Project of the Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at
JINR Dubna: Perpectives of Heavy Ion and Spin Physics
R. Lednicky, JINR Dubna
 Introduction
 Physics motivation
 Progress of NICA project
 HI physics at NICA – Multi-Purpose Detector
 Spin physics at NICA – Spin Physics Detector
 Conclusions
October 6-11, 2008
SPIN 2008, Charlottesville
JINR NUCLOTRON
Project parameters: maximum energy
5 GeV/nucl. for nuclei with А ~ 200.
Introduction
New strategic course of the JINR in relativistic heavy ions &
particle physics is based on:
- development of the home accelerator facility NICA
providing relativistic heavy ions & polarized beams
- scientific programs at home & external accelerators including
a study of various phases of strongly interacting matter,
urgent topics of particle physics and spin physics
Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics is a high priority task in many
scientific centers (BNL, CERN, GSI, JINR,..)
since last few decades
Theoretical motivation of a study of relativistic heavy ion collisions
in GeV region is well founded, including the works of JINR
theoretitions:
A.Sissakian, A.Sorin, V.Toneev, G.Zinoviev etc
Schematic space-time evolution of the
collision of relativistic heavy ions
Hadron gas
Time
Freezout
~10-15 fm/c
Mixed
Phase
QGM
Pre-equilibrium
Initial nuclei
Space
Accelerators of relativistic ions
Synchrophasotron &
Nucloctron (JINR)
Elab ~
AGS (BNL)
√SNN =
3 GeV
Elab ~ 11 AGeV
√SNN =
5 GeV
SPS (CERN)
Elab ~ 158 AGeV
√SNN = 18 GeV
RHIC (BNL)
√SNN = 200 GeV
Elab~ 80 000 AGeV
LHC (CERN 2009)
√SNN = 5600 GeV
Elab ~ 6,3 107 AGeV
SIS300 (FAIR-GSI 2016)
Elab ~ 34 AGeV
√SNN =
8,5 GeV
Elab ~
40 AGeV
NICA (JINR 2014)
4.2 AGeV
√SNN = 9 GeV
Why NICA and FAIR are so
important
The energies of the NICA and FAIR sit right on top of the
region where the baryon density at the freeze-out is
expected to be the highest. It will thus allow to analyze
the highest baryonic density under laboratory
conditions.
Also, in this energy range the system occupies a maximal
space-time volume in the mixed quark-hadron phase
(the phase of coexistence of hadron and quark-qluon
matter similar to the water-vapor coexistence-phase).
FREEZE-OUT AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
Critical end-point
1st order
Ivanov, Russkikh,Toneev ’06 :
At lower energies the system spents
an essential time in the mixed phase
NICA&FAIR
sNN = 9 AGeV
Randrup, Cleymans ‘06 :
The freeze-out baryon density is
maximal at sNN= (4+4) GeV
covered by NICA and FAIR
SNN = 4-9 GeV is a most promising
energy region to search for mixed
phase & critical end-point
Besides NICA & FAIR also RHIC & SPS
plan to partly cover this energy range
NICA development plans
 2008 -2009
NUCLOTRON
extracted beams (p, d, Li, C, …) & internal target
(d beam) & polarized (||) proton target
Running period: 2 x~ 600 h/year (~1/2 R&D for machine)
efforts are made to extend
 2010 -2013
NUCLOTRON-M (the first stage of NICA)
beams up to A ~ 200
~ 4 GeV/u (for Au)
extracted beams ~ 109 I/pulse
d beam & polarized proton target (||, )
 2014
COLLIDER NICA
beams: A= 1 – 238 (U92+), SNN = 4-9 GeV, L>1027cm-2s-1
with at least two interaction points:
MPD - MultiPurpose Detector (to search for mixed phase)
SPD - Spin Physics Detector in (d,p) beams
8
NICA Project preparation
http://nica.jinr.ru/
•
Last version of CDR is available
•
Some parameters of the facility
complex are clarified and
corrected
Project Leaders:
• SubprojectA.Sissakian,
NUCLOTRON-M
was A.Kovalenko,
A.Sorin,
reviewed by
Machine Advisory
I.Meshkov,
G.Trubnikov
Committee & passed the
consideration at the PAC
•
Next steps:
CDR revision by international MAC
and preparation of TDR
9
Progress in NICA Project preparation
The first stage NUCLOTRON-M is well advanced
PAC recommended for further development
Some parameters of the NICA facility complex
are clarified & corrected
in preparation for critical review by MAC
2T super-ferric magnet R&D close to completion
mass production plans - in preparation
4T magnet R&D program - in preparation
all in close coop with the GSI/FAIR
(also for SIS100/300)
Engineering infrastructure project preparation has started
(collider allocation feasibility, cost estimate etc.)
10
Progress in NICA Project preparation
Collaborators / Subcontractors active involvement
Institute for Nuclear Research of RAS (Moscow)
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk)
Institute of High Energy Physics (Protvino)
Russian State Specialized Design Institute (Rosatom, Moscow)
MoU with GSI/FAIR is under preparation
& others
Essential steps towards TDR !
11
NICA new working schema
Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of
at energy of 6 MeV/u
238U32+
Booster (25 Tm)
2(3?) single-turn injections,
storage of 3.2×109,
acceleration up to 50 MeV/u,
electron cooling,
acceleration
up to 440 MeV/u
Collider (45 Tm)
Storage of
17 bunches  1109 ions per ring
at 13.5 GeV/u,
electron and/or stochastic cooling
Stripping (40%)
IP-1
Two
superconducting
collider rings
IP-2
2х17 injection
cycles
238U32+

238U92+
Nuclotron (45 Tm)
injection of one bunch
of 1.1×109 ions,
acceleration up to
13.5 GeV/u max.
Bunch compression (“overturn” in phase space)
12
Collider NICA new major parameters
Ring circumference, m
Interaction points
Beta function at interaction point *, m
Momentum spread (rms)
251
2
0.5
0.001
Bunch length, m
0.3
Particle number per bunch
109
Bunch number
17
Ion kinetic energy, E[GeV/u], min/max
1/3.5
Luminosity, L [cm-2s-1], average for U
1027
13
Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics at NICA
The MPD experiment is proposed
to study in-medium properties of hadrons,
& search for phase transition, mixed phase
& critical end-point
in collisions of heavy ions (over atomic mass range A = 1-238)
by scanning the energy region SNN = 4 - 9 GeV
MPD project preparation foresees two stages:
–detector design & R&D targeting to detect light hadrons
(as probes of the phase transition)
-consideration of possibilities to detect lepton probes
simultaneously permanent efforts are made
to organize the collaboration & look for new ideas
& prepare the White Book
14
MPD experiment – first stage goals
the effects to be studied in ion interactions performing
system size (A) & energy & centrality scanning :
 Event-by-event fluctuation in hadron production
(multiplicity, Pt etc.)
 Femtoscopic correlations indicating the space-time size of
the systems involving π, K, p, Λ
(possible changes near to the critical end-point)
 Multi-strange hyperon production:
yield & spectra (the probes of nuclear media phases)
 Directed & elliptic flows for various hadrons
 Leptonic probes - feasibility under study
dedicated experiment under consideration
15
Fluctuations: theoretical status
Lattice QCD predictions: Fluctuations of the quark number
density (susceptibility) at μ_B >0 (C.Allton et al., 2003)

2
P

2
2
4
T
   q / T  T  T fixed
q
χq (quark number density
fluctuations) will be enhanced
at the critical end point
0
Experimental goal:
Search for nonmonotonic
behavior of particle number,
charge … fluctuations in energy
and system size scan
Not yet seen !
Collective flows
Non-central collisions
Interactions between constituents lead to a
pressure gradients => spatial asymmetry is
converted in asymmetry in momentum
space => collective flows
dN
dN
1
1  2v1cos( )  2v 2cos(2 )  ...

dyp Tdp Td dyp Tdp T 2π
directed
flow
elliptic
flow
v2 at RHIC close to maximal as predicted by
hydro for perfect liquid
v2 scales with the number of constituent quarks
hot and dense (quark) matter with partonic collectivity
has been formed at RHIC
MPD conceptual design
MPD basic geometry
0.5 T solenoid (SC coil)
Time Projection Chamber (TPC)
for tracking & precise momentum
measurement in the region -1 < η < 1
Inner Tracker (IT) - silicon strip detector /
micromegas for tracking close to the
interaction region.
Outer Tracker (OT) – Straw (barrel)
for tagging
End Cap Tracker (ECT) - Straw (radial)
for tracking & p-measurement at | h | > 1
Time of Flight (TOF) - RPC (+ start/stop
sys.) for charged particle identification
Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC)
for e, , p0 reconstruction
Beam-Beam Counters (BBC)
to define centrality & interaction point
Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)
for centrality definition
MPD acceptance in pseudorapidity is
nearly the same in the NICA energy region
- important for fluctuation studies
MPD
Advantage of collider geometry in
energy scan
At fixed target geometry:
• detector acceptance changes with energy
• track density at mid-y increases fast with
energy
-> technical difficulties in tracking
Comparison of experiments
Facility
SPS
RHIC
NICA
SIS-300
Detector
NA61
STAR
MPD
CBM
PHENIX
BRAHMS
Start (year)
2010
2010
2014
2015
NN c,m. energy GeV
6-17
6-50
≤9
≤ 8.5
Event rate
100 Hz
~10 Hz
≤ 10 KHz
≤ 10 MHz
0<h<4
different
-2.5<h<2.5
0<h<4
<2p
acceptances
= 2p
<2p
CP,OD
CP,OD
CP,OD,HDM
CP,OD,HDM
for c.m. energy 8 GeV
Acceptance
Physics
CP – critical endpoint
OD – onset of deconfinement
HDM – hadronic dense matter
NICA will give also unique
possibilities for spin physics:
- p, D beams with high
polarizqtion (>50%)
- high luminosity (>1030 cm-2 s-1)
- spin rotation L/T
- polarimetry to ~3%
- nearly 4p detector SPD
q G
Lq v q
Lg
Spin Physics at NICA
Working Group started preparation of the spin physics
program to operate with polarized pp, pD & DD beams.
Preliminary topics:
 Matveev-Muradyan-Tavkhelidze-Drell-Yan (MMT-DY)
processes with L&T polarized p & D beams
 extraction of unknown (poor known) PDF
 PDFs from J/production processes
 Spin effects in baryon, meson and photon production
 Spin effects in various exclusive reactions
 Diffractive processes
 Cross sections, helicity amplitudes & double spin asymmetries
(Krisch effect) in elastic reactions
 Spectroscopy of quarkonia with any available decay modes
 Polarimetry
23
Conceptual design for Spin Physics Detector
Preliminary scheme ot the SPD
experimental set-up
(SPD)
A.Nagaitsev, I.Savin,
O.Shevchenko, etc.
Requirements to the detector :
•
4p geometry to enlarge MMT-DY event statistics
•
•
minimal X0 – effective detection of lepton pairs
good angular resolution
– very important for azimuthal
spin asymmetries measurements
in the wide kinematical region
Set-up for muon pairs detection is also under consideration
24
SPD main parts
Preliminary scheme ot the SPD experimental set-up
 toroid magnet system (Bdl ~ 0.4Tl m)
minor influence on beam polarization
transverse field matching the momentum
no fringe field
 Silicon or MicroMega (inner tracking)
 Drift chambers or straw (for tracking)
 Cherenkov counter (for PID & trigger)
 EM calorimeter
 Trigger counters
 EndCap detectors
Set-up
for muon
is also under
consideration
Similar
topairs
thedetection
PAX set-up
(hep-ex/0505054)
25
NEW SPIN PROGRAM AT JINR
Preliminary estimations of the Drell-Yan processes feasibility
DY cross sections (nb) in comparison with PAX (GSI,FAIR) &
possibility to increase the statistics (month of data taking)
PAX background estimations
26
NEW SPIN PROGRAM AT JINR
Preliminary estimations of J/ statistics in comparison with
Drell-Yan statistics (factor of 10 higher)
R. Lednicky
27
NEW SPIN PROGRAM AT JINR
The SSA for 100k DY events
sin(+S):
access to transversity and
Boer-Mulders PDFs
Sissakian, Shevchenko, Nagaytsev,
PRD 72 (2005), EPJ C46 (2006)
sin(-S):
access to Sivers PDFs
Efremov,… PLB 612(2005), PRD 73(2006)
28
Experiments on MMT-DY measurements
Experiment
Status
Remarks
E615
Finished
Only unpolarized MMT-DY
NA10
Finished
Only unpolarized MMT-DY
E886
Running
Only unpolarized MMT-DY
RHIC
Running
Detector upgrade for MMT-DY measurements
(collider)
PAX
Plan > 2016
p
Problem with polarization
(collider)
COMPASS
Plan > 2010
Only valence PDFs
J-PARC
Plan > 2011
low s (60-100 GeV2), only unpolarized proton
beam
SPASCHARM
Plan?
s ~ 140 GeV2 for unpolarized proton beam
NICA
Plan 2014
s ~ 670 GeV2 for polarized proton beams, high
luminosity (collider)
Conclusions
 The strategic plans of JINR in HEP is targeting to
the developments of home accelerator facility
& corresponding scientific program
 NICA /MPD /SPD – project provides good opportunity
for the frontier experimental researches at JINR in
the forthcoming decade
 New laboratory - LHEP was founded (May 4, 2008) to
concentrate efforts for realization of these plans
30
Welcome to the
collaboration!
Thank you for attention!
R. Lednicky
April 2, 2008
A.N.Sissakian, A.S.Sorin
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