Lesson 2 Outcomes
SWBAT…
1.
2.
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5.
Paris Peace Conference
identify the key participants and their demands during the Paris Peace
Conference of 1919
summarize the terms of the 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles
apply their knowledge of each country’s demands to a simulation activity that
requires cooperation, negotiation and diplomacy
analyze the key components of the Treaty of Versailles
evaluate the success and failure of the Conference in terms of war guilt,
reparations, national self-`determination and other key concepts
Activities
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8.
Review our findings from lesson #1 on the causes of WWI. Hand out on
“ANIMAL”
Conflict and Challenge – Unit I – student hand-out with learning outcomes
DBQ’s – International Cooperation & Conflict (Great Power Alliances).
Student time to work on - due next day for marks.
At this point in history, it is time for the belligerents to meet in Paris and
draw up terms of a treaty with the fundamental goal of preventing a future
world war.
Quick slide show on the multiple characters of the Conference. Student notesheet should be used so that faces and names are easily recognizable,
especially for the Big 3.
Division of students into countries for Conference preparation. The Big 3 will
have 4 specific members assigned to key points. The smaller nations will
have 1 representative who will be responsible for their key points.
Hand out bits of reading from Margaret MacMillan’s history of the
Conference: “1919”. Students now have time to read, research, and identify
their demands. Each group receives a pre-WWI map of Europe and part of
the exercise is to determine the new boundaries that will replace the broken
Empires.
1 class of student time to research, negotiate, and work out their terms.
Materials
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9.
Conflict and Challenge Unit Plan hand-out
“ANIMAL” handout
DBQ’s and answers
slide show on Conference characters
student note sheet for characters
student outline of Versailles simulation
blank Europe 1914 map
excerpts from “1919”, divided into countries.
book library and computer lab ahead of time!
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name _______________________
WORLD WAR I CAUSES – REVIEW
“ANIMAL”
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Alliances
a series of late 1800s and early 1900s “alliances” resulted in a chain reaction of events
leading to war
for example, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia entered the war
immediately on the side of Serbia
for example, when Germany invaded Belgium, Britain was forced to join because of a
pre-war agreement
Nationalism
a) to have “pride” in one’s country
soldiers on both sides wanted war… especially the British and Germans that wanted to
try out their new war toys!
Soldiers had a positive attitude about winning… the famous quote “We’ll be home by
Christmas”
B) strong cultural movements in a region or country where rights are not
recognized…this leads to self determination and/or independence movements
In the Balkans prior to 1914, nationalist Serbs were seeking self-determination from
Austria-Hungary… many Serbs lived within the border of A-H…this led to the bad feelings
and the assassination!
Imperialism
To gain political and economic control over other countries/colonies
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the British and French Empires were the strongest
imperialistic powers in the world (they controlled many colonies in Africa, S-E Asia and
the Caribbean)
Germany was jealous and power hungry… seeking a greater “place in the sun”
In the early 1900s, Germany attempted to take Morocco (in N. Africa) from France
causing conflict (France also had a “friendly alliance – an ‘Entente Cordiale” - that kicked
in when this happened.
Militarism
Britain had the strongest navy in the world and Germany had the strongest army in the
world, leading to confidence and militaristic rivalry…
Combined with new industrial/technological inventions, this also led to desire to try the
war toys (tanks, gas, airplanes)
Russia also had the largest army in the world, leading to its overconfidence
Assassination
In the Balkans nationalist conflict, a Serbian terrorist assassinated the Archduke of A-H,
Franz Ferdinand
Instead of blaming the terrorist group, A-H blamed Serbia, leading to the alliance chain
reaction
Left Over Feelings
Germany had defeated France in a recent conflict – the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 –
and bad feelings lingered
Germans also still occupied the prized French Alsace-Lorraine region along the
French/German border
History 12
Name _______________________
Ms. Lacroix
CONFLICT AND CHALLENGE: THE WORLD OF 1919
It is expected that students will:
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Identify the pre-WWI European alliance systems
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Explain the significance of nationalism and imperialism in the world of 1919
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define nationalism and imperialism
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identify new nations on a map of Europe
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identify mandates in the Middle East
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relate nationalism to reallocation of territories
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describe changes in the nature of imperialism
Evaluate the Paris Peace Conference
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Identify the key participants and explain their positions (Big 3)
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summarize the terms of the 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles with
reference to:
status of Germany and Austria
demilitarization
war guilt and reparations
League of Nations
National Self-Determination
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o
Formulate and defend a position on the outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles
Evaluate ways in which Lenin transformed Russia (Unit 1B)
Terms to know:
Pre-Unit I:
Primary document
Bias
Neo-imperialism
Militarism
Fascism
‘Blank Cheque’
secondary document
imperialism
socialism
communism
isolationism
Schlieffen Plan
reliability
nationalism
totalitarianism
capitalism
right/left wing
alliances
Unit 1A – Paris Peace Conference
Lloyd George
Orlando
Self-determination
British Mandates
Saar
League of Nations
‘Diktat’
Dalmatian Coast
Hegemony
Clemenceau
Treaty of Versailles
reparations
French Mandates
Polish Corridor
Rhineland
‘stab in the back’ theory
Italia Irredenta
successor states
Wilson
14 Points
Article 231
Balfour Declaration
Anschluss
de-militarized zone
Sudetenland
autarky
South Tyrol
Lenin
Collectivization
Rasputin
Bloody Sunday
Bolshevik
Liberals
Soviet
Provisional Government
July Offensive
Allied intervention
War Communism
Russo-Polish War
Comintern
Trotsky
communism
Duma
Proletariat
Menshevik
October Manifesto
Autocracy
Alexander Kerensky
Kornilov Conspiracy
Civil War
Kronstadt Mutiny
Treaty of Riga
Unit 1B - Russian Revolution
Marx
Stalin
Tsar Nicholas II
Pravda
Bourgeoisie
Socialist Revolutionaries
April Theses
Marxism/Leninism
Order No. 1
Sovnarkom
Cheka
New Economic Policy
Treaty of Rapollo
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name __________________________
PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE – THE BIG FOUR
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name ___________________________
Paris Peace Conference – Simulation
Date of Conference: Friday, February 8 & Monday, February 11 (1919)
Location: Room 310
Itinerary
Wednesday/Thursday prior  planning and research
Friday, February 8th, 1919
opening  Welcome to all delegations – Woodrow Wilson (USA)
15 minutes  larger delegations speak on what they wish to achieve from this
conference. (USA/UK/France/Italy)
30 minutes  Separate negotiation meetings:
-war costs & reparations
-map of Europe & colonies
-military strength
-War Guilt and prevention
-Clemenceau, Wilson, and Lloyd-George meetings (to be advised by floaters) to
negotiate all terms
15 minutes  smaller delegations to address the Conference
-Arab delegation
-Jewish delegation
-Italy, Yugoslavia, Rumania, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechs, Slovaks
-Germany (no power – just state concerns)
to close  Countries meet with leaders to discuss specific goals and intentions
Monday, February 11th, 1919
opening Woodrow Wilson welcomes people back for day two – shares hopes and
goals based on day 1
25 minutes  Countries meet with leaders to discuss specific goals and intentions
to close  Conference to hold a negotiation between the Big 3 to reach an agreement
on terms of the Treaty. Chief negotiators may speak or advise at this time. Each of the
major topics will be covered in order.
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name ______________________
THE BALANCE SHEET OF WAR
A.
Costs
Money Spent
Germany
Britain
Russia
U.S.A.
France
Italy
Austria
$50
$45
$25
$22
$22
$18
$18
Military Deaths
Russia
Germany
France
Austria
Britain
Italy
USA
2 million dead, 2 million missing
1.75 million dead
1.3 million dead
1.25 million dead
750 000 dead
667 000 dead
100 000 dead
War wounded and missing
Under arms
Dead, wounded & missing
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
– 26+ million
- 65+ million
– 36+ million (over 50% casualties)
Civilian Deaths
15 million
War deaths in Russia & Balkans
3-4 million
Flu epidemics
6 million
Armenian massacres
4 million
Plus German, Belgian, French, Austrian civilians
Plus: the effects of their children not born
B.
Hidden Costs & War Damage
C.
Gains at the Peace table
1.
Britain
2.
France
3.
Japan
4.
Italy
Tanganyika, S.W. Africa, Papua, Palestine, Jordan, bulk of
German merchant fleet, German navy, 1/5 of reparations
Alsace-Lorraine, Saar coal fields, Syria, Cameroon, ½ of
reparations
Shantung, Pacific Islands (Marianas, Carolinas, Marshalls)
Irredenta (but not Adriatic coast, Albania or parts of
Ottoman)
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name ______________________
SUMMARY OF WILSON’S 14 POINTS
1.
No more secret agreements between states
2.
Free navigation of the seas
3.
And end to all economic barriers between countries
4.
Countries should guarantee to reduce armaments
5.
Impartial adjustments of colonial claims, also taking into account the
interests of people living in the colonies
6.
Armies to be removed from Russian territory. Russia to be allowed
independent political development
7.
Belgium to be restored to independent sovereignty, as before the war
8.
France to recover all her territory, including Alsace-Lorraine
9.
Italian frontiers to be readjusted along lines of nationality
10.
Self-determination for subject-peoples of Austria-Hungary
11.
Self-determination and international guarantees of political and
economic independence for Balkan States
12.
Self-determination and international guarantees of political and
economic independence for Balkan States
13.
An independent Poland to be created; it should include ‘indisputably
Polish populations; and have access to the sea as well as international
guarantees
14.
A League to be set up to guarantee the political and territorial
independence of all states.
EUROPE 1919
History 12
Ms. Lacroix
Name _________________________________
GREAT POWER ALLIANCES – DBQ
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6
Source A – Great Power comparisons, 1914
Entente
Population
Land forces
Arms spending
Battleships
Alliance
Population
Land forces
Arms spending
Battleships
Britain
45 million
711 000
£ 50 million
64
Germany
65 million
2 200 000
£ 60 million
49
France
40 million
1 250 000
£ 37 million
28
Russia
164 million
1 200 000
£ 67 million
16
Austria-Hungary
50 million
810 000
£ 22 million
16
Source B – Alliances by 1914
Source C - adapted from a secondary text: Comments on the European
international scene
The international scene was changed by the eclipse of Russia, the emergence of
Germany and the Entente. Grey (British Foreign Secretary) was determined to
stand by France. He was impatient to see Russia re-established in European
politics. He looked forward to an agreement with Russia that would extend the
Entente with France. He wanted friendly relations with Germany provided
Germany accepted Britain’s friendly relations with France and Russia.
Source D
British Colonial Secretary, 1912
The assumption that we are in fact members of a new Triple Alliance, opposed to
the old (i.e. the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italy) is so mischievous
and dangerous that I think some early opportunity should be taken of making it
clear to both France and Russia that such an assumption is wholly opposed to
our policy and intentions.
Source E-
An American observer, 1914:
The situation is extraordinary. It is militarism run stark mad. Unless someone
can bring about a different understanding there is some day to be an awful
catastrophe. No one in Europe can do it. There is to much hatred, too many
jealousies. When England consents, France and Russia will close in on Germany
and Austria.
Knowledge/Understanding:
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3.
What made Europe an increasingly dangerous place in the years
before 1914?
To what extent did the results of military and diplomatic developments
before 1914 give a seeming advantage to the Entente Powers?
How important was Britain’s role in Europe in the years before 1914?
Evidence
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3.
How reliable is Source D as evidence of British Government attitudes
towards Europe?
In what ways are the ideas put forward in Sources D and E similar or
different? Explain.
Does Source D or Source E give the more convincing explanation of
the European situation before 1914? Explain.