IPM & Avocados in Australia
Dan Papacek
Integrated Pest Management p/l
Bugs for Bugs
Mundubbera, Q
Australia
Australian
Citrus Regions
Central
Burnett
District
Components of an IPM
system
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biological control (Classical)
Monitoring Systems
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
Decision Making & Management
Research & Feedback
Components of an IPM system
• Biological control (Classical)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monitoring Systems
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
Decision Making & Management
Research & Feedback
Components of an IPM system
• Biological control (Classical)
• Monitoring Systems
•
•
•
•
•
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
Decision Making & Management
Research & Feedback
Sampling Sites Required
Block Area (Ha.)
Sites Required
Time (min.)
0-2
2-3
3-4
4-8
8-16
>16
10
12
15
20
25
30
20-30
25-35
30-45
40-60
50-75
60-90
Components of an IPM
system
• Biological control (Classical)
• Monitoring Systems
• Data Recording & Reporting
•
•
•
•
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
Decision Making & Management
Research & Feedback
Field Data Pre - Sort
Block
1
2
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
5
7
7
8
8
9
9
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
Var
N
Gf
I
H
I
Gf
V
E
N
E
Gf
I
N
E
N
E
H
Mc
I
Mc
N
V
Date
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
8-Dec
Ev
130
14
6
54
12
36
55
2
56
18
2
4
68
17
63
0
102
0
5
0
17
0
Po
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ta
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CRS
24
0
2
2
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
12
0
12
1
2
2
3
1
42
0
CMB
50
62
4
8
0
46
15
0
18
4
28
2
15
3
8
2
6
10
0
9
25
10
Fl
4
6
12
0
18
14
25
6
2
6
34
6
10
3
5
3
2
24
0
5
1
0
Scb
Bm
Wl
Lw
2
17
Mbp
Cm
11
5
8
17
Field Data Post - Sort
Block
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Var
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Date
Oct 9
Oct 16
Oct 30
Nov 12
Nov 27
Dec 8
Dec 18
Jan 5
Jan 16
Jan 27
Feb 9
Feb 20
Mar 5
Mar 18
Mar 31
Apr 14
Apr 27
May 12
Ev
0
2
0
7
7
68
70
378
260
72
20
25
18
20
52
18
16
14
Po
Ta
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CRS
0
0
0
15
30
12
8
12
20
7
8
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
CMB
0
0
0
2
24
15
28
34
15
13
6
3
3
0
2
0
0
0
Fl
0
0
0
0
7
10
8
0
2
0
3
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
Scb
Bm
Wl
Lw
Mbp
Cm
8
21
16
8
8
25
22
25
Kugel’s 2 Ellendales 96/97
100
Cu
Zn
w
Mz
w
T
90
Aph
Aph
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10-Sep
11-Oct
11-Nov
12-Dec
12-Jan
12-Feb
15-Mar
15-Apr
16-May
16-Jun
17-Jul
Chart Key
90
Fungicides
Cu - Copper
Mz - Mancozeb
MDKP - Phos. Acid
An - Antracol
B - Benlate
Black Spot
80
Oriental Mite
70
Jassid (Flush Positive)
Aphytis Parasitism
60
Miticides
K - Kelthane
S - Sulphur
T - Torque
Cryptolaemus
Mealy bug Parasite
Lacewing
50
Growth Regulators
Eth - Ethrel
GA - Gibb. Acid
Nutritional
Zn - Zinc
Mn - Manganese
KNit - Pot. Nitrate
CaNit - Cal. Nitrate
Sw - Seaweed
Mg - Magnesium
HL - Hydrated Lime
Bx - Borax
White Louse Scale
40
Adjuvants
W - Wetter
Coda - Codacide Oil
Broad Mite
Spined Citrus Bug
30
Flatid
Beneficials
Aph - Aphytis
Cm - Cryptolaemus
Lw - Lacewing
Dio - Diomus
Mealy bug
20
Red Scale
Maori Mite
10
Insecticides
L - Lorsban
En - Endosulfan
Sc - Supracide
Pir - Pirimor
Rg - Rogor
Yellow Rust Mite
Predatory Mite
0
6-Sep
7-Oct
7-Nov
8-Dec
8-Jan
8-Feb
11-Mar
11-Apr
12-May
12-Jun
13-Jul
Components of an IPM system
• Biological control (Classical)
• Monitoring Systems
• Data Recording & Reporting
• Use of Mass Reared Beneficial
Insects
• Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
• Decision Making & Management
• Research & Feedback
Components of an IPM system
•
•
•
•
Biological control (Classical)
Monitoring Systems
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
• Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
• Decision Making & Management
• Research & Feedback
Components of an IPM system
•
•
•
•
•
Biological control (Classical)
Monitoring Systems
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
• Decision Making & Management
• Research & Feedback
Components of an IPM system
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biological control (Classical)
Monitoring Systems
Data Recording & Reporting
Use of Mass Reared Beneficial Insects
Cultural Practices for Improved IPM
Decision Making & Management
• Research & Feedback
Consultant
(Scout)
Grower
Researcher
Triad of Co-operation
Fruit Quality (orchard 1)
100%
Juice Fruit
2nd Grade
1st Grade
50%
0%
Yr1
Yr2
Pre-IPM
Yr3
Yr4
Yr5
Post-IPM
Yr6
Fruit Quality (orchard 2)
100%
Juice Fruit
2nd Grade
1st Grade
50%
0%
Yr1
Yr2
Pre-IPM
Yr3
Yr4
Post-IPM
Insecticides & Miticides ($AUS) : Orchard 1
30000
Pre-IPM
Post-IPM
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Yr1
Yr2
Yr3
Yr4
Yr5
Yr6
Insecticides & Miticides ($AUS) : Orchard 2
60000
Pre-IPM
Post-IPM
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Yr1
Yr2
Yr3
Yr4
Adoption of IPM in Citrus
Total no. of growers = 54
50
40
30
20
10
0
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
Year
Aphytis Release - Comparative Cost
500
400
methidathion + wetter
300
Aphytis
200
100
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Aphytis (thousands per hectare)
Aphytis Release Trial - Parasitism
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5-Dec
15-Dec 25-Dec
4-Jan
14-Jan 24-Jan
3-Feb
Aphytis Release Trial - Live Scale
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5-Dec
15-Dec 25-Dec
4-Jan
14-Jan 24-Jan
3-Feb
IPM p/l - Organisational Structure
Directors
Admin
External
Research
&
Consulting
Field
Monitoring
Lab
Services
Insectary
Despatch
Team A
(local)
Team B
(local)
Team C
(distant)
Host
Material
(Pumpkins,
Wheat)
Sitotroga
Moths
(wheat)
Trichogramma
Lacewings
Scale
Insects
(pumpkins)
Aphytis
Chilocorus
Irrigation
Services
Maintenance
Cleaning
Mealybugs
(pumpkins)
Cryptolaemus
Leptomastix
Workshop
Repairs
Construction
Yandilla Park Farm #10 - 45 Avocado 99/00
100
cuoh
oil
90
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
w
endo
cuoh
w
Jan
Feb
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
80
70
60
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Yandilla Park Farm #10 - 46 Avocado 99/00
100
cuoh
oil
90
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
endo cuoh
cuoh w
w
cuoh
w
80
70
60
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Yandilla Park Farm #10 - 47 Avocado 99/00
100
cuoh
oil
90
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
zn
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
cuoh
w
cuoh cuoh
w
w
cuoh
w
80
70
60
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
AVOCADO CHART KEY 99/00
Mealy Bug
70
Thrip/Citrus Rust Thrip
Pink Wax Scale
60
Cryptolaemus
Lacewing
50
Anthracnose
Looper Damage
40
QFF Damage
%
Spider Mite
30
Flatid
Looper
20
Fruitspotting Bug/Damage
Latania Scale
10
Predatory Mite
0
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar