Chapter 1: Science of Biology
1-1 What Is Science
Science is a way of ________________
3 Goals of Science
1. To provide natural explanations for events in the natural world
2. To use those explanations to understand patterns in the natural world
3. ______________________________________________________________
*Science is an ____________ way of using ____________ to learn about
the natural world.
Observation vs. Inference
Observation – involves one or more senses to gather data
Quantitative – involves numbers, counting or measuring ___________
______________________________________________
Qualitative – involves characteristics that cannot easily be measured or
counted, color or texture. ___________________________________
Inference – a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge
Scientific Methodology
1. Stating the ________________________
 Where did the maggots come from?
2. Forming a ______________
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A possible ________________ for a set of __________________.
Must be testable
Ex. _________ produce maggots. (testable)
______________ is causing maggots to
appear on meat (not testable)
3. Setting up a controlled experiment
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Independent (manipulated) variable – ______________________________
________________________________________________________________
Dependent (responding) variable – _________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Control Group – ________________________________________________
Experimental Group – ___________________________________________
Ex: Redi’s Experiment
Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
Control Group?
Experimental Group?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4. Recording and Analyzing _____________
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Allows other _______________ to view your and offer new _______________
_________________________________________________
5. Drawing __________________
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Was the hypothesis _______________ or ________________.
Scientific Overview
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How a Theory Develops
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Theory – __________________________________________________________.
All cells come from existing cells is part of a theory known as “__________
______________”
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No theory is considered absolute _____________.
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1-3 Studying Life
BIOLOGY
“bio” – __________
“logy” – ___________________
Biology is the science that seeks to understand the __________________.
Characteristics of Life
1. Living things are made up of cells
– Smallest units of an organism that is considered _____________
– Can be ______________ (bacteria) or ________________ (humans)
2. Living things reproduce
– Final product of reproduction = ______________________
– Asexual: _______________________________________________________
• OFFSPRING IS A ____________ OF THE PARENT
– Sexual: ________________________________________________________
3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code
– Base on 1 molecule: ___________
(___________________ _______)
4. Living things grow and develop
– Growth: _______________________________________________
– Development: ___________________________________________
5. Living things obtain and use energy
– Metabolism: ____________________________________________________.
– Autotroph: _____________________________________________________
– Heterotroph: ____________________________________________________
6. Living things respond to environment
Ex. ____________________________________________________
Ex. ____________________________________________________
Ex. _____________________________________________________
7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment
– Homeostasis: ____________________________________
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
8. Living things evolve
– _____________________ DO NOT EVOLVE
– _____________________ evolve over time
Branches of Biology
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Botany: ________________________________________
Anatomy: ______________________________________
Cell Biology: ___________________________________
Entomology: ____________________________________
Physiology: _____________________________________
Zoology: _______________________________________
Genetics: _______________________________________
Paleontology: ___________________________________
Ornithology: ____________________________________
Major Themes in Biology
1. _______________________________
We continue to learn, modify, and build on previous scientific work (adjust
hypotheses, research, experimental designs)
2. ______________________________________
Many organisms have relationships of dependence (ecological
relationships, on organism depends on the other for food, reproduction,
shelter, etc.)
3. ________________________________
Regulatory mechanisms manage and control life (help establish order/avoid
disorganization)
4. ____________________________________
Some things are preserved while others change (made of cells, types of
cells vary)
5. ________________________________
Technology is integrated with our lives (genetics, vaccines, forensics, etc.)
6. ______________________________________
Energy is neither created or destroyed but converted to different forms
7. ______________________________
The function of a biological mechanism is related to it’s purpose (bird
beak/ flower)
8. _____________________
Species change over time
The Metric System
– Units are in multiples of _______.
– Ex: Ten centimeters = 1 __________________
– Also called the _______________________________