Lesson Plan
Course Title: Concepts of Engineering and Technology
Session Title: Basic Electricity and Electronics: Module 1 - Basic Electricity
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to demonstrate their understanding of basic
electricity and electronic fundamentals through satisfactory performance on the Basic Electricity
and Electronics Quiz.
Specific Objectives:
The student is able to:
 Recall how charge creates electrical forces
 Review basic atomic theory within a new framework for understanding electricity
 Define the basic electrical quantities
 Create the foundation for understanding transistors and digital electronics
 Recall that sound is a pressure wave that can be produced by a vibrating speaker cone
 Work problems involving Ohm’s Law
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Concepts of Engineering and Technology:

130.362 (c)(1)(B)(C)(D)
...identify the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with technological systems;
...describe the difference between open and closed systems;
...describe how technological systems interact to achieve common goals;

130.362 (c)(6)(A)(B)(C)(D)
...identify and describe the fundamental processes needed for a project, including design
and prototype development;
...identify the chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of engineering materials;
...use problem-solving techniques to develop technological solutions;
...use consistent units for all measurements and computations;

130.362 (c)(8)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
...describe applications of process control and automation systems;
...describe career opportunities in process control and automation systems;
...apply design concepts to problems in process control and automation systems;
...identify fields related to process control and automation systems; and
...identify emerging issues in process control and automation systems.
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1
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
Algebra I:

111.32 (b)(1)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
...describe independent and dependent quantities in functional relationships;
...gather and record data and use data sets to determine functional relationships
between quantities;
...describe functional relationships for given problem situations and write equations or
inequalities to answer questions arising from the situations;
...represent relationships among quantities using concrete models, tables, graphs,
diagrams, verbal descriptions, equations, and inequalities; and
...interpret and make decisions, predictions, and critical judgments from functional
relationships.

111.32 (b)(3)(A)(B)
...use symbols to represent unknowns and variables; and
...look for patterns and represent generalizations algebraically.

111.32 (b)(4)(A)(B)
...find specific function values, simplify polynomial expressions, transform and solve
equations, and factor as necessary in problem situations;
...use the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to simplify algebraic
expressions;
Integrated Physics and Chemistry:


112.38 (b)(5)(C)(F)
…demonstrate that moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving
magnets produce electric forces; and
…evaluate the transfer of electrical energy in series and parallel circuits and conductive
materials.
112.38 (b)(6)(B)(D)
…relate chemical properties of substances to the arrangement of their atoms or
molecules; and
…relate the physical and chemical behavior of an element, including bonding and
classification, to its placement on the periodic table.
Teacher Preparation:
Review basic DC theory and Ohm’s law. The section on Basic Electricity is covered in the first
22 slides. The next section covering Basic Electronics is much longer, taking 38 slides. We have
used a CD player as a real world example of how we use electricity and electronics. There are
plenty of other devices (that students use) that can be used. Tell students if they want to
understand how these work they must understand some of the basics of electricity and
electronics. Try to read ahead and relate some of the information given in the basics to the
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
2
more advanced electronics of the next section, Basic Electronics. The coverage of the CD is a
little spotty at times, but do your best to keep some kind of focus on applications of the
electricity and electronics covered.
References:
Gerrish, H. & Dugger, W. Jr., & Roberts, R. Electricity and Electronics. Goodheart-Willcox.
Karsnitz, J. & Hutchinson, J., & O’Brien, S. (2008). Engineering Design and Introduction.
Cengage Learning Inc./Delmar.
Use Wikipedia as a resource.
Instructional Aids:
1. Module 1 – Basic Electricity PPT presentation
2. Basic Electricity and Electronics problem worksheet and key
3. Basic Electricity and Electronics terms and definitions handout
4. Basic Electricity and Electronics quiz
5. Basic Electricity and Electronics quiz key
Materials Needed:
1. CD-ROM disk
2. Paper
3. Pen or pencil
Equipment Needed:
1. Computer with access to Internet
2. Projector
3. CD player
4. Unshielded speaker
Learner Preparation:
Students need a basic understanding of algebra in order to solve equations and define
variables.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
SAY: Today we are going to start learning about the basics of electricity and electronics.
ASK: Does anyone know where electricity comes from? (conversion of energy from one form to
another, like chemical to electrical or mechanical to electrical)
SHOW: Here is a wire.
SAY: This wire is a solid. However, there are particles in here that move and allow electrical
current to flow.
ASK: Does anyone know what particle in this wire allows electricity to flow? (the electrons)
SHOW: A CD-ROM disk
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3
ASK: Does anyone here know how this really works?
SAY: There are tiny pits and spaces that a laser reads as binary one’s and zero’s. The one’s
and zero’s are in a form of binary code that represents the music.
ASK and SHOW: A CD player. This player converts the binary code into music. Does anyone
here know how this works?
SAY: This converts the code to a voltage signal using principles of the audible hearing
frequency range.
SAY: Frequencies from 20 to 20 thousand cycles per second are produced by sending the
signal out as a voltage 44 thousand 100 times per second.
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline.
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
I. Basic Electricity and Electronics - Speakers and
CD
A. A speaker is like a DC motor, converting
electrical energy into mechanical energy,
and can be used as an introduction to that
topic.
B. A microphone is like an AC generator
converting mechanical energy (sound
pressure waves) into electrical energy.
C. Lower frequencies require more sound
pressure variation, higher frequencies
require less.
D. The more sound pressure needed, the
more energy needed. Bass requires far
more energy than treble.
E. All signal information uses the same 16
bits per channel, regardless of the
amplitude (unlike MP3 data).
F. Changes in frequency are not a part of the
recorded signal itself but are the result of
signal changes from sample to sample.
Start with slide one of
Basic Electricity and
Electronics: Module 1
– Basic Electricity
PowerPoint
presentation.
Speakers and CD
audio can require
much more description
than given.
II. Basic Electricity and Electronics
A. The first major concept is that electrons do
the work in an electrical circuit.
B. This provides a great framework to review
basic atomic structure.
C. Electrons must be separated from the
atom both to flow for current and to build
up the charge needed to provide the force
(voltage) used in an electric circuit
The basic electricity
and electronics section
starts on slide 9. This
is important material
that needs to be
covered so students
can understand the
operation of the
transistor and the
We are trying to hook
the students by using
a real world example.
Devices that convert
energy from one form
to another are called
transducers.
Use Wikipedia as a
resource.
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4
circuits to follow.
.
III. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract
A. This is called the weak electrical force.
B. Electrons have a negative charge.
C. Protons have a positive charge.
D. Electrons are attracted to the protons in
the nucleus.
E. Protons are attracted to protons in the
nucleus through the strong electrical force.
Continue with PPT
presentation.
IV. The electron configuration creates the similar
properties that allow groups of elements to form the
familiar periodic table of the elements
A. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or
layers.
B. Different layers can have different numbers
of electrons.
C. The most electrons an atom can have in
an outer shell is 8.
D. 8 electrons in an outer shell creates a
stable atom and a stable molecule, or
combination of atoms.
E. Atoms combine into molecules to get 8
electrons in the outer shell, which are
shared.
There are 3 forms of
bonding: Ionic,
covalent, and metallic.
V. Basic digital principles and introducing the next
topic, transistors.
The last slide in this
section discusses
some basic digital
principles and
concludes by
introducing the next
topic, transistors.
Introducing digital is a
kind of a teaser, they
are going to have to
get through the section
on transistors before
we start to cover digital
and logic in more
detail.
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VI. As an extension/enrichment activity, you can end
this section by asking students to do further research
on CD audio.
A. Students can do a research paper and/or a
presentation on CD audio. One particularly
interesting feature is that even though CD
audio was advanced technology for its time, it
relied on analog signal principles the same
way that AM or FM radio does.
B. Advanced students can do research on
MP3 technology.
C. How does digital radio or the new HD TV
broadcasts differ from older analog
transmission?
Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
You may want to break
out of the lecture mode
by having students do
their own research.
MP3 technical details
are particularly
complex, and not
easily found on the
Internet.
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Question and answer with definitions. Example: What is the definition of voltage? What is the
definition of current? What is the definition of resistance? What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
What is the symbol for voltage (V)? What is the symbol for current? (I) What are the three
fundamental particles in an atom?
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Have students study how a speaker works. Wikipedia is a good source. Have students work
problems involving Ohm’s law. Students should work a number of problems, solving for each of
the three quantities.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Question: Can you see a speaker cone move for high frequency sounds? What about for low
frequencies? How does sound volume relate to speaker cone movement?
Answer: No and yes. However, you can feel the speaker move for the high frequency signals.
What does this say about our sense of touch vs. vision? Touch the speaker gently, by the way.
This may be a good way to introduce the concepts of amplitude vs. frequency, and power
required to produce.
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Question: Can you see electricity? How do you know it’s there? Can you feel it?
Answer: You cannot see it, but you can see many of its effects, like light and heat. For safety,
you never want to touch an electrical circuit. Use a multimeter or other testing device.
Question: What element has 6 protons? What element has 23 protons? What element has 23
neutrons?
Answer: Carbon, Vanadium, and we can’t tell without more information (like atomic weight, not
atomic number). Actually, no element. Perhaps an isotope of Scandium.
Question: Ohm’s Law uses what 3 quantities?
Answer: Voltage, current, resistance.
Question: What are some other forms of energy we can convert to electrical energy?
Answer: Thermal, light, pressure
Question: Why do we use electricity instead of other forms of energy?
Answer: We do use other forms of energy, but electricity can be converted into those other
forms, and electricity is easy to transmit efficiently while many of the other forms of energy are
not as easy to transmit.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Students should write out definitions, and complete Problems Worksheet.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Basic Electricity and Electronics Quiz.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
Students can do further research on CD audio. Students that are interested can do research on
speaker operation, design, and optimization (woofer, midrange, tweeter). One interesting
subject is how MP3 technology works, and how it is different from CD audio. Wikipedia is a
good source, but a better source is (http://oreilly.com/catalog/mp3/chapter/ch02.html). This
would be a great topic for a presentation or a research paper.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
7
Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One – Terms and Definitions
1. Volt – is a potential difference between two points.
2. Energy - is the fundamental ability to do work.
3. KW-Hr - is a unit of energy.
4. Electrical load - is any resistive element connected to a power supply.
5. Joule per second - is a unit of power.
6. Sound - is the movement of air molecules.
7. Current – is the movement of electrons.
8. Voltage - is force created by the buildup of charge.
9. Resistance – is the opposition to current flow.
10.Ohm – is the unit of resistance.
11.Coulomb – is the unit of electrical charge.
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Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One – Quiz
1. Which device opposes current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Coil
2. Which of the following is a control device?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Resistor
Switch
Fuse
Ground
3. What is the most common material a resistor is made from?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Silicon
Metal film
Carbon
Ceramics
4. Which of the following is the symbol for current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
V
Ω
I
5. How much resistance does an insulator have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zero
Some
A lot
Infinite
6. Different elements always have different numbers of ___________?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Protons
Neutrons
Atoms
Atomic shells
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7. A volt is a/an:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Potential difference between two points
Unit of charge on an electron
Rate of flow of charge
Opposition to current flow
8. How many forms of Ohm’s Law are there?
a.
b.
c.
d.
One
Two
Three
Four
9. Energy is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The
The
The
The
fundamental ability to do work
rate at which energy is used
amount when one joule is used in one second
maximum amount of power dissipated without damage
10. A KW-Hr is a unit of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Energy
Power
Heat
Voltage times current
11. An electrical load is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Any weight being carried
The amount of horsepower in a circuit
Any resistive element connected to a power supply
Taking more than four classes a semester
12. Which of the following is a unit of power?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Joule
Joule per second
Joule-second
Volt-ohm
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10
13. When the voltage across a resister is doubled, the current will:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Triple
Halve
Double
Not change
14. When the resistance in a circuit is doubled, the current will:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Triple
Halve
Double
Not change
15. Sound is the movement of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Air molecules
Electrons
Protons
Electricity
16. A speaker acts similar to a:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Generator
Motor
Transistor
Battery
17. What performs the work in an electric circuit?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Heat
Voltage
A resistor
Current
18. What is the definition of current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The movement of electrons
Force created by the buildup of charge
Force times distance
A twisting or rotary force
19. What is the definition of voltage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The movement of electrons
Force created by the buildup of charge
Force times distance
A twisting or rotary force
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11
20. What is resistance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The interaction of two magnetic fields
Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy
An imbalance between electrons and protons
The opposition to current flow
21. What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
a.
b.
c.
d.
P=VI
I=V/R
F=MA
I = V2 R
22. CD data represents:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Signal frequency as a binary code
Signal amplitude as a binary code
Cosine transform coefficients
Data reduction through elimination of masked signals
23. What is the sample rate of CD audio?
a.
b.
c.
d.
20,000 samples/second
128 Kbytes per second
44,100 samples per second
32 bits per second
24. The unit of resistance is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coulomb
Joule
Ampere
Ohm
25. The unit of electrical charge is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coulomb
Joule
Ampere
Ohm
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12
26. A circuit has a 12 V power supply and a 1 kΩ resistor. What is the current?
27. A circuit has a 42 kΩ resistor and 8 mA of current. What is the voltage?
28. A circuit has 520 milli amps of current and 240 volts. What is the
resistance?
29. List some of the reasons electricity is so useful.
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13
30. A circuit has 470 kΩ and 16 V. What is the current?
31. I = 145 mA, R = 10 MΩ. V = ?
32. In the following circuit calculate current and voltage drops.
R1 = 2 KΩ
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
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14
33. In the following circuit, calculate total current and total resistance.
R1 =
2kΩ
VS =
18V
R2 = 4kΩ
34. In the following circuit, what is R1?
R1
VS =
12V
R2 = 4 KΩ
I = 1 mA
35. A power supply consumes 320 mW in order to supply 288 mW to the load.
What is the efficiency?
36. What is R2 in the following circuit?
IT = 12 mA
VS =
18V
R1 =
2kΩ
R2 = ?
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15
Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One – Quiz Key
1. Which device opposes current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Coil
2. Which of the following is a control device?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Resistor
Switch
Fuse
Ground
3. What is the most common material a resistor is made from?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Silicon
Metal film
Carbon
Ceramics
4. Which of the following is the symbol for current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
V
Ω
I
5. How much resistance does an insulator have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zero
Some
A lot
Infinite
6. Different elements always have different numbers of ___________?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Protons
Neutrons
Atoms
Atomic shells
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16
7. A volt is a/an:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Potential difference between two points
Unit of charge on an electron
Rate of flow of charge
Opposition to current flow
8. How many forms of Ohm’s Law are there?
a.
b.
c.
d.
One
Two
Three
Four
9. Energy is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The fundamental ability to do work
The rate at which energy is used
The amount when one joule is used in one second
The maximum amount of power dissipated without damage
10. A KW-Hr is a unit of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Energy
Power
Heat
Voltage times current
11. An electrical load is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Any weight being carried
The amount of horsepower in a circuit
Any resistive element connected to a power supply
Taking more than four classes a semester
12. Which of the following is a unit of power?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Joule
Joule per second
Joule-second
Volt-ohm
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
17
13. When the voltage across a resister is doubled, the current will:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Triple
Halve
Double
Not change
14. When the resistance in a circuit is doubled, the current will:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Triple
Halve
Double
Not change
15. Sound is the movement of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Air molecules
Electrons
Protons
Electricity
16. A speaker acts similar to a:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Generator
Motor
Transistor
Battery
17. What performs the work in an electric circuit?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Heat
Voltage
A resistor
Current
18. What is the definition of current?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The movement of electrons
Force created by the buildup of charge
Force times distance
A twisting or rotary force
19. What is the definition of voltage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The movement of electrons
Force created by the buildup of charge
Force times distance
A twisting or rotary force
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18
20. What is resistance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The interaction of two magnetic fields
Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy
An imbalance between electrons and protons
The opposition to current flow
21. What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
a.
b.
c.
d.
P=VI
I=V/R
F=MA
I = V2 R
22. CD data represents:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Signal frequency as a binary code
Signal amplitude as a binary code
Cosine transform coefficients
Data reduction through elimination of masked signals
23. What is the sample rate of CD audio?
a.
b.
c.
d.
20,000 samples/second
128 Kbytes per second
44,100 samples per second
32 bits per second
24. The unit of resistance is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coulomb
Joule
Ampere
Ohm
25. The unit of electrical charge is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coulomb
Joule
Ampere
Ohm
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
19
26. A circuit has a 12 V power supply and a 1 kΩ resistor. What is the current?
I = V/R = 12V divided by 1000Ω= .012 A or 12 mA
27. A circuit has a 42 kΩ resistor and 8 mA of current. What is the voltage?
V=IXR
= .008 A X 42,000Ω = 336 V
28. A circuit has 520 milli amps of current and 240 volts. What is the
resistance?
R = V/I
= 240V divided by .52A = 461.5Ω
29. List some of the reasons electricity is so useful.






A good power source
Easy to create
Easy to control
Efficient to transmit
Easy to measure
Makes everything work – our way of life depends on it
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20
30. A circuit has 470 kΩ and 16 V. What is the current?
I = V/R
= 16V divided by 470,000Ω
= 0.000034 A = 34 μA
31. I = 145 mA, R = 10 MΩ. V = ?
V = I x R = .145 A X 10,000,000Ω = 1.45 MV
32. In the following circuit calculate current and voltage drops.
R1 = 2 KΩ
IT = 2 mA
V1 = 4V
V2 = 8V
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
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21
33. In the following circuit, calculate total current and total resistance.
R1 =
2kΩ
VS =
18V
R2 =
4kΩ
IT = 13.5 mA
RT = 1333Ω
34. In the following circuit, what is R1?
R1
R1 = 8 kΩ
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
I = 1 mA
35. A power supply consumes 320 mW in order to supply 288 mW to the load.
What is the efficiency?
Eff = power out divided by power in = 288/320 = .9 = 90%
36. What is R2 in the following circuit?
IT = 12 mA
VS =
18V
R1 =
2kΩ
R2 = 6 kΩ
R2 = ?
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22
Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One – Problem Worksheet
1.
A circuit has a 12 V power supply and a 1 kΩ resistor. What is the current?
2.
A circuit has a 42 kΩ resistor and 8 mA of current. What is the voltage?
3.
A circuit has 520 milli amps of current and 240 volts. What is the
resistance?
4.
A circuit has 470 kΩ and 16 V. What is the current?
5.
I = 145 mA, R = 10 MΩ. V = ?
6.
In the following circuit calculate current and voltage drops.
R1 = 2 KΩ
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
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23
7.
In the following circuit, calculate total current and total resistance.
R1 =
2kΩ
VS =
18V
8.
R2 =
4kΩ
In the following circuit, what is R1?
R1
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
I = 1 mA
9.
A power supply consumes 320 mW in order to supply 288 mW to the load.
What is the efficiency?
10. What is R2 in the following circuit?
IT = 12 mA
VS =
18V
R1 =
2kΩ
R2 = ?
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24
Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One – Problem Worksheet Key
1.
A circuit has a 12 V power supply and a 1 kΩ resistor. What is the current?
I = V/R = 12V divided by 1000Ω= .012 A or 12 mA
2.
A circuit has a 42 kΩ resistor and 8 mA of current. What is the voltage?
V=IXR
3.
A circuit has 520 milli amps of current and 240 volts. What is the
resistance?
R = V/I
4.
= 240V divided by .52A = 461.5Ω
A circuit has 470 kΩ and 16 V. What is the current?
I = V/R
5.
= .008 A X 42,000Ω = 336 V
= 16V divided by 470,000Ω
= 0.000034 A = 34 μA
I = 145 mA, R = 10 MΩ. V = ?
V = I x R = .145 A X 10,000,000Ω = 1.45 MV
6.
In the following circuit calculate current and voltage drops.
R1 = 2 KΩ
IT = 2 mA
V1 = 4V
V2 = 8V
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
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7.
In the following circuit, calculate total current and total resistance.
R1 =
2kΩ
VS =
18V
8.
R2 =
4kΩ
IT = 13.5 mA
RT = 1333Ω
In the following circuit, what is R1?
R1
R1 = 8 kΩ
R2 = 4 KΩ
VS =
12V
I = 1 mA
9.
A power supply consumes 320 mW in order to supply 288 mW to the load.
What is the efficiency?
Eff = power out divided by power in = 288/320 = .9 = 90%
10. What is R2 in the following circuit?
IT = 12 mA
VS =
18V
R1 =
2kΩ
R2 = 6 kΩ
R2 = ?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
26