Global Studies
Name
Latin America Review
Map
Label the following on the map using the corresponding number or letter.
Countries
1. Argentina
2. Bolivia
3. Brazil
4. Chile
5. Columbia
6. Cuba
7. Ecuador
8. Haiti
9. Mexico
10. Panama
11. Puerto Rico
12. Venezuela
Landforms
a. Amazon Basin
b. Andes Mountains
c. Baja California
d. Cape of Good Hope
e. Isthmus of Panama
f. Pampas Grasslands
g. Sierra Madres
h. Yucatan Peninsula
Bodies of Water
A. Amazon
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Caribbean
D. Gulf of Mexico
E. Pacific Ocean
F. Rio Grande
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Geography
Origin of term
“Latin America”
Isolating Factors
of Regions
Regionalism
Civilizations
Civilization
Maya
Location(s)
Decline
Aztec
Inca
Conquistadors
Tenochtitlan
Montezuma
Colonialism
Explorer
Columbus
Country
Discovery
Balboa
Magellan
Cabral
2 Main Colonial
Powers
Viceroy
Mercantilism
Haciendas
2
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Maroon Colonies Colonies formed by runaway slaves
Independence Movements
Revolutionary
Country (ies)
Toussant
L’Ouverture
Description
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San
Martin
Miguel
Hidalgo
Dom Pedro
Mexico (after independence; during time of military dictatorships)
Most Common
Ethnic Group
Mexican
Main Reason for revolution: unequal distribution of land. The poor
Revolution
and the middle class struggled in a civil war for 11 years to overthrow
the military dictatorship & ruling elite (similar to El Salvador and
many other Latin American countries…
NAFTA & Its
North America Free Trade Agreement- It removes tariffs (taxes) on
Members
goods traded among the U.S., Canada & Mexico, making the
economies more interdependent.
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Brazil- Modern, after independence
Most Common
Rain Forest
Landform
Ethnic Groups
Brazilian
Miracle
Current Energy
Status
Environmental
Problem
Cuba
Fidel Castro
(seen as Military
dictator also)
Government and
Economy Type
Cold War Ally
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile
Crisis
Trade Embargo
The improvement of the economy by a military government. They
invested in new industries that helped to improve the economy
They mix sugar cane (ethanol) with oil to produce gasohol.
Farmers have cut down and burned forests, causing pollution, poor
soil conditions and deforestation. Settlers have spread diseases to
Indians.
Led a rebellion against a corrupt dictatorship. He declared himself a
Marxist (communist) and set up a socialist nation. He took control of
foreign- owned sugar plantations and many other businesses- a
majority owned by U.S. citizens. This led to major conflicts with the
U.S. government.
Communist, - the government controls the jobs, factories and all the
means of production….and provide basic services like healthcare and
education to the people.
Soviet Union (enemy to the U.S.)
U.S. tried to overthrown Castro by training Cuban exiles and setting
them ashore at the “bay of pigs”. Cuban forces quickly defeated the
exiles and the overthrow did not happen. A huge humiliation for the
United States. (That we secretly helped to plan an overthrown of
Castro)
Castro allowed the Soviet Union to build missiles bases in Cuba and
the U.S. started a naval blockade against Cuba. Began a major
superpower crisis; world seemed the brink of war. The Soviets
eventually agreed to remove the missiles.
After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. cut off all relations and trade
with Cuba. It was an attempt to isolate Cuba. The result of this
ongoing embargo for over 50 years is Cuba is a self-sufficient
economy, but a poor economy.
Note: Before Fidel Castro, Batista was the leader of Cuba (also a dictatorship). Many American’s saw
Cuba as a “paradise”. Cuba had a “wealthy rich minority” that controlled most of the country- supported
by the U.S., and majority of the people were poor. Castro revolutionary socialist/communist ideas were
well supported by the majority of poor people in the country.
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Puerto Rico
Commonwealth
Status- selfgoverning
Has it’s own constitution and elections. They have to obey U.S. laws
but don’t pay federal taxes. Have most of the rights of citizens but
can’t vote for President or Congress.
US and Central America
Conflict in
El SalvadorTime of Romero
film…
Conflict in
Similar to El Salvador, the sides were switched… Rule of military
Nicaragua
dictatorships was overthrown and the “poor rebels/communist” take
over the government. The supporters of the old military dictatorship
take up arms to fight against the “communist/poor rebels” leading to a
brutal civil war in the country..
Note: the majority of the brutal civil wars happened in the late 70’s and 80’s in
many of these countries.
Current Issues
Debt
(Similar to newly
independent
African country)
Drug Trade
Environmental
problems
All of the newly independent countries borrowed lots of money to
develop their economies and build infrastructure(modernize). Many
of the projects did not work or lost money due to corruption. The
countries become in debt trying to repay these loans.
From the Latin American view, “ As long as the demand for drugs in
the U.S. is strong, the drug trade will remain strong.” In other words,
they think it is up to Americans to stop using drugs, or legalize drugs
to stop the drug trade.
Yes, with modernization comes environmental problems
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