Vocab Unit 4
By: Abhiraj Pudhota
Atrophy
• (n.) The wasting away of a body organ
or tissue
• Any progressive decline or failure
• (v.) To waste away
Bastion
• (n.) A fortified place, stronghold
Concord
• (n.) A state of agreement, harmony,
unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant
Consummate
• (adj.) Complete or perfect in the highest
degree
• (v.) To bring to a state of completion or
perfection
Disarray
• (n.) Disorder, confusion
• (v.) To throw into disorder
Exigency
• (n.) Urgency, pressure; urgent
demand, pressing need; an
emergency
Flotsam
• (n.) Floating debris; homeless,
impoverished people
Frenetic
• (adj.) Frenzied, highly agitated
Glean
• (v.) To gather bit by bit; to gather small
quantities of grain left in a field by the
reapers
Grouse
• (n.) A type of game bird; a compliant;
• (v.) To complain, grumble
Incarcerate
• (v.) To imprison, confine, jail
Incumbent
• (adj.) Obligatory, required
• (n.) One who holds a specific office
at the time spoken of
Jocular
• (adj.) Humorous, jesting, jolly,
joking
Ludicrous
• (adj.) Ridiculous, laughable, absurd
Mordant
• (adj.) Biting or caustic in thought,
manner, or style; sharply or bitterly
harsh
Nettle
• (n.) A prickly or stinging plant
• (v.) To arouse displeasure, impatience, or
anger; to vex or irritate severely
Pecuniary
• (adj.)Consisting of or measured in
money; of or related to money
Pusillanimous
• (adj.) Contemptibly cowardly or
mean-spirited
Recumbent
• (adj.) In a reclining position, lying
down, in the posture of one sleeping
or resting
Stratagem
• (n.) A scheme to outwit or deceive
an opponent or to gain an end
And now….
Example 1
• BETWEEN = 2 things
• AMONG = several things
Example 2
• Then= sequence
• Than = comparative
Example 3
• Effect = NOUN (cause and effect)
• Affect = verb
Example 4
• Ensure = to make something more sure
• Insure = insurance… to guard against
something
Example 5
.
Lie and Lay – they get their own
slides!
• In all these examples, the verb is a form of the
word "lay," and the direct object is "book."
Continued…
FREE HINT: If you're in doubt about whether
to use "lay" or "lie," try substituting a form of
the verb "place."
Example 6
• Less = a singular subject (money, sense,
intensity)
• Fewer – several items (examples, people,
chances)
Example 7
• .
• Farther: Refers to physical distance only.
• Further:
1. Moreover; in addition; to a greater extent.
Example: We need to discuss this further.
• 2. To help forward, advance, or promote an
undertaking, cause, etc.
•
Example:
Elisa had more desire to further her own interests
than to further the mission of the organization.
Example 8
• Except = used in the case of an exception
• Accept = verb: to receive
Example 9
• Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups
or things.
• Examples:
Steph is the one who rescued the bird.
James is on the team that won first place.
He belongs to an organization that specializes in
saving endangered species