Law of Arrest Study Guide, Part II What is an “invalid” arrest? Does an invalid arrest operate to bar or preclude a subsequent prosecution for the offense for which the arrest was originally made? What does the phrase “Fruit of the poisonous tree” mean? See Wong Sun v U.S., 371 U.S. 471 (1963) How does it apply to an invalid arrest? What do the Williams cases (Brewer v Williams and Nix v Williams) tell us about an exception to this doctrine? What is the basis or requirement for the “independent basis” exception? When a peace officer makes an arrest, what obligation or obligations does the arresting officer have with regard to the person arrested? How do an arrest and Miranda warnings interrelate? What does Payton V New York tell us about entry of a residence effect an arrest? Steagald? What interest does a search warrant protect? How does the arrest warrant requirement in Payton serve this same interest if it does?