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What does every living thing inherit from their parents?
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Genetics – __________________________________________________
Look around at your classmates and make a list of some of the traits that are inherited. _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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Each flower produces ____________ and _____________
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Cross fertilization (sexual) – ___________________________________
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Self-pollination (asexual) – ____________________________________
• Mendel’s pea plants were __________________________
– A tall plant with green seeds would produce a ____________________________
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Trait – _____________________________________________________
– Mendel studied 7 different pea plant traits
• What are some examples? _________________________________________

____________ – the chemical factors that determine traits (the segment of DNA) ex. pea plant: height
_______________ – different forms of a gene from each parent ex. pea plants: tall and short (T or t)
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Principle of dominance: ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Dominant allele – ____________________________________________
– Capital letter (T=tall)
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Recessive allele – ____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
–
Lower case letter (t=short)
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Heterozygous – _____________________________________________
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______________________ for that trait
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Ex: Tt
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Homozygous – ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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____________________ for a particular trait
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Ex: TT or tt

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Phenotype – __________________________
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Ex: ____________________________________
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Genotype – ___________________________
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Ex: _____________________________________
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Tall plants have the same ______________ (tall), but not the same
________________ (TT or Tt)
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Why are TT and Tt genotypes for tallness, but tt is not???
• Mendel realized…the principles of ______________ could be used to explain the results of genetic crosses.
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Probability – ________________________________________________
• Ex: probability of flipping a coin to heads = ½ or _____%
• Probability of head 3 times in a row = ½ x ½ x ½ = _____
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The ________ the number or trials, the closer to the expected ratio
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_______ outcomes do not affect _______ outcomes
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Alleles segregate randomly (like a coin)

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Segregation = _____________________
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The alleles for tall vs. short separate during the formation of __________________ – sex cells
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Each gamete carries
________________________
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____ alleles (2 genes) at the same time
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Provides the __________ plants (F2 generation)
• Crossed a homozygous ________ (round yellow peas) with a homozygous________ (wrinkled, green peas)

Genes can act in various ways
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Dominant vs. Recessive – ____________________________________
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Incomplete Dominance
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Definition : _____________________________________________________
Ex: flowers – white x red flowers = _________ flowers
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Codominance
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Definition: _______________________________________________________
Ex: chicken feather – black and white alleles = __________________________
Colors don’t _________ like incomplete dominance
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Multiple Alleles
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Definition: __________________
_____________________________
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(more than 2 alleles exist in a population not an individual)
Ex: rabbit’s coat color
Ex: human’s _______________
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Polygenic Traits
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Definition: _______________________________________________
Ex: fruit fly red eyes -
____________________________________________
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Diff. combo of genes produce different eye colors

Ex: Human _______ color – more than 4 different genes
Human ________ – more than 50 genes
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Genes provide a plan for development, but how the plan unfolds also depends on the environment:
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Ex.
Butterflies have different wing colors depending on ___________
_______________
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Ex.
Hydrangea flowers are different colors depending on __________