selection Criteria
１．Basic factors
・focus on a specific field
・existence of a core research organization
・infrastructures
２．Technical factors
・competence of R&D activities
・possibility of going into business
３．System for projects’ promotion
・assistance capabilities of a core organization
・structure of the Cluster Headquarters
４．Program carried by regional initiative
・promoting S&T policy
・adjustment to their future visions
・Leadership of the local government
7
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
FY
2002
2003
12 clusters
(Start in 2002)
3 clusters
(Start in 2003)
3 clusters
(Start in 2004)
Budget
[yen]
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Evaluation
Trial
Evaluation
Trial
6.6 billion 7.8 billion
Evaluation
9 billion
10 billion
8
Structure of the Knowledge Cluster Initiative
MEXT
Reforms of science and technology systems
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Technology innovation creation programs in which Universities take core part
MEXT selects areas and assists
core organizations
Cooperation
Cluster Creation Plans of Local Governments
¾Local governments make their own action plans
¾Intensive promotion of various projects for creating
Knowledge Clusters
¾Cooperative systems by industry, academia and government in which
universities etc. take core part
•Setting up the Knowledge Cluster Headquarters (Control Tower)
•Promotion of supporting systems by S&T coordinators etc.
Area with a high concentration of
knowledge and industry
Cooperative systems in which
universities or other public research
institutions take core part.
Setting up
Core Organizations
Planning /Implementation
Foundations or other
corporations designated by local
governments
*Various projects
Cooperation
Universities, etc.
Knowledge Cluster Headquarters
Cooperation
Sponsor research
Cooperation
Cooperation
Firms and other
related entities
TLO, JST
* • Conducting industry-academia-government successive joint research • Promotion of Patenting, incubating and developing of research results
in which universities or other public institutions take core part
• Staffing with specialist Science and Technology Coordinators
• Forums or other type of meeting on research results will be held
Knowledge Cluster Initiative will positively cooperate with other relevant projects like the Industrial Cluster Project of the Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry (METI).
9
Characteristics of the project
„
„
„
„
Initiative of Local Government
The “core organization” financing universities for
research
Leadership of the cluster headquarter
Competition with other regions
⇒∼500 organizations, ∼1500 researchers
⇒promoting reformations of university's systems
10
知的クラスター創成事業における実績一覧（H14∼16年度）
Knowledge Cluster Initiative ( 2002-2004fy)
patents
特許数(件）
treatises
論文数(件）
abr.
海外
Dms.
国内
本事業の成果による
成果が他事業 商品化、実用化、企業
収入（売上、実施料
to other funds
Sales
awards
受賞（件）
product
化件数（件）
国内
海外
に採択（件）
Dms.
abr.
収入等） (千円）
(yen)
acq.
app.
acq.
app.
出願数
取得数
出願数
取得数
Newa
報道に取り上げられた件数（件）
paper
新聞
TV
テレビ
journal
雑誌
Sapporo
Sapporo
札幌
Sendai
仙台
30
34
16
40
0
2
0
5
7
0
66
11
56
40
56
9
66
0
7
0
6
37
17,849
50
9
15
Nagano
長野
Hamamatsu
浜松
41
136
10
118
0
10
0
2
7
37,400
301
56
49
23
43
2
69
0
16
0
2
1
0
131
27
10
Kyoto
京都
関西文化学術研
究都市
Keihan-na
71
252
17
93
0
18
0
17
27
37,229
151
3
78
97
77
12
116
0
18
0
13
12
31,577
98
12
21
Ooala(Saito)
大阪（彩都）
Kobe
神戸
Hiroshima
広島
12
188
9
17
0
5
0
9
11
273,930
86
2
5
37
12
113
29
3
7
34
23
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
7
6
7
0
6,700
35
95
3
20
8
32
Takamatsu
高松
Fukuoka
福岡
18
55
12
77
1
10
31
10
0
0
2
0
0
0
13
0
12
1
0
0
132
44
9
2
13
19
Kita-Kyushu
北九州
52
151
5
84
0
7
0
5
27
53,120
84
1
46
Toyama-Takaoka
富山・高岡
Nagoya
名古屋
Tokushima
徳島
16
36
2
30
1
8
0
2
9
5,000
142
15
35
76
26
296
40
19
0
119
13
0
0
11
2
0
0
1
2
8
30
78,000
3,500
25
24
1
4
29
26
Kanazawa
金沢
Gifu
岐阜
39
52
14
32
0
3
0
0
0
0
45
6
3
Ube
宇部
32
51
54
62
6
1
31
18
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
2
15
0
0
30
25
13
3
14
15
Total
合計
728
1708
143
944
1
116
0
86
219
544,305
1564
197
474
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Intermediate
IntermediateEvaluation
Evaluation-①Policy-①Policy„
PURPOSE : Effective implementation of the Knowledge Cluster
Initiative in each region and formation of clusters
„
TRAGET : 12 clusters which started in FY2002
„
POLICY
:
○ Evaluation from a long-term point of view in consideration of regional
autonomy (as this is the support system in a developing phase for the
formation of “Knowledge Clusters” in the future)
○ Each cluster should be motivated to evaluate and reexamine its own
project appropriately.
○ Subsidy in FY2005 for each cluster increases or decreases according to
the results of the evaluation under a sense of rivalry.
○ MEXT evaluates the progress of past 2.5 years, self-evaluation, plans
for next 2.5 years
16
12
Intermediate Evaluation−②Criteria−
ItemⅠ
ItemⅠ
ItemⅢ
ItemⅢ
ItemⅡ
ItemⅡ
（１）Technical factors（R&D progress）
１．Progress
(result in the 1st half)
（２）Regional programs
and autonomy
①Strategy for intellectual
property, industrializing, etc.
②harmonization with other
policies
（３）Systems for the projects’ promotion
２．Quality of Self-Evaluation
（１）Technical factors（R&D plans）
３．Plans
(plans for the 2nd
half)
（２）Regional programs and autonomy
（３）Systems for the projects’ promotion
４．Possibility of the future cluster
Intermediate Evaluation③ -schemeSubmit self-evaluation report
(Nov. 2004)
Weighting Gr.
Evaluating Gr.
Weighting each item
(Nov. 2004)
Interview and Examination
(Nov.∼Dec. 2004)
Setting value on each item
(Ｓ, Ａ, Ｂ, Ｃ)
Comments
Total Score
(Jan.∼Mar. 2005)
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Intermediate
IntermediateEvaluation
Evaluation Results①-Total
Results①-TotalScoreScoreAnnounced on March 23, 2005
Total Score (Average of the Evaluaters)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
Kitakyushu
Fukuoka
Takamatsu
Hiroshima
Kobe
Saito (Osaka)
Kansai
Kyoto
Hamamatsu
Nagano/Ueda
Sendai
0
Sapporo
Score
21
15
Kyoto
4.00
3.00
A
A
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
E
Sendai
Sapporo
Nagano/Ueda
A
A
4.00
B
2.00
E
B
2.00
E
1.00
B
2.00
E
B
1.00
1.00
1.00
Hamamatsu
A
4.00
Saito D
(Northern Part of Osaka Prefecture)
4.00
C
D
C
3.00
D
A
D
C
C
2.00
E
1.00
3.00
2.00
E
B
B
1.00
D
C
Fukuoka
Kobe
D
C
4.00
4.00
A
A
3.00
3.00
2.00
E
2.00
E
B
B
1.00
1.00
Hiroshima
4.00
A
D
D
A
B
C
D
E
3.00
2.00
E
Takamatsu
B
4.00
A
1.00
3.00
C
Kitakyushu Science and Research Park
R&D
Autonomy
Management
SelfSelf-Evaluation
Cluster formation
B
1.00
4.00
Kansai Science
City
A
4.00
2.00
E
2.00
Average Score of the cluster
B
B
1.00
1.00
Average Score of 12 clusters
D
D
D
A
3.00
3.00
E
2.00
E
D
C
C
C
C
C
22
16
Intermediate Evaluation Results② -to be solvedSome clusters lack……
„
„
the course toward business in some research themes.
integration of intellectual property strategy between
Cluster headquarters and the universities.
Some clusters need……
„
„
„
more market need analysis, numerical targets and
involvement of private corporations.
global activities toward the internationally competitive
clusters.
to foster or secure talented people in and out of the region.
Some clusters in life sciences field ……
„
are hampered by scope of claims and lead time for clinical
trials regulated by pharmaceutical affairs law.
Government has to address the system development to capitalize
upon the outcome of university-level research.
17
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Subsequent
SubsequentDevelopment
Developmentof
of
the
the“Knowledge
“KnowledgeCluster
ClusterInitiative”
Initiative”
„
Methodology of Ex-post evaluation
„
Plan post-“Knowledge Cluster Initiative”
key-wards
-give priority
-widen area
-diversify
-harmonize & connect various policies
18
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Cooperation with the
Industrial Cluster Project of METI
Ministries
Concerned
CSTP : Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office
METI : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
CSTP
Regional S&T Cluster
MEXT
Knowledge Cluster
Initiative
New technology seeds form
industry-academiagovernment joint research
・Committee at the national level
・Committees at the local level
within 9 regions
established in October 2004
z Setting up committees for regional cluster
promotion, holding joint conferences to announce
project results
z Encouraging cooperation within local entities
z “Cluster Forum 2005” at Tokyo Big Sight to be held
possibly form November 30 to December 1.
z METI’s budget to put new technology seeds from
the Knowledge Cluster Initiative to practical use
z MEXT’s budget for universities to carry out joint
research with the corporations which take part in the
Industrial Cluster Project
METI
The Industrial
Cluster Project
New business based on the
industry-academiagovernment networks
Continuous support from the creation of seeds to business
19
8
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
The
TheThird
ThirdScience
Scienceand
andTechnology
TechnologyBasic
BasicPlan!?
Plan!?
(to
(tobe
beenacted
enactedinin2006,
2006,now
nowunder
underdiscussion
discussionatatCSTP)
CSTP)
Building of a regional innovation system
toward the region of affluence and vitality
„
Significance of regional S&T promotion
„
Sophisticate and diversify national S&T
„
Revitalize regional economy
„
Secure safety and quality of life
„
Promote dialogue between the scientific community and society
Consistency with the strategic priority setting of
national S&T
„ Cooperation and complementary relations between
the national and local governments
„
20
Ｍ Ｅ Ｘ Ｔ
Please visit our website
and get the cluster brochure
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/kagaku/chiiki/cluster/index.ht
m
Cluster Forum held at Tokyo Big Sight on September 29, 2004
21