Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1908 Edition.
382
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Section 12
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
This section presents statistics on the
labor force; its distribution by occupation
and industry affiliation; and the supply of,
demand for, and conditions of labor. The
chief source of these data is the Current
Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS). Comprehensive
historical and current data are available
from the BLS Internet site <http://www
.bls.gov/cps/>. These data are published
on a current basis in the BLS monthly publication Employment and Earnings.
Detailed data on the labor force are also
available from the Census Bureau’s decennial census of population.
Types of data—Most statistics in this
section are obtained by two methods:
household interviews or questionnaires
and reports of establishment payroll
records. Each method provides data that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are
readily obtainable only from the household survey, while detailed industrial classifications can be readily derived only
from establishment records.
Household data are obtained from a
monthly sample survey of the population.
The CPS is used to gather data for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month and provides current comprehensive data on the labor force (see text, Section 1, Population). The CPS provides
information on the work status of the
population without duplication since each
person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Employed persons holding more than one
job are counted only once, according to
the job at which they worked the most
hours during the survey week.
Monthly, quarterly, and annual data from
the CPS are published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics in Employment and Earnings. Data presented include national
totals of the number of persons in the
civilian labor force by sex, race, Hispanic
or Latino origin, and age; the number
employed; hours of work; industry and
occupational groups; and the number
unemployed, reasons for, and duration of
unemployment. Annual data shown in this
section are averages of monthly figures
for each calendar year, unless otherwise
specified. Historical national CPS data are
available on the Web site <http://www.bls
.gov/cps/>.
The CPS also produces annual estimates
of employment and unemployment for
each state, 50 large metropolitan statistical areas, and selected cities. These estimates are published by BLS in its annual
Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment available at <http://www
.bls.gov/opub/gp/laugp.htm>. More
detailed geographic data (e.g., for counties and cities) are provided by the decennial population censuses.
Data based on establishment records are
compiled by BLS and cooperating state
agencies as part of an ongoing Current
Employment Statistics program. Survey
data, gathered monthly from a sample of
employers through electronic interviewing (including electronic data interchange,
touchtone data entry, and computerassisted telephone interviewing) or by
mail, fax, on magnetic tape or computer
diskette, are supplemented by data from
other government agencies and adjusted
at intervals to data from government
social insurance program reports. The
estimates exclude self-employed persons,
private household workers, unpaid family
workers, agricultural workers, and the
Armed Forces. In March 2004, reporting
establishments employed 4.9 million
manufacturing workers (35 percent of the
total manufacturing employment at the
time), 21.8 million workers in private nonmanufacturing industries (23 percent of
the total in private nonmanufacturing),
and 15.8 million federal, state, and local
government employees (72 percent of
total government).
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
383
The establishment survey counts workers
each time they appear on a payroll during
the reference period (the payroll period
that includes the 12th of the month).
Thus, unlike the CPS, a person with two
jobs is counted twice. The establishment
survey is designed to provide detailed
industry information for the nation,
states, and metropolitan areas on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, and average hourly
and weekly earnings. Establishment
survey data also are published in Employment and Earnings. Historical
national data are available on the Web site
<http://www.bls.gov/ces/>. Historical
data for states and metropolitan areas
are available on the Web site
<http://www.bls.gov/sae/>.
data was implemented in March 2003
with the release of January 2003 estimates. For a discussion of the changes to
the state and area establishment survey
data, see ‘‘Revisions to the Current
Employment Statistics State and Area Estimates Effective January 2003’’ in the
March 2003 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Labor force—According to the CPS definitions, the civilian labor force comprises
all civilians in the noninstitutionalized
population 16 years and over classified as
‘‘employed’’ or ‘‘unemployed’’ according to
the following criteria: Employed civilians
comprise (a) all civilians, who, during the
reference week, did any work for pay or
profit (minimum of an hour’s work) or
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family enterprise and (b) all civilians who were not working but who had
jobs or businesses from which they were
temporarily absent for noneconomic reasons (illness, weather conditions, vacation, labor-management dispute, etc.)
whether they were paid for the time off or
were seeking other jobs. Unemployed persons comprise all civilians who had no
employment during the reference week,
who made specific efforts to find a job
within the previous 4 weeks (such as
applying directly to an employer or to a
public employment service or checking
with friends) and who were available for
work during that week, except for temporary illness. Persons on layoff from a job
and expecting recall also are classified as
unemployed. All other civilian persons,
16 years old and over, are classified as
‘‘not in the labor force.’’
In June 2003, BLS completed a comprehensive sample redesign of the establishment survey begun in June 2000, changing from a quota-based sample to a
probability-based sample. Also in June
2003, all establishment survey employment, hours, and earnings series were
converted from being classified by the
1987 Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) system to being classified by the
2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The NAICS conversion resulted in major definitional
changes to many of the previously published SIC-based series. All establishment
survey historical time series were reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion
process and all published series have a
NAICS-based history extending back to at
least 1990. For total nonfarm industries
and other high-level aggregates, NAICS
history was reconstructed back to the previously existing start date for the series,
1939 in most cases. More information on
the sample redesign, the conversion to
NAICS, and other changes to the establishment survey implemented in June
2003 appears in ‘‘Revisions to the Current
Employment Statistics National Estimates
Effective May 2003’’ in the June 2003
issue of Employment and Earnings, as
well as the Establishment Data portion of
the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of
Error section of Employment and Earnings.
Various breaks in the CPS data series have
occurred over time due to the introduction of population adjustments and other
changes. For details on these breaks in
series and the effect that they had on the
CPS data, see the section on noncomparability of labor force levels in the Household Data portion of the Explanatory
Notes and Estimates of Error section of
Employment and Earnings available on
the site <http://www.bls.gov/cps
/eetech_methods.pdf>.
The completion of the sample redesign
and the conversion to NAICS for state and
metropolitan area establishment survey
Beginning in January 2004, the CPS data
reflect the introduction of revised population controls. The effect of the revised
384
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
population controls on the monthly CPS
estimates was to decrease the December
2003 employment level by 409,000 and
the unemployment level by 27,000. The
updated controls had little or no effect on
unemployment rates and other ratios. For
additional information on the effects of
the revised population controls on estimates from the CPS, see ‘‘Adjustments to
Household Survey Population Estimates in
January 2004’’ in the February 2004 issue
of Employment and Earnings, available on
the Internet at <http://www.bls.gov/cps
/cps04adj.pdf>.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were
largely based on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification and the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification Systems,
respectively.)
Hours and earnings—Average hourly
earnings, based on establishment data,
are gross earnings (i.e., earnings before
payroll deductions) and include overtime
premiums; they exclude irregular bonuses
and value of payments in kind. Hours are
those for which pay was received. Wages
and salaries from the CPS consist of total
monies received for work performed by
an employee during the income year. It
includes wages, salaries, commissions,
tips, piece-rate payments, and cash
bonuses earned before deductions were
made for taxes, bonds, union dues, etc.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more
are classified as working full-time.
Industry and occupational groups—
Industry data derived from the CPS for
1983−91 utilize the 1980 census industrial classification developed from the
1972 SIC. CPS data from 1971 to 1982
were based on the 1970 census classification system, which was developed from
the 1967 SIC. Most of the industry categories were not affected by the change in
classification.
The occupational classification system
used in the 1980 census and in the CPS
for 1983−91, evolved from the 1980
Standard Occupational Classification
(SOC) system, first introduced in 1977.
Occupational categories used in the 1980
census classification system are so radically different from the 1970 census system used in the CPS through 1982, that
their implementation represented a break
in historical data series. In cases where
data have not yet been converted to the
1980 classifications and still reflect the
1970 classifications (e.g., Table 634),
comparisons between the two systems
should not be made.
Beginning in 2003, the 2002 Census
Bureau occupational and industrial classification systems were introduced into the
CPS. These systems were derived from
the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). The composition of detailed
occupational and and industrial classifications in the new classification systems
was substantially changed from the previous systems in use, as was the structure
for aggregating them into broad groups.
Consequently, the use of the new classification systems created breaks in existing
data series at all levels of aggregation.
CPS data using the new classification systems are available beginning 2000. Additional information on the 2002 Census
Bureau occupational and industrial classifications systems appears in ‘‘Revisions to
the Current Population Survey Effective in
January 2003’’ in the February 2003 issue
of Employment and Earnings, available on
the BLS Web site <http://www.bls.gov
/cps/rvcps03.pdf>.
For details on the changes over time in
the industrial and occupational classification systems used in the CPS, see the section on changes in the occupational and
industrial classification systems in the
Household Data portion of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error section
of Employment and Earnings available on
the site <http://www.bls.gov/cps
/eetech_methods.pdf>.
Establishments responding to the establishment survey are classified according
to the 2002 North American Industrial
Classification System (NAICS). Previously
they were classified according to the
Standard Industrial Classification Manual
(SIC). See text, Section 15, Business Enterprise, for information about the SIC
manual and NAICS.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
385
Productivity—BLS publishes data on productivity as measured by output per hour
(labor productivity), output per combined
unit of labor and capital input (multifactor
productivity), and, for manufacturing
industries, output per combined unit of
capital, labor, energy, materials, and purchased service inputs. Labor productivity
and related indexes are published for the
business sector as a whole and its major
subsectors: nonfarm business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporations, and
for over 200 detailed industries. Labor
productivity data were converted to a
NAICS classification from the SIC classification in September 2003. Data for the
business and nonfarm business sectors
were reconstructed back to 1947; data for
nonfinancial corporations back to 1958,
and data for the detailed industry measures and the manufacturing sectors were
reconstructed back to 1987. Multifactor
productivity and related measures (currently SIC-based) are published for the
private business sector and its major subsectors. Productivity indexes that take
into account capital, labor, energy, materials, and service inputs are published for
the 18 major industry groups that comprise most of the manufacturing sector,
the utility services industry group, for
140 3-digit SIC manufacturing industries,
and railroad transportation and air transportation. The major sector data are published in the BLS quarterly news release,
Productivity and Costs and in the annual
Multifactor Productivity Trends release.
Industry productivity measures are
updated and published annually in the
news releases Productivity and Costs by
Industry. The latest data are available at
the BLS productivity and costs Web site
<http://www.bls
.gov/lpc/home.htm>. Detailed information on methods, limitations, and data
sources appears in the BLS Handbook of
Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490 (1997), Chapters 10 and 11.
386
Unions—As defined here, unions include
traditional labor unions and employee
associations similar to labor unions. Data
on union membership status provided by
BLS are for employed wage and salary
workers and relate to their principal job.
Earnings by union membership status are
usual weekly earnings of full-time wage
and salary workers. The information is
collected through the Current Population
Survey.
Work stoppages—Work stoppages
include all strikes and lockouts known to
BLS that last for at least 1 full day or shift
and involve 1,000 or more workers. All
stoppages, whether or not authorized by
a union, legal or illegal, are counted.
Excluded are work slowdowns and
instances where employees report to
work late or leave early to attend mass
meetings or mass rallies.
Seasonal adjustment—Many economic
statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement that can be estimated on
the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be
ascribed to usual seasonal variation (e.g.,
climate or school openings and closings),
it is possible to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the
series. However, in evaluating deviations
from the seasonal pattern—that is,
changes in a seasonally adjusted
series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally
adjusted estimates have a broader margin
of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other
errors, but also are affected by the uncertainties of the adjustment process itself.
Statistical reliability—For discussion of
statistical collection, estimation, sampling
procedures, and measures of statistical
reliability applicable to Census Bureau
and BLS data, see Appendix III.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 576. Employment Status of the Civilian Population: 1970 to 2004
[In thousands (137,085 represents 137,085,000), except as indicated. Annual averages of monthly figures. For the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years old and over. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Civilian labor force
Year
1970
1980
1985
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
2
.
.
2
2
2
2
2001 .
2002 .
2003 2
2004 2
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Employment/
population
ratio1
137,085
167,745
178,206
182,753
184,613
186,393
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753
212,577
215,092
217,570
221,168
223,357
82,771
106,940
115,461
119,865
121,669
123,869
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368
142,583
143,734
144,863
146,510
147,401
60.4
63.8
64.8
65.6
65.9
66.5
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
66.8
66.6
66.2
66.0
78,678
99,303
107,150
112,440
114,968
117,342
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
136,891
136,933
136,485
137,736
139,252
57.4
59.2
60.1
61.5
62.3
63.0
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3
64.4
63.7
62.7
62.3
62.3
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Percent of
Number labor force
4,093
7,637
8,312
7,425
6,701
6,528
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880
5,692
6,801
8,378
8,774
8,149
4.9
7.1
7.2
6.2
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.0
4.7
5.8
6.0
5.5
Number
Percent of
population
54,315
60,806
62,744
62,888
62,944
62,523
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385
69,994
71,359
72,707
74,658
75,956
39.6
36.2
35.2
34.4
34.1
33.5
33.5
33.8
33.6
33.7
33.4
33.4
33.2
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
33.2
33.4
33.8
34.0
1
Civilian employed as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. 2 Data not strictly comparable with data for earlier
years. See text, this section, and February 1994, March 1996, February 1997-99, and February 2003 and 2004 issues of
Employment and Earnings.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; and Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 577. Civilian Labor Force and Participation Rates With Projections:
1980 to 2012
[106.9 represents 106,900,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures.
Rates are based on annual average civilian noninstitutional population of each specified group and represent proportion of each
specified group in the civilian labor force. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Civilian labor force (millions)
Race, Hispanic origin
sex, and age
2
Total . . . . . .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
Latino 5
......
......
1980 1990
1
2000
1
2003
1
2004
Participation rate (percent)
1
2012,
proj.
1980 1990
1
2000
1
2003
1
2004
1
2012,
proj.
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.
106.9
93.6
54.5
39.1
10.9
5.6
5.3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
6.1
3.8
2.3
125.8
107.4
59.6
47.8
13.7
6.8
6.9
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10.7
6.5
4.2
142.6
118.5
64.5
54.1
16.4
7.7
8.7
6.3
3.4
2.9
16.7
9.9
6.8
146.5
120.5
65.5
55.0
16.5
7.7
8.8
6.1
3.3
2.8
18.8
11.3
7.5
147.4
121.1
66.0
55.1
16.6
7.8
8.9
6.3
3.4
2.9
19.3
11.6
7.7
162.3
130.4
69.3
61.1
19.8
9.3
10.4
9.0
4.9
4.0
23.8
13.7
10.1
63.8
64.1
78.2
51.2
61.0
70.3
53.1
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
64.0
81.4
47.4
66.5
66.9
77.1
57.4
64.0
71.0
58.3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
67.4
81.4
53.1
67.1
67.3
75.5
59.5
65.8
69.2
63.1
67.2
76.1
59.2
69.7
81.5
57.5
66.2
66.5
74.2
59.2
64.3
67.3
61.9
66.4
75.6
58.3
68.3
80.1
55.9
66.0
66.3
74.1
58.9
63.8
66.7
61.5
65.9
75.0
57.6
68.6
80.4
56.1
67.2
66.2
73.5
59.2
66.3
69.1
64.0
68.7
77.3
61.3
68.8
79.0
58.6
Male . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years . . .
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .
55 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over .
Female. . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years . . .
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .
55 to 64 years . . .
65 years and over .
.
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.
61.5
5.0
8.6
17.0
11.8
9.9
7.2
1.9
45.5
4.4
7.3
12.3
8.6
7.0
4.7
1.2
69.0
4.1
7.9
19.9
17.5
11.1
6.6
2.0
56.8
3.7
6.8
16.1
14.7
9.1
4.9
1.5
76.3
4.3
7.5
17.8
20.1
16.3
7.8
2.5
66.3
4.0
6.7
14.9
17.5
14.8
6.6
1.8
78.2
3.6
7.9
17.8
19.8
17.4
9.1
2.7
68.3
3.6
7.0
14.6
16.9
15.9
8.1
2.1
79.0
3.6
8.1
17.8
19.5
17.6
9.5
2.8
68.4
3.5
7.1
14.4
16.6
16.1
8.5
2.2
85.3
3.8
8.7
19.1
18.2
19.1
12.7
3.6
77.0
3.8
8.1
16.3
16.2
17.9
11.9
2.8
77.4
60.5
85.9
95.2
95.5
91.2
72.1
19.0
51.5
52.9
68.9
65.5
65.5
59.9
41.3
8.1
76.4
55.7
84.4
94.1
94.3
90.7
67.8
16.3
57.5
51.6
71.3
73.5
76.4
71.2
45.2
8.6
74.8
52.8
82.6
93.4
92.7
88.6
67.3
17.7
59.9
51.2
73.1
76.1
77.2
76.8
51.9
9.4
73.5
44.3
80.0
91.8
92.1
87.7
68.7
18.6
59.5
44.8
70.8
74.1
76.0
76.8
56.6
10.6
73.3
43.9
79.6
91.9
91.9
87.5
68.7
19.0
59.2
43.8
70.5
73.6
75.6
76.5
56.3
11.1
73.1
45.6
81.4
92.5
92.3
88.6
69.9
20.8
61.6
47.4
75.1
78.2
79.9
79.8
60.6
12.1
White 3 . . .
Male . . .
Female .
Black 3 . . .
Male . . .
Female .
Asian 3 4 . .
Male . . .
Female .
Hispanic or
Male . . .
Female .
1
2
3
See footnote 2, Table 576.
Includes other races, not shown separately.
The 2003 Current
NA Not available.
Population Survey (CPS) allowed respondents to choose more than one race. Beginning 2003, data represent persons who
selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years only allowed respondents
4
Prior to 2003, includes Pacific Islanders.
to report one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1.
5
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue; Monthly Labor Review,
February 2004; and unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
387
Table 578. Employment Status of the Civilian Population by Sex, Race, and
Ethnicity: 1970 to 2004
[In thousands (64,304 represents 64,304,000), except as indicated. Annual averages of monthly figures. See Table 576 for U.S.
totals and coverage]
Civilian labor force
Year, sex, race,
and
Hispanic origin
Male: 1970. . .
1980 . . . . .
1990 2 . . . .
1995 . . . . .
2000 2 . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
Female:
1970 . . . . .
1980 . . . . .
1990 2 . . . .
1995 . . . . .
2000 2 . . . .
2001 . . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
White: 3
1970 . . . . .
1980 . . . . .
1990 2 . . . .
1995 . . . . .
2000 2 . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
Black: 3
1973 . . . . .
1980 . . . . .
1985 . . . . .
1990 2 . . . .
1995 . . . . .
2000 2 . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
Asian: 3 4
2000 . . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
Hispanic 5
1980 . . . . .
1985 . . . . .
1986 . . . . .
1990 2 . . . .
1995 . . . . .
2000 2 . . . .
2002 . . . . .
2003 2 . . . .
2004 2 . . . .
Mexican:
1986 . . .
1990 2 . .
1995 . . .
2000 2 . .
2002 . . .
2003 2 . .
2004 2 . .
Puerto Rican:
1986 . . .
1990 2 . .
1995 . . .
2000 2 . .
2002 . . .
2003 2 . .
2004 2 . .
Cuban:
1986 . . .
1990 2 . .
1995 . . .
2000 2 . .
2002 . . .
2003 2 . .
2004 2 . .
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Employment/
population
ratio 1
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Percent of
Number labor force
Number
Percent of
population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
64,304
79,398
90,377
95,178
101,964
104,585
106,435
107,710
51,228
61,453
69,011
71,360
76,280
77,500
78,238
78,980
79.7
77.4
76.4
75.0
74.8
74.1
73.5
73.3
48,990
57,186
65,104
67,377
73,305
72,903
73,332
74,524
76.2
72.0
72.0
70.8
71.9
69.7
68.9
69.2
2,238
4,267
3,906
3,983
2,975
4,597
4,906
4,456
4.4
6.9
5.7
5.6
3.9
5.9
6.3
5.6
13,076
17,945
21,367
23,818
25,684
27,085
28,197
28,730
20.3
22.6
23.6
25.0
25.2
25.9
26.5
26.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
72,782
88,348
98,787
103,406
110,613
111,811
112,985
114,733
115,647
31,543
45,487
56,829
60,944
66,303
66,848
67,363
68,272
68,421
43.3
51.5
57.5
58.9
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.5
59.2
29,688
42,117
53,689
57,523
63,586
63,737
63,582
64,404
64,728
40.8
47.7
54.3
55.6
57.5
57.0
56.3
56.1
56.0
1,855
3,370
3,140
3,421
2,717
3,111
3,781
3,868
3,694
5.9
7.4
5.5
5.6
4.1
4.7
5.6
5.7
5.4
41,239
42,861
41,957
42,462
44,310
44,962
45,621
46,461
47,225
56.7
48.5
42.5
41.1
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.5
40.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
122,174
146,122
160,625
166,914
176,220
179,783
181,292
182,643
73,556
93,600
107,447
111,950
118,545
120,150
120,546
121,086
60.2
64.1
66.9
67.1
67.3
66.8
66.5
66.3
70,217
87,715
102,261
106,490
114,424
114,013
114,235
115,239
57.5
60.0
63.7
63.8
64.9
63.4
63.0
63.1
3,339
5,884
5,186
5,459
4,121
6,137
6,311
5,847
4.5
6.3
4.8
4.9
3.5
5.1
5.2
4.8
48,618
52,523
53,178
54,965
57,675
59,633
60,746
61,558
39.8
35.9
33.1
32.9
32.7
33.2
33.5
33.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14,917
17,824
19,664
21,477
23,246
24,902
25,578
25,686
26,065
8,976
10,865
12,364
13,740
14,817
16,397
16,565
16,526
16,638
60.2
61.0
62.9
64.0
63.7
65.8
64.8
64.3
63.8
8,128
9,313
10,501
12,175
13,279
15,156
14,872
14,739
14,909
54.5
52.2
53.4
56.7
57.1
60.9
58.1
57.4
57.2
846
1,553
1,864
1,565
1,538
1,241
1,693
1,787
1,729
9.4
14.3
15.1
11.4
10.4
7.6
10.2
10.8
10.4
5,941
6,959
7,299
7,737
8,429
8,505
9,013
9,161
9,428
39.8
39.0
37.1
36.0
36.3
34.2
35.2
35.7
36.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9,330
9,833
9,220
9,519
6,270
6,604
6,122
6,271
67.2
67.2
66.4
65.9
6,043
6,215
5,756
5,994
64.8
63.2
62.4
63.0
227
389
366
277
3.6
5.9
6.0
4.4
3,060
3,229
3,098
3,248
32.8
32.8
33.6
34.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9,598
11,915
12,344
15,904
18,629
23,938
25,963
27,551
28,109
6,146
7,698
8,076
10,720
12,267
16,689
17,943
18,813
19,272
64.0
64.6
65.4
67.4
65.8
69.7
69.1
68.3
68.6
5,527
6,888
7,219
9,845
11,127
15,735
16,590
17,372
17,930
57.6
57.8
58.5
61.9
59.7
65.7
63.9
63.1
63.8
620
811
857
876
1,140
954
1,353
1,441
1,342
10.1
10.5
10.6
8.2
9.3
5.7
7.5
7.7
7.0
3,451
4,217
4,268
5,184
6,362
7,249
8,020
8,738
8,837
36.0
35.4
34.6
32.6
34.2
30.3
30.9
31.7
31.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7,377
9,752
11,609
15,333
16,420
17,464
17,900
4,941
6,707
7,765
10,783
11,542
12,081
12,340
67.0
68.8
66.9
70.3
70.3
69.2
68.9
4,387
6,146
7,016
10,144
10,673
11,151
11,449
59.5
63.0
60.4
66.2
65.0
63.9
64.0
555
561
750
639
869
930
892
11.2
8.4
9.7
5.9
7.5
7.7
7.2
2,436
3,045
3,844
4,550
4,878
5,383
5,559
33.0
31.2
33.1
29.7
29.7
30.8
31.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,494
1,718
1,896
2,193
2,484
2,652
2,547
804
960
1,098
1,411
1,546
1,649
1,610
53.8
55.9
57.9
64.3
62.2
62.2
63.2
691
870
974
1,318
1,401
1,495
1,481
46.3
50.6
51.4
60.1
56.4
56.4
58.1
113
91
123
92
145
154
130
14.0
9.5
11.2
6.6
9.4
9.3
8.1
690
758
798
783
938
1,003
936
46.2
44.1
42.1
35.7
37.8
37.8
36.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
842
918
1,019
1,174
1,141
1,191
1,264
570
603
613
740
635
679
769
67.7
65.7
60.2
63.1
55.6
57.0
60.9
533
559
568
707
592
638
735
63.3
60.9
55.7
60.3
51.9
53.6
58.1
36
44
45
33
43
41
34
6.4
7.2
7.4
4.5
6.7
6.0
4.5
272
315
406
434
507
512
495
32.3
34.3
39.8
37.0
44.4
43.0
39.2
1
Civilian employed as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. 2 See footnote 2, Table 576. 3 Beginning 2003,
for persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Prior to 2003, includes Pacific Islanders. 5 Persons of Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Includes persons of other Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; and Employment and Earnings, monthly. January 2005 issue. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
388
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 579. Civilian Labor Force—Percent Distribution by Sex and Age:
1980 to 2004
[106,940 represents 106,940,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix III]
Year and sex
Total: 1980 . . . . .
1990 1 . . . . . .
1995. . . . . . . .
2000 1 . . . . . .
2004 1 . . . . . .
Male: 1980 . .
1990 1 . . .
1995 . . . .
2000 1 . . .
2004 1 . . .
Female: 1980
1990 1 . . .
1995 . . . .
2000 1 . . .
2004 1 . . .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Civilian
labor
force
(1,000)
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 yrs.
and over
106,940
125,840
132,304
142,583
147,401
61,453
69,011
71,360
76,280
78,980
45,487
56,829
60,944
66,303
68,421
8.8
6.2
5.9
5.8
4.8
8.1
5.9
5.7
5.6
4.6
9.6
6.5
6.1
6.0
5.1
14.9
11.7
10.3
10.0
10.3
14.0
11.4
10.3
9.9
10.2
16.1
12.0
10.4
10.2
10.4
27.3
28.6
25.8
23.0
21.8
27.6
28.8
26.2
23.4
22.5
26.9
28.3
25.5
22.5
21.1
19.1
25.5
27.0
26.3
24.5
19.3
25.3
26.9
26.3
24.7
19.0
25.8
27.2
26.4
24.3
15.8
16.1
19.1
21.8
22.9
16.1
16.1
18.8
21.3
22.3
15.4
16.1
19.4
22.3
23.6
11.2
9.2
9.0
10.1
12.2
11.8
9.6
9.1
10.2
12.1
10.4
8.7
8.8
9.9
12.4
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
3.2
Percent distribution
See footnote 2, Table 576.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307, and Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 580. Civilian Labor Force and Participation Rates by Educational
Attainment, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1992 to 2004
[106,490 represents 106,490,000 Annual averages of monthly figures. For the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years of
age and older. See Table 615 for unemployment data. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
1
Percent distribution
Year, sex, and
race
Total: 2
1992 . . . .
1995 . . . .
2000 3 . . .
2003 3 . . .
2004 3 . . .
Male:
1992 . .
1995 . .
2000 3 .
2003 3 .
2004 3 .
Female:
1992 . .
1995 . .
2000 3 .
2003 3 .
2004 3 .
White: 4
1992 . .
1995 . .
2000 3 .
2003 3 .
2004 3 .
Black: 4
1992 . .
1995 . .
2000 3 .
2003 3 .
2004 3 .
Asian: 4 5
2000 3 .
2004 3 .
Hispanic: 6
1992 . .
1995 . .
2000 3 .
2003 3 .
2004 3 .
High
Less than
school Less than
high graduate,
a bachTotal
school
no
elor’s
(1,000)
diploma
degree
degree
College
graduate
High
Less than
school Less than
high graduate,
a bachschool
no
elor’s
Total
diploma
degree
degree
College
graduate
.
.
.
.
.
106,490
110,851
120,061
124,412
125,133
12.6
10.8
10.4
10.2
10.0
35.6
33.1
31.4
30.5
30.2
25.4
27.9
27.7
27.4
27.5
26.4
28.1
30.5
32.0
32.3
66.5
66.7
67.3
67.2
66.9
41.2
39.9
43.5
44.9
45.1
66.4
65.4
64.4
63.8
63.2
75.3
74.5
73.9
72.8
72.4
81.3
81.0
79.4
78.2
77.9
.
.
.
.
.
58,439
59,986
64,490
66,717
67,306
14.1
12.2
11.8
11.9
11.7
34.0
32.3
31.1
30.5
30.6
24.0
26.1
25.9
25.4
25.3
27.9
29.4
31.2
32.2
32.4
77.0
76.0
76.1
75.5
75.3
54.7
52.1
56.0
57.7
58.3
78.3
76.5
75.1
74.0
73.5
83.9
82.1
80.9
79.5
79.2
86.9
85.8
84.4
83.2
82.8
.
.
.
.
.
48,051
50,865
55,572
57,695
57,826
10.7
9.2
8.8
8.2
7.9
37.5
34.2
31.8
30.4
29.8
27.1
30.0
29.7
29.6
30.1
24.7
26.6
29.7
31.8
32.2
57.1
58.3
59.4
59.6
59.3
29.5
29.2
32.3
32.7
32.5
56.8
56.4
55.5
55.0
54.1
67.8
68.1
68.0
67.2
66.8
74.8
75.4
74.0
73.1
72.8
.
.
.
.
.
90,627
94,139
99,964
102,509
102,965
11.8
10.1
10.1
10.0
9.8
35.5
33.0
31.4
30.4
30.0
25.5
27.8
27.5
27.2
27.5
27.2
29.1
31.0
32.5
32.7
66.3
66.7
67.0
66.9
66.8
41.1
40.0
44.1
45.7
46.0
65.4
64.8
63.6
62.9
62.4
74.6
73.8
73.1
72.2
72.0
81.0
80.6
79.0
77.8
77.5
.
.
.
.
.
11,583
12,152
13,582
13,863
13,951
18.2
13.9
12.4
11.5
11.2
39.5
37.1
36.0
35.5
36.2
26.4
30.7
31.2
31.2
30.3
15.9
18.3
20.5
21.8
22.3
66.7
66.0
68.2
67.5
67.0
40.6
36.2
39.3
39.8
39.6
72.9
69.7
69.9
68.1
67.6
80.9
79.8
79.3
77.0
74.9
86.2
85.6
84.4
82.3
82.9
.
.
5,402
5,560
9.1
8.2
20.7
18.9
20.2
18.1
50.1
54.8
70.9
69.2
46.0
44.2
65.6
64.5
76.4
72.4
79.1
76.4
.
.
.
.
.
8,728
9,599
12,975
15,181
15,545
38.9
37.2
36.7
36.4
35.7
29.6
29.3
29.3
29.2
29.4
20.0
21.7
20.6
20.4
20.7
11.5
11.7
13.4
14.0
14.2
68.3
67.5
71.5
70.7
71.2
56.3
55.3
61.9
61.6
62.3
75.5
74.3
75.0
73.9
74.0
82.2
79.7
80.8
79.2
79.3
83.2
83.1
83.5
81.8
82.1
1
See headnote, Table 577. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 See footnote 2, Table 576. 4 Beginning 2003,
for persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 5 2000 data include Pacific Islanders. 6 Persons of Hispanic or
Latino origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
389
Table 581. Characteristics of the Civilian Labor Force by State: 2004
[In thousands (147,401 represents 147,401,000), except ratio and rate. For civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years old and
over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, the totals for the United States
may differ from results obtained by aggregrating totals for states]
Total
State
Number Female
United States
Alabama . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . .
Arkansas . . . . .
California . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Unemployed
Employed
Employed
population
Total Female ratio 1
. 147,401 68,421 139,252 64,728
. 2,179 1,023 2,053
957
.
331
152
306
141
. 2,778 1,242 2,637 1,179
. 1,308
601 1,231
562
. 17,551 7,860 16,466 7,390
Total
Rate
Number Female
Total
Participation
rate 3
2
Male Female
Male Female
62.3
58.9
65.8
61.8
58.5
61.5
8,149
126
25
141
77
1,084
3,694
66
11
63
38
470
5.5
5.8
7.5
5.1
5.9
6.2
5.6
5.3
7.9
5.0
5.5
6.3
5.4
6.4
7.2
5.1
6.4
6.0
73.3
70.0
76.6
73.1
70.1
73.9
59.2
55.8
65.6
57.4
54.9
57.6
Colorado. . . .
Connecticut . .
Delaware . . .
District
of Columbia .
Florida . . . . .
.....
.....
.....
2,525
1,790
426
1,142
848
206
2,389
1,702
409
1,084
807
198
68.9
63.0
63.7
137
88
17
58
40
8
5.4
4.9
3.9
5.7
5.1
3.9
5.1
4.7
4.0
80.5
73.3
72.0
65.3
60.0
61.1
.....
.....
299
8,411
149
3,904
275
8,021
138
3,719
62.0
59.3
25
390
11
185
8.2
4.6
9.0
4.5
7.4
4.7
73.9
69.6
62.3
55.4
Georgia
Hawaii .
Idaho . .
Illinois .
Indiana .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,399
612
706
6,386
3,160
2,010
295
323
2,979
1,486
4,194
591
669
5,997
2,993
1,914
287
307
2,794
1,406
64.2
62.5
64.4
62.2
63.4
205
21
37
389
167
96
8
15
185
80
4.7
3.4
5.3
6.1
5.3
4.6
4.1
5.8
6.0
5.2
4.8
2.7
4.7
6.2
5.4
76.0
69.7
74.8
73.3
73.1
59.2
60.1
61.3
59.7
61.0
Iowa . . .
Kansas. .
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,620
1,480
1,977
2,058
696
774
685
920
982
334
1,545
1,398
1,874
1,934
664
736
644
876
926
320
67.0
67.6
58.7
57.3
63.0
75
82
103
124
32
38
40
44
56
14
4.6
5.5
5.2
6.0
4.7
4.4
5.2
5.6
6.3
5.1
4.9
5.9
4.8
5.7
4.2
75.3
78.9
68.9
67.7
71.4
65.4
64.5
55.4
54.9
61.0
Maryland . . . .
Massachusetts.
Michigan. . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
Mississippi . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,883
3,399
5,114
2,941
1,335
1,394
1,629
2,394
1,384
637
2,762
3,226
4,758
2,800
1,252
1,331
1,562
2,241
1,330
593
65.4
64.1
61.4
71.0
57.7
121
172
356
140
83
64
68
153
54
43
4.2
5.1
7.0
4.8
6.2
3.9
5.9
7.5
5.5
5.6
4.6
4.2
6.4
3.9
6.8
75.0
73.7
72.8
80.3
68.4
62.3
61.9
59.7
69.0
55.5
Missouri . . . . . .
Montana . . . . . .
Nebraska . . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,017
486
990
1,175
724
1,445
230
467
518
337
2,844
462
953
1125
698
1,365
220
449
496
326
64.3
63.2
71.6
64.0
68.5
173
24
37
50
27
80
10
18
22
11
5.7
4.9
3.8
4.2
3.7
5.9
5.6
3.7
4.2
4.0
5.6
4.3
3.8
4.2
3.3
74.1
71.2
80.7
74.2
77.9
62.7
62.0
68.5
59.3
64.7
New Jersey . . .
New Mexico . .
New York . . . .
North Carolina .
North Dakota . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,388
911
9,370
4,243
359
2,032
427
4,406
1,973
170
4,178
860
8,823
4,016
347
1,933
403
4,151
1,862
166
62.7
59.9
59.2
62.4
69.8
210
51
548
227
12
99
25
254
111
4
4.8
5.6
5.8
5.4
3.4
4.7
5.4
5.9
5.1
4.2
4.9
5.8
5.8
5.6
2.5
74.0
69.9
70.3
73.6
77.1
58.4
57.5
56.2
58.8
67.6
Ohio . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . .
Oregon. . . . .
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,884
1,714
1,850
6,260
562
2,778
798
840
2,950
275
5,514
1,630
1,710
5,911
532
2,613
756
780
2,808
261
62.5
61.0
61.1
60.9
62.8
370
84
140
350
30
165
42
60
143
14
6.3
4.9
7.6
5.6
5.4
6.6
4.5
8.0
6.3
5.5
5.9
5.3
7.1
4.8
5.2
73.5
71.3
73.5
71.6
71.5
60.4
57.6
59.0
58.1
61.7
South Carolina.
South Dakota .
Tennessee . . .
Texas . . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2,077
.
431
. 2,894
. 10,989
. 1,206
1002 1,935
207
416
1,365 2,747
4,901 10,332
538 1,142
931
200
1,295
4,614
509
60.6
71.0
60.2
63.0
67.3
142
16
147
657
64
71
8
70
287
29
6.9
3.7
5.1
6.0
5.3
6.7
3.5
5.1
6.1
5.2
7.1
3.8
5.1
5.9
5.4
71.2
78.1
69.9
76.4
79.5
59.5
69.4
57.4
58.2
62.7
Vermont . . . .
Virginia. . . . .
Washington . .
West Virginia .
Wisconsin . . .
Wyoming . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
169
1,791
1,494
369
1,456
130
163
1,718
1,400
352
1,391
125
68.1
64.6
63.6
51.8
68.1
68.6
13
147
202
42
155
11
6
72
94
18
65
5
3.7
3.9
6.2
5.3
5.0
3.8
4.0
3.8
6.2
5.8
5.6
3.4
3.4
4.0
6.3
4.7
4.4
4.2
75.9
74.3
74.7
60.8
77.2
77.3
65.8
60.8
61.2
49.1
66.6
65.3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
353
3,766
3,240
795
3,071
282
340
3,619
3,037
753
2,917
271
1
Civilian employment as a percent of civilian noninstitutional population. 2 Percent unemployed of the civilian labor force.
Percent of civilian noninstitutional population of each specified group in the civilian labor force.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 2004 Annual Averages. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/gps/>; (accessed July 2005).
390
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 582. Civilian Labor Force by Selected Metropolitan Area: 2004
[147,401 represents 147,401,000. For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly
figures. Data are derived from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program. For metro areas with a 2000 census population
of one million or more. For definition of metropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Metropolitan areas defined as of December 2003]
Civilian
labor
force
(1,000)
Unemployment
rate 1
. . 147,401
5.5
..
9,093
5.7
..
6,396
6.0
..
4,733
6.1
..
..
2,917
2,966
5.2
5.9
..
2,622
5.2
..
..
2,801
2,574
3.7
6.3
.
.
.
.
2,455
2,206
2,454
2,179
4.9
7.1
4.6
5.6
Metropolitan areas ranked
by population, 2000
U.S. total, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York-Northern New JerseyLong Island, NY-NJ-PA. . . . . . . . . .
Los Angeles-Long BeachSanta Ana, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet,
IL-IN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington,
PA-NJ-DE-MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX . . . . .
Miami-Fort LauderdaleMiami Beach, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria,
DC-VA-MD-WV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX . . .
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy,
MA-NH NECTA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI . . . . . . . .
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA . .
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA .
Riverside-San BernardinoOntario, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ . . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington,
MN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA .
St. Louis, MO-IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore-Towson, MD . . . . . . . . . . .
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL .
Denver-Aurora, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH . . . . . . .
1
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
1,648
1,851
1,699
5.7
4.4
5.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,849
1,490
1,453
1,346
1,218
1,268
1,296
1,101
4.5
4.7
6.0
4.5
5.8
4.6
5.8
5.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Metropolitan areas ranked
by population, 2000
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN. . . .
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton,
OR-WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City, MO-KS . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—
Roseville, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA.
San Antonio, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Orlando, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport
News, VA-NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indianapolis, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI .
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV . . . . . . . . .
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC .
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA . . .
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro,
TN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA NECTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Austin-Round Rock, TX . . . . . . . . . .
Memphis, TN-MS-AR. . . . . . . . . . . .
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY . . . . . . . . .
Louisville, KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Richmond, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hartford-West Hartford-East
Hartford, CT NECTA . . . . . . . . . . .
Birmingham-Hoover, AL . . . . . . . . . .
Rochester, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian
labor
force
(1,000)
Unemployment
rate 1
..
1,083
5.3
..
..
1,094
1,035
7.2
6.0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,003
854
883
961
916
5.4
6.7
5.6
4.5
5.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
778
867
802
828
778
613
4.1
4.7
5.4
4.4
5.6
4.6
..
732
4.3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
698
778
597
587
602
608
600
576
5.4
5.1
5.9
5.8
5.1
4.8
3.9
4.4
..
..
..
562
533
530
5.2
4.8
5.3
Percent unemployed of the civilian labor force.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics program. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/lau/>.
Table 583. School Enrollment and Labor Force Status: 1990 and 2004
[In thousands (31,421 represents 31,421,000), except percent. As of October. For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to
24 years old. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Population
Civilian labor
force
Employed
Unemployed
Characteristic
Total, 16 to 24 years
Enrolled in school 2 . . . . .
16 to 19 years . . . . . .
20 to 24 years . . . . . .
Sex: Male . . . . . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . .
College level. . . . . . . .
Full-time . . . . . . . . .
Race:
White 3 . . . . . . . . . .
Below college. . . .
College level . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . .
Below college. . . .
College level . . . .
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . .
Below college. . . .
College level . . . .
2
Not enrolled 2 .
White 3 . . .
Black 3 . . .
Asian 3 . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2004
1990
2004
1990
2004
1990
2004
1990,
total
Total
Rate
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
31,421
15,210
10,118
5,092
7,704
7,507
8,139
6,810
36,504
20,173
13,047
7,125
9,847
10,326
10,801
9,256
20,679
7,301
4,244
3,057
3,635
3,666
4,542
3,376
22,484
9,293
4,810
4,483
4,296
4,997
6,311
4,967
18,317
6,527
3,645
2,882
3,215
3,312
4,231
3,117
19,847
8,283
4,116
4,167
3,761
4,522
5,794
4,534
2,363
774
599
174
420
353
311
259
2,637
1,010
694
316
535
475
517
433
11.7
10.9
14.4
7.0
12.5
9.5
8.2
8.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12,308
5,535
6,772
2,129
1,207
922
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
15,623
7,138
8,486
2,799
1,523
1,276
1,070
358
712
6,294
2,374
3,919
718
306
411
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
7,633
2,503
5,130
996
319
678
354
52
302
5,705
2,021
3,685
576
212
364
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
6,913
2,146
4,767
786
212
574
306
43
263
588
354
234
142
94
47
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
721
357
364
210
106
104
48
9
39
9.4
14.3
7.1
21.1
33.4
15.3
13.5
(4)
12.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16,210
13,317
2,441
(NA)
16,331
12,842
2,465
425
13,379
11,276
1,752
(NA)
13,191
10,486
1,924
333
11,789
10,193
1,298
(NA)
11,564
9,441
1,484
296
1,589
1,083
454
(NA)
1,627
1,045
440
37
12.3
10.0
22.9
11.1
1
2
NA Not available.
Percent unemployed of civilian labor force in each category.
Includes other races, not shown
separately. 3 2004 data for persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Data not shown where base is less
than 75,000.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; College Enrollment and Work Activity of High School Graduates, News,
USDL 05-487, March 25, 2005; and unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
391
Table 584. Labor Force Participation Rates by Marital Status, Sex, and Age:
1970 to 2004
[Annual averages of monthly figures. See Table 581 for definition of participation rate. Based on Current Population Survey; see
text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Male participation rate
Marital
status
and year
Single:
1970 . .
1980 . .
1985 . .
1990 1 .
1995 . .
1999 1 .
2000 1 .
2001 . .
2002 . .
2003 1 .
2004 1 .
Married: 2
1970 . .
1980 . .
1985 . .
1990 1 .
1995 . .
1999 1 .
2000 1 .
2001 . .
2002 . .
2003 1 .
2004 1 .
Other: 3
1970 . .
1980 . .
1985 . .
1990 1 .
1995 . .
1999 1 .
2000 1 .
2001 . .
2002 . .
2003 1 .
2004 1 .
Female participation rate
Total
16-19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65
and
over
Total
16-19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65
and
over
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
65.5
72.6
73.8
74.8
73.7
73.4
73.6
72.7
71.7
70.4
70.2
54.6
59.9
56.3
55.1
54.4
52.5
52.5
50.0
47.2
44.0
43.6
73.8
81.3
81.5
81.6
80.3
79.7
80.5
79.6
78.7
77.9
77.7
87.9
89.2
89.4
89.9
88.7
89.5
89.4
89.0
88.7
87.7
87.9
86.2
82.2
84.6
84.5
81.4
83.5
82.9
83.2
83.1
82.9
82.7
75.7
66.9
65.5
67.3
67.0
70.6
69.7
69.8
69.6
67.6
67.8
25.2
16.8
15.6
15.7
17.9
17.3
17.3
15.4
16.9
19.4
20.3
56.8
64.4
66.6
66.7
66.8
68.7
68.9
68.1
67.4
66.2
65.9
44.7
53.6
52.3
51.7
52.2
51.1
51.1
49.1
47.3
44.8
43.8
73.0
75.2
76.3
74.5
72.9
76.1
76.1
75.3
74.5
72.9
73.1
81.4
83.3
82.4
80.9
80.2
84.2
83.9
83.2
83.3
82.2
81.8
78.6
76.9
80.8
80.8
79.5
80.8
80.9
81.3
79.9
79.8
80.5
73.0
65.6
67.9
66.2
67.3
69.6
69.9
69.9
69.6
69.9
70.9
19.7
13.9
9.8
12.1
11.6
9.9
10.8
12.1
14.3
15.2
14.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
86.1
80.9
78.7
78.6
77.5
77.5
77.3
77.4
77.4
77.3
77.1
92.3
91.3
91.0
92.1
89.2
83.2
79.5
77.7
81.1
76.6
77.4
94.7
96.9
95.6
95.6
94.9
93.7
94.1
94.2
93.3
93.2
92.4
98.0
97.5
97.4
96.9
96.3
96.5
96.7
95.9
95.7
95.3
95.6
98.1
97.2
96.8
96.7
95.4
95.9
95.8
95.6
95.1
95.1
95.1
91.2
84.3
81.7
82.6
82.4
83.4
83.0
83.7
83.8
83.5
83.1
29.9
20.5
16.8
17.5
18.0
18.3
19.2
19.1
19.4
19.9
20.4
40.5
49.8
53.8
58.4
61.0
61.2
61.1
61.2
61.0
61.0
60.5
37.8
49.3
49.6
49.5
51.6
49.8
53.2
45.1
49.6
46.7
41.1
47.9
61.4
65.7
66.1
64.7
64.5
63.8
63.9
63.4
62.6
60.9
38.8
58.8
65.8
69.6
72.0
70.9
70.3
69.9
69.3
68.5
67.6
46.8
61.8
68.1
74.0
75.7
74.6
74.8
74.5
73.8
73.3
72.7
44.0
46.9
49.4
56.5
62.7
65.3
65.4
66.1
66.5
67.4
67.0
7.3
7.3
6.6
8.5
9.1
9.6
10.1
10.3
10.7
11.3
11.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60.7
67.5
68.7
68.9
66.2
65.9
66.8
66.0
65.5
65.0
64.9
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
60.5
57.3
57.5
45.6
53.1
90.4
92.6
95.1
93.1
92.7
90.2
88.1
85.4
87.4
88.0
87.2
93.7
94.1
93.7
93.0
90.9
92.3
93.2
92.4
91.2
91.4
90.6
91.1
91.9
91.8
90.7
88.2
88.7
89.9
89.4
89.6
89.3
88.6
78.5
73.3
72.8
74.9
72.4
73.4
73.9
73.5
74.1
72.4
72.8
19.3
13.7
11.4
12.0
12.1
12.3
12.9
13.9
13.2
14.3
14.3
40.3
43.6
45.1
47.2
47.4
49.1
49.0
49.0
49.2
49.6
49.6
48.6
50.0
51.9
53.9
55.8
45.3
46.0
47.2
46.2
44.1
48.7
60.3
68.4
66.2
65.4
67.2
73.6
74.0
75.5
74.7
71.4
70.0
64.6
76.5
76.9
77.0
77.1
82.4
83.1
81.6
80.7
79.1
79.4
68.8
77.1
81.6
82.1
80.7
83.4
82.9
82.6
82.7
81.9
81.7
61.9
60.2
61.0
65.0
67.2
69.1
69.8
69.3
69.7
70.7
69.8
10.0
8.2
7.5
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.7
8.9
8.9
9.8
10.4
B Percentage not shown where base is less than 35,000.
divorced, and married (spouse absent).
1
See footnote 2, Table 576.
2
3
Spouse present.
Widowed,
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletins 2217 and 2340; and unpublished data.
Table 585. Marital Status of Women in the Civilian Labor Force: 1970 to 2004
[Annual averages of monthly figures (31,543 represents 31,543,000). For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old
and over. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Female civilian labor force (1,000)
Year
Female participation rate
Total
Single
3
31,543
37,475
45,487
7,265
9,125
11,865
18,475
21,484
24,980
5,804
6,866
8,643
43.3
46.3
51.5
56.8
59.8
64.4
40.5
44.3
49.8
40.3
40.1
43.6
1985
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
4
Other
2
1970 . . . . . . . . . . .
1975 . . . . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . . . . .
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Married
1
Single
.
.
.
.
4
.
..
..
..
4
.
Other
2
Total
.
.
.
.
Married
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
51,050
53,658
54,742
56,030
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
13,163
13,885
14,194
14,377
14,612
14,681
14,872
15,031
15,333
27,894
29,381
29,921
30,548
30,901
31,112
31,700
31,980
32,888
9,993
10,393
10,627
11,104
11,315
11,385
11,570
11,784
12,018
54.5
56.0
56.6
57.4
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
66.6
67.4
67.7
68.0
66.7
66.2
66.2
66.2
66.7
53.8
55.9
56.7
57.8
58.4
58.5
59.3
59.4
60.7
45.1
45.7
46.2
47.0
47.2
46.8
47.1
47.2
47.5
...
...
..
..
..
..
...
...
4
..
4
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855
66,303
66,848
67,363
68,272
68,421
15,467
15,842
16,492
17,087
17,575
17,849
18,021
18,203
18,397
18,616
33,359
33,618
33,802
33,857
34,372
35,146
35,236
35,477
36,046
35,845
12,118
12,397
12,742
12,771
12,909
13,308
13,592
13,683
13,828
13,961
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.5
59.2
66.8
67.1
67.9
68.5
68.7
68.9
68.1
67.4
66.2
65.9
61.0
61.2
61.6
61.2
61.2
61.1
61.2
61.0
61.0
60.5
47.4
48.1
48.6
48.8
49.1
49.0
49.0
49.2
49.6
49.6
4
4
4
4
1
Husband present. 2 Widowed, divorced, or separated.
See footnote 2, Table 576.
3
See footnote 3, Table 581 for definition of participation rate.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; and unpublished data.
392
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 586. Employment Status of Women by Marital Status and Presence and
Age of Children: 1970 to 2004
[As of March (7.0 represents 7,000,000). For the civilian noninstitutional persons 16 years and over. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
With any children
Total
Item
Married 1
Single
IN LABOR
FORCE
(mil.)
1970 . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . .
2003 3 . . . . . . .
2004 3 . . . . . . .
PARTICIPATION
RATE 4
1970 . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . .
2003 3 . . . . . . .
2004 3 . . . . . . .
EMPLOYMENT
(mil.)
1970 . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . .
2003 3 . . . . . . .
2004 3 . . . . . . .
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 5
1970 . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . .
2003 3 . . . . . . .
2004 3 . . . . . . .
Other
2
Single
Total
Children 6 to 17 only
Married 1
Married 1
Other
2
Single
Other
Children under 6
2
Single
Married 1
Other
2
7.0
11.2
14.0
18.4
24.9
31.0
5.9
8.8
11.2
(NA)
0.6
1.5
10.2
13.7
16.5
1.9
3.6
4.2
(NA)
0.2
0.6
6.3
8.4
9.3
1.3
2.6
3.0
(NA)
0.3
0.9
3.9
5.2
7.2
0.6
1.0
1.2
15.0
17.8
18.1
17.9
18.1
33.6
35.0
35.6
36.2
35.9
12.0
13.2
13.7
14.2
14.2
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
18.0
18.2
18.3
18.3
18.0
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
10.2
10.8
11.1
11.1
10.8
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
7.8
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.1
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
53.0
61.5
66.4
65.5
68.6
67.1
65.0
64.5
40.8
50.1
58.2
61.1
62.0
61.5
61.8
60.9
39.1
44.0
46.8
47.3
50.2
49.3
50.1
50.3
(NA)
52.0
55.2
57.5
73.9
75.3
73.1
72.6
39.7
54.1
66.3
70.2
70.6
69.6
69.2
68.2
60.7
69.4
74.2
75.3
82.7
82.1
82.0
80.7
(NA)
67.6
69.7
67.0
79.7
81.7
77.6
79.2
49.2
61.7
73.6
76.2
77.2
76.8
77.0
75.6
66.9
74.6
79.7
79.5
85.0
83.6
84.8
83.0
(NA)
44.1
48.7
53.0
70.5
71.0
70.2
68.4
30.3
45.1
58.9
63.5
62.8
60.8
59.8
59.3
52.2
60.3
63.6
66.3
76.6
77.9
74.3
74.4
6.5
10.1
12.9
13.7
16.4
16.5
16.2
16.5
17.5
23.6
29.9
32.3
34.0
34.3
34.8
34.6
5.6
8.2
10.5
11.3
12.7
12.9
13.2
13.3
(NA)
0.4
1.2
1.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
9.6
12.8
15.8
17.2
17.6
17.5
17.5
17.2
1.8
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
(NA)
0.2
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
6.0
8.1
8.9
9.8
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.4
1.2
2.4
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
(NA)
0.2
0.7
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
4.8
6.9
7.3
7.1
6.8
6.8
6.8
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
7.1
10.3
8.2
8.7
7.3
8.7
9.4
8.8
4.8
5.3
3.5
3.9
2.7
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.8
6.4
5.7
5.8
4.3
6.3
6.5
6.1
(NA)
23.2
18.4
16.6
11.0
12.6
13.4
13.1
6.0
5.9
4.2
4.3
2.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
7.2
9.2
8.5
8.1
5.1
7.9
8.9
7.2
(NA)
15.6
14.5
11.8
8.7
11.1
11.6
10.6
4.8
4.4
3.8
3.6
2.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
5.9
7.9
7.7
7.1
4.8
6.7
7.7
6.3
(NA)
29.2
20.8
19.5
12.6
13.8
14.7
14.8
7.9
8.3
4.8
5.3
3.5
5.1
4.9
4.7
9.8
12.8
10.2
10.8
5.9
11.4
13.0
9.9
NA Not available. 1 Husband present. 2 Widowed, divorced, or separated. 3 See footnote 2, Table 576. 4 Percent of
women in each specific category in the labor force. 5 Unemployed as a percent of civilian labor force in specified group.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; and unpublished data.
Table 587. Labor Force Participation Rates for Wives, Husband Present by Age
of Own Youngest Child: 1975 to 2004
[As of March. For civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years old and over. For definition of participation rate, see Table 586.
Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Total
Presence and age of child
Wives, total . .
No children under 18 .
With children under 18
Under 6, total . . . . .
Under 3 . . . . . . .
1 year or under
2 years. . . . . .
3 to 5 years . . . .
3 years. . . . . .
4 years. . . . . .
5 years. . . . . .
6 to 13 years . . . . .
14 to 17 years . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
White
1
Black
1
1975
1990
2004
1975
1990
2004
1975
1990
2004
44.4
43.8
44.9
36.7
32.7
30.8
37.1
42.2
41.2
41.2
44.4
51.8
53.5
58.2
51.1
66.3
58.9
55.5
53.9
60.9
64.1
63.1
65.1
64.5
73.0
75.1
60.9
55.0
68.2
59.3
55.1
54.2
56.1
65.4
63.6
66.8
66.4
74.2
78.8
43.6
43.6
43.6
34.7
30.7
29.2
35.1
40.1
39.0
38.7
43.8
50.7
53.4
57.6
50.8
65.6
57.8
54.9
53.3
60.3
62.5
62.3
63.2
62.0
72.6
74.9
60.4
54.8
67.7
58.4
54.5
54.7
55.2
64.3
62.5
65.2
65.5
73.8
79.0
54.1
47.6
58.4
54.9
50.1
50.0
56.4
61.2
62.7
64.9
56.3
65.7
52.3
64.7
52.9
75.6
73.1
67.5
64.4
75.4
80.4
74.5
80.6
86.2
77.6
78.8
67.9
58.1
78.4
75.1
71.3
70.7
75.0
79.1
82.7
80.3
71.6
80.5
81.0
1
2004 for persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2340; and unpublished data.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
393
Table 588. Married Couples by Labor Force Status of Spouse: 1986 to 2004
[50,933 represents 50,933,000. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; for details see source and
Appendix III]
Number (1,000)
Year
1986
1990
1995
1998
1999
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
......
......
......
......
......
Percent distribution
In labor force
All
married Husband Husband
couples and wife
only
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Wife
only
Husband
In labor force
and wife
not in Husband Husband
labor force and wife
only
Wife
only
Husband
and wife
not in
labor force
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50,933
52,317
53,858
54,317
54,770
25,428
28,056
29,999
30,591
30,635
14,675
13,013
11,777
11,582
11,704
2,362
2,453
3,043
3,087
3,185
8,468
8,794
9,039
9,057
9,245
49.9
53.6
55.7
56.3
55.9
28.8
24.9
21.9
21.3
21.4
4.6
4.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
16.6
16.8
16.8
16.7
16.9
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . .
WITH CHILDREN
UNDER 18
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1999 . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
55,311
56,592
56,747
58,586
59,064
31,095
31,794
31,637
32,585
32,199
11,815
12,213
12,327
12,757
13,328
3,301
3,274
3,388
3,642
3,771
9,098
9,311
9,395
9,602
9,766
56.2
56.2
55.8
55.6
54.5
21.4
21.6
21.7
21.8
22.6
6.0
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.4
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.4
16.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24,630
24,537
25,241
25,269
25,066
14,606
15,768
17,024
17,168
16,887
8,916
7,667
6,863
6,856
6,998
518
558
756
753
765
590
544
598
491
418
59.3
64.3
67.4
67.9
67.4
36.2
31.2
27.2
27.1
27.9
2.1
2.3
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25,248
25,980
25,792
26,445
26,377
17,116
17,563
17,233
17,383
17,014
6,950
7,210
7,301
7,660
7,923
795
784
777
923
983
387
422
482
480
458
67.8
67.6
66.8
65.7
64.5
27.5
27.8
28.3
29.0
30.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11,924
12,051
11,951
11,773
11,461
11,393
11,732
11,531
12,014
12,006
6,271
6,932
7,406
7,310
6,878
6,984
7,054
6,796
6,884
6,794
5,284
4,692
4,059
4,079
4,182
4,077
4,296
4,311
4,615
4,713
155
192
233
223
257
211
247
250
308
326
215
235
253
161
144
121
134
175
208
173
52.6
57.5
62.0
62.1
60.0
61.3
60.1
58.9
57.3
56.6
44.3
38.9
34.0
34.6
36.5
35.8
36.6
37.4
38.4
39.3
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.6
2.7
1.8
2.0
2.1
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.7
1.4
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . .
WITH CHILDREN
UNDER 6
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1999 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Table MC-1, Married Couples by Labor Force Status of Spouses: 1986 to Present; released 29
June 2005; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html>.
Table 589. Employed Civilians and Weekly Hours: 1980 to 2004
[In thousands (99,303 represents 99,303,000), except as indicated. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old
and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Item
Total employed . . . . . . . . .
Age:
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . .
Class of worker:
Nonagricultural industries . . . . . .
Wage and salary worker . . . . .
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries .
Wage and salary worker . . . . .
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . .
Weekly hours:
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers . . . . .
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries:
Wage and salary workers. . . . .
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . .
1980
1990
1
1995
2000
1
2002
2003
1
2004
1
...
99,303
118,793
124,900
136,891
136,485
137,736
139,252
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7,710
14,087
27,204
19,523
16,234
11,586
2,960
6,581
13,401
33,935
30,817
19,525
11,189
3,346
6,419
12,443
32,356
34,202
24,378
11,435
3,666
7,189
13,229
31,549
36,433
30,310
14,002
4,179
6,332
13,351
30,306
35,235
31,281
15,674
4,306
5,919
13,433
30,383
34,881
31,914
16,598
4,608
5,907
13,723
30,423
34,580
32,469
17,331
4,819
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
95,938
88,525
7,000
413
3,364
1,425
1,642
297
115,570
106,598
8,719
253
3,223
1,740
1,378
105
121,460
112,448
8,902
110
3,440
1,814
1,580
45
134,427
125,114
9,205
108
2,464
1,421
1,010
33
134,174
125,156
8,923
95
2,311
1,282
1,003
26
135,461
126,015
9,344
101
2,275
1,299
951
25
137,020
127,463
9,467
90
2,232
1,242
964
27
...
...
...
38.1
41.2
34.7
39.2
40.8
34.0
39.2
39.4
33.5
39.6
39.7
32.5
39.1
38.7
31.5
39.0
38.4
31.7
39.0
38.4
31.3
...
...
...
41.6
49.3
38.6
41.2
46.8
38.5
41.1
43.5
42.0
43.2
45.3
38.3
42.4
44.9
38.7
42.6
45.1
33.4
42.7
44.4
37.3
1
See footnote 2, Table 576.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January issues; and unpublished data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
394
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 590. Persons at Work by Hours Worked: 2004
[133,770 represents 133,770,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. See headnote, Table 593 regarding industries]
Persons at work (1,000)
Agriculture
and related
Total
industries
Hours of work
Total . . . . . . . . .
1 to 34 hours . . . . . . .
1 to 4 hours . . . . . .
5 to 14 hours . . . . .
15 to 29 hours . . . .
30 to 34 hours . . . .
35 hours and over . . .
35 to 39 hours . . . .
40 hours . . . . . . . .
41 hours and over . .
41 to 48 hours . . .
49 to 58 hours . . .
60 hours and over
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Percent distribution
Nonagricultural
industries
Total
Agriculture
and related
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
133,770
32,378
1,391
5,011
16,017
9,959
101,393
9,129
54,878
37,386
13,201
14,085
10,100
2,134
577
54
143
254
127
1,556
103
531
922
163
250
509
131,637
31,801
1,337
4,868
15,763
9,832
99,836
9,026
54,347
36,464
13,039
13,835
9,590
100.0
24.2
1.0
3.7
12.0
7.4
75.8
6.8
41.0
27.9
9.9
10.5
7.6
100.0
27.0
2.5
6.7
11.9
5.9
73.0
4.8
24.9
43.2
7.6
11.7
23.9
100.0
24.2
1.0
3.7
12.0
7.5
75.8
6.9
41.3
27.7
9.9
10.5
7.3
Average weekly hours: Persons at work . . . .
Persons usually working full-time . . . . . . .
39.0
42.9
43.4
49.4
39.0
42.8
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
X Not applicable.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 591. Persons With a Job, But Not at Work: 1980 to 2004
[In thousands (5,881 represents 5,881,000), except percent. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over.
Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1 and Appendix III]
Reason for not working
All industries, number .
Percent of employed
Reason for not working:
Vacation . . . . . . . . . .
Illness . . . . . . . . . . .
Bad weather . . . . . . .
Industrial dispute . . . .
All other . . . . . . . . . .
1980 1990
1
1995 1997
1
1998
1
1999
1
2000
1
2001
2002 2003
1
2004
1
.....
.....
5,881
5.9
6,160
5.2
5,582
4.5
5,555
4.3
5,586
4.2
5,407
4.1
5,681
4.2
5,631
4.1
5,394
4.0
5,469
4.0
5,482
3.9
.
.
.
.
.
3,320
1,426
155
105
876
3,529
1,341
90
24
1,177
2,982
1,084
122
21
1,373
2,942
1,114
146
20
1,334
3,033
1,095
130
10
1,318
2,899
1,096
104
7
1,300
3,109
1,156
89
14
1,313
3,039
1,095
100
9
1,388
2,929
1,072
97
7
1,289
2,922
1,090
123
18
1,316
2,923
1,058
133
10
1,358
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
See footnote 2, Table 576.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January issues; and unpublished data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 592. Class of Worker by Sex and Selected Characteristic: 2004
[In percent, except as indicated (10,431 represents 10,431,000). For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Unincorporated
self-employed
Characteristic
Total (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . .
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Age: 16 to 19 years old . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . .
Race/ethnicity: White 2 . . . . . . . .
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Country of birth: U.S. born . . . . .
Foreign-born. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. citizen . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not a U.S. citizen . . . . . . . .
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Incorporated
self-employed
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
10,431
100.0
0.8
3.1
15.5
25.1
26.8
19.4
9.3
88.1
5.8
4.0
9.9
86.8
13.4
6.0
7.4
6,562
100.0
0.9
3.3
15.1
24.2
26.7
19.5
10.2
88.6
5.5
3.7
10.9
86.0
14.2
6.0
8.2
3,869
100.0
0.6
2.8
16.1
26.7
27.0
19.2
7.7
87.1
6.4
4.4
8.2
88.2
12.0
5.9
6.2
5,151
100.0
0.1
1.3
11.5
28.5
31.1
20.6
6.8
89.4
4.1
5.3
5.8
85.9
14.1
9.6
4.5
3,775
100.0
0.1
1.5
11.4
28.4
30.8
20.6
7.1
90.1
3.8
5.0
5.9
86.2
13.8
9.2
4.6
Wage and salary
workers 1
Female
Total
Male
Female
1,376 123,554
100.0
100.0
0.1
4.7
0.8
10.8
11.6
22.8
28.9
24.7
31.9
22.7
20.7
11.5
5.9
2.8
87.4
82.0
4.7
11.4
6.2
4.3
5.5
13.4
84.9
85.3
15.0
14.7
10.7
5.8
4.4
8.9
64,145
100.0
4.5
10.9
24.0
25.0
21.9
11.1
2.7
83.3
10.0
4.4
15.4
83.2
16.8
5.8
11.0
59,408
100.0
4.9
10.7
21.6
24.3
23.6
12.0
3.0
80.6
12.9
4.2
11.3
87.7
12.3
5.7
6.6
1
Excludes the incorporated self-employed. 2 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577.
Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, unpublished data.
3
Persons of
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
395
Table 593. Self-Employed Workers by Industry and Occupation: 2000 to 2004
[In thousands (10,214 represents 10,214,000). For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages
of monthly figures. Data represent the unincorporated self-employed; the incorporated self-employed are considered wage and salary workers. Based on the occupational and industrial classification derived from those used in the 2000 census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 Census. See text, this section. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and
Appendix III]
Item
Total self-employed. . . . . .
Industry:
Agriculture and related industries .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade . . . . .
Transportation and utilities . . . . .
.............
2003
10,295
10,431
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,010
12
1,728
334
1,221
348
988
21
1,675
354
1,195
375
1,003
13
1,598
312
1,163
369
951
9
1,717
325
1,247
357
964
13
1,848
316
1,153
410
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services 2 . .
Education and health services 2. . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality 2 . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation:
Management, professional, and related
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance occupations . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material
moving occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
139
735
1,927
1,107
660
993
132
697
2,001
1,090
631
951
145
675
1,863
1,119
627
1,041
152
736
1,908
1,138
686
1,071
146
792
1,993
1,105
660
1,031
.........
.........
.........
4,169
1,775
1,982
4,085
1,775
1,927
4,064
1,786
1,883
4,176
1,690
1,945
4,179
1,757
1,909
.........
1,591
1,602
1,503
1,795
1,847
.........
698
720
690
689
739
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2002
9,926
.
.
.
.
.
.
See footnote 2, Table 576.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2004
2001
10,109
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2000
10,214
3
For composition of industries, see Table 613.
Includes private households.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January issues. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov
/cps/home.htm>.
Table 594. Persons Doing Job-Related Work at Home: 2001
[19,759 represents 19,759,000. As of May. For persons at work 16 years and over in non-agricultural industries doing job-related
work at home at least once a week as part of their primary job. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and
Appendix III. Industry and occupational classifications not comparable to those based on the 2000 Census. See text, this section]
Wage and salary workers paid to
work at home
Percent distribution
Wage and salary
workers
Characteristic
Total 1
(1,000)
Total
6
.....................
Rate
2
Paid
Percent distribution
Selfemployed
3
Unpaid
4
Total 5
(1,000)
Hours
vary
Usually Usually
less
35
than 8 hours or
hours
more
19,759
15.0
17.4
52.0
29.7
3,436
27.4
24.5
15.7
10,291
9,468
14.8
15.2
16.0
18.9
50.5
53.7
32.6
26.5
1,642
1,794
30.9
24.2
23.3
25.7
14.8
16.5
17,947
1,152
937
16.3
7.6
6.7
17.5
14.9
20.4
51.6
57.9
49.2
30.0
26.0
28.4
3,138
172
191
27.2
29.7
32.3
24.4
22.1
15.9
15.0
28.9
27.6
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic origin 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional . . . . .
Exec., admin., and managerial . .
Professional specialty . . . . . . . .
Technical, sales and admin. support
Technicians and related support .
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Admin support, inc. clerical. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12,628
5,262
7,366
4,669
305
3,133
1,231
29.8
25.7
33.5
12.2
6.9
20.0
6.8
14.2
16.7
12.5
24.7
36.0
20.3
33.4
62.8
52.5
70.1
40.2
48.4
40.3
37.8
22.4
30.0
17.0
33.9
14.3
38.9
25.8
1,798
880
918
1,155
110
635
411
28.0
25.8
30.1
27.3
40.2
27.8
23.3
24.1
24.3
23.9
22.1
24.6
18.9
26.5
13.9
12.9
14.9
16.7
21.2
13.0
21.0
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision production, craft, & repair.
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
972
1,050
381
59
5.3
7.1
2.2
8.7
24.1
15.7
19.4
(B)
18.4
19.4
24.3
(B)
55.1
64.4
49.3
(B)
234
165
74
10
25.6
29.1
(B)
(B)
19.6
47.2
(B)
(B)
33.1
2.7
(B)
(B)
- Represents zero. B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure. 1 Includes unpaid
2
Persons working at home as a percent of the total employed.
family workers and persons who did not report pay status.
3
Persons with formal arrangements with their employers to be paid for the work done at home. 4 Includes incorporated and
5
6
Includes those not reporting usual number of hours worked.
Includes other races, not
unincorporated self-employed.
shown separately. 7 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Work at Home in 2001, News, USDL 02-107, March 1, 2002. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
396
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 595. Persons on Flexible Schedules: 2004
[In thousands, except percent. (99,778 represents 99,778,000) As of May. For employed full-time wage and salary workers 16
years old and over. Excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Data related
to the primary job. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix III]
Total
Male
With flexible
schedules
Item
1
1
Number
Percent
99,778
27,411
27.5
56,412
15,853
28.1
43,366
11,558
26.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,427
98,351
9,004
24,640
26,766
24,855
11,745
1,341
336
27,075
2,058
6,902
7,807
6,651
3,181
475
23.6
27.5
22.9
28.0
29.2
26.8
27.1
35.4
903
55,509
5,147
14,358
15,424
13,440
6,383
757
185
15,668
1,065
4,051
4,605
3,769
1,865
314
20.5
28.2
20.7
28.2
29.9
28.0
29.2
41.4
524
42,842
3,856
10,283
11,342
11,415
5,361
585
151
11,406
993
2,851
3,202
2,882
1,316
161
28.9
26.6
25.8
27.7
28.2
25.2
24.5
27.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
80,498
12,578
4,136
14,110
23,121
2,476
1,132
2,596
28.7
19.7
27.4
18.4
46,222
6,447
2,300
8,621
13,582
1,193
720
1,430
29.4
18.5
31.3
16.6
34,276
6,131
1,836
5,489
9,539
1,283
412
1,166
27.8
20.9
22.4
21.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
57,630
42,148
25,144
17,004
16,270
11,141
6,693
4,448
28.2
26.4
26.6
26.2
34,926
21,486
14,469
7,018
10,382
5,471
3,605
1,866
29.7
25.5
24.9
26.6
22,704
20,662
10,676
9,986
5,888
5,670
3,088
2,582
25.9
27.4
28.9
25.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
61,761
38,018
21,739
16,279
16,759
10,652
5,960
4,692
27.1
28.0
27.4
28.8
34,680
21,733
11,477
10,256
9,410
6,443
3,341
3,102
27.1
29.6
29.1
30.2
27,081
16,285
10,262
6,023
7,349
4,209
2,619
1,590
27.1
25.8
25.5
26.4
Number Percent
Total
1
With flexible
schedules
..
Total
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AGE
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . .
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic origin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present . . . . . . .
Not married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other marital status . . . . . . . .
PRESENCE AND AGE
OF CHILDREN
Without own children under 18. . .
With own children under 18. . . . .
With youngest child 6 to 17 . . .
With youngest child under 6. . .
Female
With flexible
schedules
Number Percent
Total
1
Includes persons who did not provide information on flexible schedules. 2 For persons in the race group only. See footnote
3, Table 577. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workers on Flexible and Shift Schedules, News, USDL 05-1198, July 1, 2005. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Table 596. Persons on Shift Schedules: 2004
[In percent, except as indicated. (99,778 represents 99,778,000) As of May. See headnote, Table 595]
Total
workers
(1,000) 1
Regular
daytime
schedules
..
99,778
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Item
Total . . . . . . . . . . . .
AGE
16 to 19 years old . . . . . .
20 years old and over . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . .
65 years old and over . .
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RACE AND
HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic origin 4 . . . . . . . .
MARITAL STATUS
Males:
Married, spouse present.
Not married . . . . . . . . .
Never married . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . .
Females:
Married, spouse present.
Not married . . . . . . . . .
Never married . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . .
Shift workers
Total
Evening
shift
Night
shift
Rotating
shift
Split
shift
Irregular
shift 2
Other
shift
84.6
14.8
4.7
3.2
2.5
0.5
3.1
0.7
1,427
98,351
9,004
24,640
26,766
24,855
11,745
1,341
64.9
84.9
76.8
84.1
85.4
86.8
87.1
88.8
34.6
14.6
22.3
15.2
14.1
12.8
12.5
10.3
14.5
4.6
8.8
5.0
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.5
4.4
3.2
3.7
3.4
3.2
3.2
2.6
1.8
6.1
2.5
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
8.3
3.0
4.6
2.8
3.1
2.5
3.0
2.9
0.2
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.2
..
..
56,412
43,366
82.7
87.0
16.7
12.4
5.2
4.1
3.6
2.8
2.8
2.2
0.5
0.5
3.6
2.4
0.9
0.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
80,498
12,578
4,136
14,110
85.8
78.0
83.6
83.1
13.7
20.8
15.7
16.0
4.1
7.9
5.4
5.8
3.0
4.5
4.1
3.9
2.3
4.1
1.6
2.1
0.5
0.4
1.2
0.6
3.1
3.0
2.6
2.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
34,926
21,486
14,469
7,018
84.8
79.5
78.6
81.4
14.9
19.7
20.6
17.8
3.9
7.4
8.1
5.9
3.3
3.9
3.8
4.2
2.9
2.6
2.6
2.8
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.4
3.4
4.0
4.2
3.6
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
22,704
20,662
10,676
9,986
90.4
83.2
81.2
85.5
9.2
16.0
17.9
13.9
2.8
5.6
6.3
4.8
2.4
3.2
3.0
3.5
1.4
3.0
3.6
2.3
0.3
0.6
0.8
0.4
1.9
2.9
3.6
2.1
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
1
Includes persons who did not provide information on usual shift worked. 2 Employer arranged schedule. 3 For persons
in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workers on Flexible and Shift Schedules, News, USDL 05-1198, July 1, 2005. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
397
Table 597. Multiple Jobholders: 2004
[Annual average of monthly figures (7,473 represents 7,473,000). For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and
over. Multiple jobholders are employed persons who, either 1) had jobs as wage or salary workers with two employers or more;
2) were self-employed and also held a wage and salary job; or 3) were unpaid family workers on their primary jobs but also held
a wage and salary job. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix III]
Total
Characteristic
Number
(1,000)
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age:
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Race and Hispanic ethnicity:
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marital status:
Married, spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . .
Single, never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full- or part-time status:
Primary job full-time, secondary job part time
Both jobs part-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both jobs full-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job . . .
Male
Percent of
employed
Number
(1,000)
Female
Percent of
employed
Number
(1,000)
Percent of
employed
..
7,473
5.4
3,835
5.1
3,638
5.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
274
795
5,361
869
173
4.6
5.8
5.5
5.0
3.6
107
377
2,800
451
100
3.6
5.2
5.3
4.9
3.7
167
419
2,561
417
74
5.7
6.5
5.7
5.1
3.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6,357
705
226
612
5.5
4.7
3.8
3.4
3,266
360
118
363
5.2
5.2
3.6
3.4
3,091
345
108
248
5.9
4.3
3.9
3.5
..
..
..
4,125
1,303
2,044
5.2
5.9
5.5
2,408
463
964
5.3
5.1
4.7
1,718
840
1,080
5.0
6.4
6.4
.
.
.
.
3,908
1,678
286
1,564
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
2,210
540
187
879
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
1,697
1,138
100
685
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
.
.
.
.
1
Includes a small number of persons who work part-time on their primary job and full-time on their
X Not applicable.
secondary job(s), not shown separately. Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 For persons who selected this race group
only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 3 Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 2005. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 598. Average Number of Jobs Held From Ages 18 to 38: 1978 to 2002
[For persons 37 to 45 in 2002. A job is an uninterrupted period of work with a particular employer. Educational attainment as of
2002. Based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979; see source for details]
Number of jobs held by age
Sex and educational attainment
Total
1
Age 18 to
Age 23 to
Age 28 to Age 33 to 38
22 years old 27 years old 32 years old
years old
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
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10.2
10.3
9.7
10.5
10.6
10.4
11.6
10.2
10.6
10.0
9.9
8.5
9.2
10.4
11.1
10.3
10.8
9.7
10.8
10.6
9.6
9.1
9.7
9.7
9.9
4.4
3.9
4.2
4.6
5.0
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.3
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.4
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.8
5.1
3.6
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.2
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.4
2.7
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.7
Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.5
10.5
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
1
Jobs held in more than one age category were counted in each category, but only once in the total.
not shown separately.
2
Includes other races,
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Number of Jobs Held, Labor Market Activity, and Earnings Growth Among Younger
Baby Boomers: Recent results from a Longitudinal Survey, USDL04-1678,August 25, 2004. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/nls/home.htm>.
398
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 599. Distribution of Workers by Tenure With Current Employer: 2004
[121,753 represents 121,753,000. As of January. For employed wage and salary workers 16 years and over. Data exclude the
incorporated and unincorporated self-employed. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; see source
and Appendix lll]
Percent distribution by tenure with current employer
Number
12
13 to
em23
ployed months
(1,000) or less months 2 years
Characteristic
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AGE AND SEX
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . .
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic origin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 4
years
5 to 9
years
10 to
14
years
15 to
19
years
20
years
or Median
more years 1
.
121,753
23.0
7.0
5.7
18.5
19.8
9.9
6.4
9.7
4.0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,433
13,028
27,877
30,314
27,713
13,983
3,405
63,146
2,683
6,798
15,209
15,885
13,785
7,026
1,761
58,608
2,750
6,230
12,668
14,429
13,929
6,957
1,644
73.2
49.6
26.9
17.4
11.0
10.4
9.9
22.4
70.9
50.0
26.0
16.4
9.6
11.4
8.7
23.7
75.5
49.2
27.9
18.4
12.4
9.4
11.2
11.2
12.6
9.4
5.7
4.7
4.0
3.1
6.6
9.9
11.4
9.1
5.0
4.7
3.9
3.3
7.4
12.3
13.8
9.7
6.5
4.8
4.1
3.0
7.5
10.2
7.4
4.8
3.7
3.4
4.1
5.6
9.3
9.6
6.9
4.7
3.5
3.5
4.4
5.8
5.8
10.9
7.9
4.9
3.9
3.3
3.7
7.8
20.8
25.9
19.1
14.8
12.8
14.0
18.3
9.5
21.5
26.4
18.1
12.8
12.0
16.8
18.7
6.1
20.1
25.2
20.1
16.8
13.6
11.0
0.3
6.6
23.7
25.1
20.7
18.8
20.2
19.6
0.4
7.4
24.1
25.1
19.1
17.5
20.1
20.1
0.3
5.8
23.3
25.0
22.3
20.2
20.3
0.1
5.9
13.7
13.6
13.9
14.0
10.1
0.1
6.6
14.6
13.7
12.9
13.4
9.6
0.1
5.2
12.6
13.4
15.0
14.6
0.9
9.3
10.5
10.6
9.2
6.5
0.9
10.4
11.3
9.1
8.4
6.2
0.8
8.1
9.8
12.1
10.1
5.0
20.9
26.0
25.5
10.9
5.6
25.3
29.7
24.9
8.4
4.3
16.6
22.2
26.1
0.7
1.3
2.9
4.9
7.7
9.6
9.0
4.1
0.8
1.3
3.0
5.2
9.6
9.8
8.2
3.8
0.7
1.3
2.8
4.5
6.4
9.2
9.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100,243
52,758
47,485
13,401
6,097
7,304
5,131
2,678
2,453
16,338
9,778
6,560
22.7
22.3
23.2
24.5
23.4
25.4
22.3
20.3
24.3
26.9
26.4
27.6
7.1
6.7
7.6
5.8
5.4
6.1
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.5
7.3
5.4
5.3
5.5
6.6
7.0
6.2
7.5
6.8
8.2
7.8
7.4
8.5
18.2
17.9
18.5
19.2
18.7
19.6
21.5
22.4
20.6
22.8
23.2
22.2
19.6
19.3
20.0
20.5
20.6
20.4
22.8
23.5
21.9
18.2
17.9
18.7
10.2
10.3
10.1
8.4
9.3
7.6
8.6
9.5
7.6
8.0
8.2
7.7
6.6
6.7
6.4
5.9
5.8
6.1
5.3
4.8
5.8
4.4
4.5
4.3
10.2
11.5
8.7
9.1
9.8
8.5
4.9
5.4
4.3
4.4
4.7
3.8
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.9
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 2 Includes other races, not
shown separately. 3 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may
be of any race.
Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, News, Employee Tenure in 2004, USDL 04-1829, September 21, 2004; and
unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Table 600. Part-Time Workers by Reason: 2004
[In thousands (32,378 represents 32,378,000), except hours. For persons working 1 to 34 hours per week. For civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual average of monthly figures. Based on the Current Population Survey and
subject to sampling error; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
All industries
Reason
Total working fewer than 35 hours . . .
Economic reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions . . . . . .
Could find only part-time work . . . . . . . . .
Seasonal work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job started or ended during the week . . . .
Noneconomic reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child-care problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other family or personal obligations . . . . .
Health or medical limitations . . . . . . . . . .
In school or training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day . . . . . . . . . . . .
Holiday, legal, or religious . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weather-related curtailment. . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hours per week:
Economic reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noneconomic reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagriculture industries
Usually work—
Usually work—
Total
Full-time
Part-time
Total
Full-time
Part-time
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
32,378
4,567
2,841
1,409
179
137
27,811
781
5,642
784
6,284
2,028
3,510
1,045
562
7,176
10,053
1,622
1,360
124
137
8,431
72
704
98
3,510
1,045
562
2,440
22,325
2,945
1,481
1,409
55
19,380
709
4,938
784
6,186
2,028
4,736
31,801
4,469
2,773
1,399
160
136
27,332
777
5,556
763
6,218
1,922
3,462
1,039
535
7,059
9,865
1,559
1,314
109
136
8,306
72
692
97
3,462
1,039
535
2,408
21,936
2,909
1,459
1,399
52
19,026
705
4,864
763
6,121
1,922
4,651
...
...
22.9
21.4
24.0
25.3
22.4
19.8
23.0
21.5
24.0
25.3
22.4
19.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov
/cps/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
399
Table 601. Displaced Workers by Selected Characteristics: 2004
[In percent, except total (5,329 represents 5,329,000). As of January. For persons 20 years old and over with tenure of 3 years
or more who lost or left a job between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant closings or moves, slack work, or the
abolishment of their positions. Based on Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; see source and Appendix III]
Employment status
Characteristic
Total
(1,000)
Employed
Unemployed
Reason for job loss
Plant or
Not in
company
the labor closed down
force
or moved
Slack/
insufficient
work
Position
or shift
abolished
Total 1 . . . . . . . .
to 24 years old . . .
to 54 years old . . .
to 64 years old . . .
years old and over .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,329
149
4,087
887
206
64.8
65.0
68.9
55.5
23.8
20.2
19.6
19.5
24.9
12.9
15.0
15.3
11.6
19.6
63.3
43.1
52.6
42.2
45.2
45.2
28.3
28.7
29.3
22.1
34.9
28.6
18.7
28.5
32.7
19.9
Males . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . .
25 to 54 years old . . .
55 to 64 years old . . .
65 years old and over .
Females . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . .
25 to 54 years old . . .
55 to 64 years old . . .
65 years old and over .
White 3 . . . . . . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . .
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic origin 4 . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,010
96
2,372
461
81
2,319
53
1,715
426
125
4,273
695
215
608
67.7
59.8
71.0
58.1
33.5
61.1
(2)
65.9
52.7
17.5
65.6
61.6
63.2
64.6
20.8
24.5
20.8
22.3
8.5
19.3
(2)
17.7
27.7
15.8
18.9
27.1
22.6
20.8
11.5
15.7
8.1
19.6
57.9
19.6
(2)
16.4
19.6
66.7
15.5
11.2
14.2
14.6
40.7
44.4
39.8
44.0
44.0
46.3
(2)
45.6
46.4
46.0
42.7
47.1
44.8
41.5
31.9
33.7
33.3
23.8
34.4
23.7
(2)
23.8
20.3
35.3
27.4
28.9
36.7
36.1
27.5
21.9
27.0
32.3
21.6
30.1
(2)
30.7
33.3
18.8
29.9
24.1
18.5
22.4
20
25
55
65
1
Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 3 For persons in this race
group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, News, Worker Displacement, 1999−2001, USDL 04-1381, July 30, 2004. See Internet
site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Table 602. Labor Force Status of Persons With a Work Disability by Age: 2004
[In percent, except as indicated (23,081 represents 23,081,000). As of March. For civilians 16 to 74 who have a condition which
prevents them from working or limits the amount of work they can do. Data from the Current Population Survey and subject to
sampling error; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Age
Labor force status
Number (1,000)
In labor force . . . . . .
Employed . . . . . .
Full-time. . . . . .
Not in labor force . . .
Unemployment rate .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Total
16 to 24
years old
25 to 34
years old
35 to 44
years old
45 to 54
years old
55 to 64
years old
65 to 69
years old
70 to 74
years old
23,081
23.3
19.9
11.6
76.7
14.8
1,504
33.5
25.3
11.1
66.5
24.6
2,331
33.1
27.2
16.2
66.9
17.8
3,741
30.9
24.9
15.9
69.1
19.5
5,320
26.2
22.8
14.0
73.8
13.0
6,120
18.7
17.3
10.6
81.3
7.9
2,123
11.9
11.2
4.5
88.1
5.6
1,943
8.3
7.1
2.0
91.7
14.9
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Disability Data from the March Current Population Survey’’; <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability
/disabcps.html>; (accessed 18 July 2005).
Table 603. Persons Not in the Labor Force: 2004
[In thousands (75,956 represents 75,956,000). Annual average of monthly figures. For the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years old and over. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Age
Total not in the labor force . . . . . . . . . . . .
Do not want a job now 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Want a job now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In the previous year—
Did not search for a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Did search for a job 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not available for work now . . . . . . . . . . . .
Available for work now, not looking for work.
Reason for not currently looking for work:
Discouraged over job prospects 3 . . . .
Family responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . .
In school or training . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ill health or disability . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
..
..
Sex
Total
16 to 24
years old
25 to 54
years old
55 years
old
and over
Male
Female
75,956
71,103
4,852
14,151
12,422
1,729
21,288
19,136
2,152
40,517
39,545
971
28,730
26,565
2,165
47,225
44,538
2,687
Status and reason
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,715
2,137
563
1,574
886
843
279
565
1,145
1,006
242
764
684
288
42
245
1,126
1,040
230
809
1,590
1,097
333
765
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
466
157
244
123
584
142
28
199
18
178
240
104
43
71
306
84
24
2
35
100
288
38
131
56
296
178
119
112
67
288
1
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job. 2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have
searched since the end of that job. 3 Includes such things as believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 4 Includes such things as child care and
transportation problems.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
400
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 604. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
2004
[For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over (139,252 represents 139,252,000). Annual average of monthly
figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. Occupational classifications are those used in
the 2000 census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 census]
Total
employed
(1,000) Female
Occupation
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, professional, and related occupations . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations . . . . .
Management occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chief executives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and operations managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and promotions managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marketing and sales managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative services managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information systems managers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial production managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers . . . . . . . . .
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farmers and ranchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineering managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food service managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lodging managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and health services managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, real estate, and community association managers . . .
Social and community service managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business and financial operations occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators . . .
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists . . . .
Management analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accountants and auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appraisers and assessors of real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal financial advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance underwriters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan counselors and officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax preparers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and mathematical occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer scientists and systems analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer programmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer software engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer support specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network and computer systems administrators . . . . . . . . . . .
Network systems and data communications analysts . . . . . . .
Operations research analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture and engineering occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architects, except naval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civil engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer hardware engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial engineers, including health and safety . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineering technicians, except drafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surveying and mapping technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life, physical, and social science occupations 3. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemists and materials scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental scientists and geoscientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Market and survey researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Psychologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community and social services occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counselors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists . . . . .
Clergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lawyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paralegals and legal assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous legal support workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total
Black
1
Asian
1
Hispanic
2
139,252
46.5
10.7
4.3
12.9
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48,532
20,235
14,555
1,680
795
70
806
87
337
1,045
262
280
170
241
199
817
851
757
106
916
152
508
604
280
5,680
212
285
281
50.3
42.1
36.7
23.3
26.7
60.3
40.4
34.6
31.0
56.6
64.4
18.0
39.1
14.9
20.1
25.2
6.4
62.6
5.9
41.2
51.3
71.7
48.5
67.0
55.8
51.0
54.2
65.9
8.1
7.0
5.9
3.2
5.8
5.2
3.4
7.6
4.9
7.8
7.3
4.7
5.6
7.1
0.1
0.4
2.4
12.8
1.7
8.2
4.1
8.8
6.8
13.6
9.6
5.0
11.6
16.2
5.6
4.5
4.0
3.4
3.5
0.9
3.7
2.5
7.3
4.8
1.3
1.2
2.9
2.0
0.2
0.5
1.7
2.1
7.0
12.1
11.7
4.3
1.9
2.2
5.7
3.1
2.5
2.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
3.7
7.1
4.1
4.8
9.0
5.2
6.9
6.6
6.7
6.3
8.2
9.9
1.8
8.0
5.3
2.9
11.1
4.2
4.7
11.8
6.1
6.5
8.0
6.2
6.1
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126
98
694
554
1,723
138
331
98
425
81
88
28,297
3,140
700
564
813
325
94
190
312
90
2,760
207
113
293
96
343
177
311
206
416
80
1,365
123
93
141
86
124
185
84
2,170
643
687
283
403
1,554
954
322
215
51.5
17.7
67.9
41.8
60.5
31.2
26.6
71.2
56.7
63.6
63.1
56.1
27.0
29.4
26.7
25.0
29.7
33.6
20.3
21.9
43.0
13.8
24.0
11.3
11.7
12.7
7.9
18.8
5.8
23.7
19.7
12.2
43.0
45.2
53.2
32.5
27.3
48.2
66.7
33.3
61.1
69.1
77.7
65.6
15.0
48.9
29.4
86.4
76.6
14.4
2.5
13.2
6.9
8.6
2.4
5.8
8.4
10.0
19.1
6.1
9.0
7.5
9.8
6.9
5.3
9.2
5.5
8.5
8.0
9.4
4.9
2.6
4.4
7.7
7.4
4.8
4.9
4.2
5.0
5.9
1.0
5.6
3.1
5.1
7.0
5.1
6.6
3.3
10.6
19.1
21.9
20.4
24.7
11.6
6.4
4.7
10.4
6.0
1.3
0.7
3.9
4.7
9.5
2.1
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.5
9.9
6.4
14.0
10.1
14.1
24.2
7.9
16.5
6.9
7.7
10.6
8.4
5.8
9.2
11.7
19.0
12.3
6.1
6.5
4.8
5.8
0.8
9.2
12.7
17.6
14.8
1.5
7.6
1.4
7.8
2.8
2.0
2.9
1.7
5.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
4.1
8.3
4.5
7.8
4.3
6.7
4.0
2.9
4.9
8.2
5.9
8.1
6.4
5.5
6.6
3.9
4.1
8.7
3.3
6.1
7.0
5.9
5.7
7.1
4.2
4.6
5.8
4.0
5.4
3.9
9.9
8.8
7.7
5.1
2.2
3.1
4.3
2.3
4.8
4.6
6.3
9.4
9.7
10.9
12.3
6.0
5.7
3.4
10.7
8.1
See footnotes end of table.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
401
Table 604. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
2004—Con.
[For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over (139,252 represents 139,252,000). Annual average of monthly
figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. Occupational classifications are those used in
the 2000 census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 census]
Occupation
Professional and related occupations—con.
Education, training, and library occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postsecondary teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preschool and kindergarten teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary and middle school teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secondary school teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special education teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other teachers and instructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Librarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teacher assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 3. . . .
Artists and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Producers and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers . . . . . . . . . .
Musicians, singers, and related workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
News analysts, reporters and correspondents . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Writers and authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio
operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . .
Chiropractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dentists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dietitians and nutritionists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmacists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physicians and surgeons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Registered nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Respiratory therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speech-language pathologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians . . . . . . . . . .
Dental hygienists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic-related technologists and technicians . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics . . . . . . . . . .
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians.
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses . . . . . . . . .
Medical records and health information technicians . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare support occupations 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massage therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives . . . . . .
Firefighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detectives and criminal investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Police and sheriffs patrol officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private detectives and investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers. . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and serving-related occupations . . . . . . . . . . .
Chefs and head cooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bartenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
Waiters and waitresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food servers, nonrestaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers . . .
Dishwashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop . . . .
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial
workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service,
and groundskeeping workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitors and building cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maids and housekeeping cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pest control workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grounds maintenance workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
(1,000)
Female
Percent of total
Black
1
Asian
1
Hispanic
2
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7,900
1,176
656
2,580
1,151
384
667
217
920
2,687
222
792
137
239
179
81
133
164
194
73.4
46.0
98.1
81.3
55.3
83.3
64.7
83.2
91.6
47.0
50.7
54.0
32.3
31.6
36.4
53.7
61.1
53.9
55.1
9.4
5.9
15.2
9.5
6.6
9.7
8.6
5.6
14.6
6.1
2.2
5.0
8.4
7.8
8.6
7.4
7.6
4.1
3.6
3.4
11.0
2.5
1.7
1.5
1.3
4.8
4.5
1.8
4.8
3.9
7.1
3.4
2.2
3.4
4.7
3.3
3.3
2.2
6.9
3.5
8.2
6.4
5.2
5.0
8.6
4.6
14.3
7.5
6.4
7.4
8.8
5.4
5.4
3.4
4.6
4.1
2.6
.
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.
.
.
92
158
6,721
73
167
84
233
830
70
2,464
84
173
103
93
333
130
284
139
397
517
91
12.1
37.6
73.2
22.7
22.0
89.2
47.0
29.4
67.3
92.2
92.7
65.4
54.7
95.1
72.0
98.8
71.8
32.7
84.1
94.3
88.6
12.2
8.0
10.0
0.3
5.0
21.1
3.1
6.1
6.8
10.1
5.1
7.1
11.9
6.0
14.6
2.6
7.3
9.0
10.8
20.8
16.0
2.7
6.6
7.4
2.8
11.7
3.3
11.0
16.5
7.6
6.8
8.8
10.3
3.8
0.5
10.2
1.1
3.4
1.5
4.2
3.4
4.4
12.1
7.1
5.5
1.9
4.1
11.3
3.7
5.3
9.4
4.4
3.7
3.3
6.4
2.1
6.9
4.2
7.4
8.9
7.7
5.6
18.6
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
22,720
2,921
1,806
106
242
2,847
133
268
373
121
664
81
798
7,279
299
56.8
89.3
89.3
84.6
96.5
21.7
21.2
5.1
28.4
20.2
13.3
33.1
22.6
56.1
18.9
15.6
25.9
34.6
4.4
5.1
17.9
10.2
8.4
20.2
17.1
15.7
7.8
28.4
11.5
11.5
4.3
3.5
3.7
2.9
2.5
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
2.2
2.7
5.2
10.7
19.1
13.1
13.4
6.5
15.3
11.1
6.5
8.6
10.3
7.3
12.7
8.8
14.5
19.3
20.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
644
1,791
621
360
59.0
40.6
57.5
58.2
12.7
16.2
15.1
2.6
3.9
5.8
6.3
1.9
14.6
28.0
22.8
10.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
296
327
1,892
165
379
267
237
5,185
68.6
64.9
73.1
64.9
45.0
23.8
90.1
40.5
12.8
12.2
7.0
19.4
8.8
14.5
4.1
14.9
4.1
4.2
4.8
8.3
5.5
3.4
4.3
3.1
13.4
12.3
12.7
16.1
27.6
34.3
9.6
32.0
...
191
40.6
19.6
0.9
20.2
227
2,047
1,365
75
1,280
8.1
33.2
90.0
7.1
7.1
3.3
17.8
18.0
11.6
8.5
1.1
3.3
4.9
1.7
1.5
12.7
26.8
38.2
13.1
40.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
See footnotes end of table.
402
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 604. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
2004—Con.
[For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over (139,252 represents 139,252,000). Annual average of monthly
figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. Occupational classifications are those used in
the 2000 census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 census]
Occupation
Service occupations—con.
Personal care and service occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers. . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers.
Nonfarm animal caretakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming services workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers. . . . . . . . . . .
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation attendants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child care workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and home care aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recreation and fitness workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
(1,000)
Female
Percent of total
Black
1
Asian
1
Hispanic
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,488
140
174
128
95
101
722
200
70
116
1,332
630
314
77.6
42.3
67.3
62.0
52.8
18.4
91.5
85.4
17.5
71.4
94.5
87.6
64.9
14.9
8.2
9.1
2.8
7.8
34.9
12.1
3.7
11.1
15.2
17.8
21.8
12.6
6.3
1.5
16.6
0.2
19.1
3.9
3.3
47.5
5.6
4.3
2.1
6.1
3.2
12.7
8.2
7.7
9.8
7.7
6.6
11.5
8.2
25.1
11.2
16.5
16.1
7.0
Sales and office occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers . .
Cashiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter and rental clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts salespersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail salespersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising sales agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance sales agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents .
Travel agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, services, all other . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing . . . . . .
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate brokers and sales agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telemarketers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors,
and related workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switchboard operators, including answering service . . . . . . .
Bill and account collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators . . . . . . . . .
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks . . . . . . . . . . .
Payroll and timekeeping clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Court, municipal, and license clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer service representatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eligibility interviewers, government programs. . . . . . . . . . . .
File clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Library assistants, clerical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan interviewers and clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Order clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receptionists and information clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
Couriers and messengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispatchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, planning, and expediting clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock clerks and order fillers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secretaries and administrative assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data entry keyers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Word processors and typists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
Office clerks, general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
35,464
15,983
3,299
1,390
2,971
186
147
3,130
211
508
382
95
476
1,416
68
912
180
63.9
49.3
43.0
28.1
76.1
55.2
12.4
50.8
49.2
44.7
28.5
82.0
39.4
25.5
86.4
54.5
63.8
11.0
9.0
7.1
5.4
15.6
10.5
7.2
10.9
5.3
6.3
7.0
7.1
7.1
3.5
8.5
5.7
18.6
3.9
4.2
4.6
5.7
5.6
4.1
3.6
3.8
1.3
2.8
3.9
7.9
1.9
2.9
0.4
3.6
2.7
10.8
10.3
9.2
9.6
15.9
12.6
9.4
10.9
5.7
6.1
6.2
10.5
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.7
17.0
....
....
312
19,481
63.6
75.9
5.6
12.8
3.1
3.6
11.8
11.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graders and sorters, agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,631
66
229
441
1,567
153
424
102
1,749
66
387
106
143
117
186
114
1,373
161
293
257
167
336
71.4
86.5
70.2
91.6
91.8
91.9
88.1
88.2
71.1
76.5
79.8
75.3
84.7
83.2
82.9
71.9
92.4
65.7
14.8
55.6
48.0
37.1
11.1
18.2
20.1
13.2
7.4
5.8
10.9
12.0
16.4
22.4
14.1
14.1
19.7
6.8
11.5
7.9
10.6
16.8
14.4
12.2
30.4
14.6
3.0
2.2
2.9
5.2
3.9
4.8
5.0
1.8
2.9
4.7
7.6
2.9
2.8
5.0
5.2
4.6
2.5
5.9
4.2
2.5
9.4
5.0
8.4
6.0
15.4
10.7
6.9
7.3
10.0
10.5
12.4
22.4
11.9
13.0
13.4
9.1
10.6
12.2
14.0
12.2
15.0
9.2
12.0
6.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
116
288
584
1,350
3,522
191
504
319
277
154
982
43.2
53.1
28.1
37.4
96.9
55.1
80.3
93.5
87.2
52.2
83.5
29.8
7.6
15.9
14.8
9.4
14.6
15.7
19.5
16.8
28.4
12.7
15.2
3.7
3.1
3.8
2.0
5.6
3.7
4.4
1.0
5.1
6.1
12.0
6.1
22.9
15.8
8.1
9.0
13.1
8.6
11.0
15.4
14.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14,582
991
68
92
8,522
4.5
20.6
76.4
2.9
2.5
6.9
5.4
10.0
12.1
6.7
1.8
2.1
5.4
1.0
22.1
39.0
44.7
10.1
25.0
......
......
887
239
2.2
0.9
3.9
12.7
1.5
0.7
11.7
34.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
See footnotes end of table.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
403
Table 604. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
2004—Con.
[For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over (139,252 represents 139,252,000). Annual average of monthly
figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. Occupational classifications are those used in
the 2000 census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 census]
Total
employed
(1,000) Female
Occupation
Construction and extraction occupations—con.
Carpenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers . . . . .
Construction laborers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators .
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painters, construction and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters . . . . . . . . . . .
Roofers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sheet metal workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural iron and steel workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers, construction trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and building inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Highway maintenance workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers,
and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers . . . . . .
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive body and related repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive service technicians and mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists . . . . . . .
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and
mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and
installers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance and repair workers, general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical power-line installers and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications line installers and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material occupations . . . . . . .
Production occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers . . . .
Bakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers.
Food batchmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic . . . . . . . .
Machinists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool and die makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials . . . . . . . . . .
Sewing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stationary engineers and boiler operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers. . .
Cutting workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers . . . . . . .
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians . . . . . .
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders . . . . . . .
Painting workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations 3. . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers . . . .
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parking lot attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service station attendants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators . . . . . . .
Industrial truck and tractor operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand . . . . .
Packers and packagers, hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refuse and recyclable material collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total
Black
1
Asian
1
Hispanic
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,764
268
115
1,234
367
213
781
719
635
269
152
66
121
104
96
5,069
1.8
1.9
0.2
3.2
1.0
1.1
2.1
5.8
0.9
1.3
4.0
0.8
5.3
12.4
2.7
4.6
5.2
3.9
9.6
8.9
5.2
6.9
6.5
7.6
8.7
8.2
4.0
3.4
8.9
8.5
10.6
7.6
0.8
1.1
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.4
1.2
2.1
1.0
0.2
0.9
3.9
0.7
2.7
0.3
3.0
21.8
35.6
44.0
38.1
11.1
49.6
13.6
36.2
17.3
39.4
12.8
9.8
36.0
11.8
14.8
14.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
327
369
235
68
135
169
936
325
7.1
12.0
13.6
3.3
3.4
2.4
1.3
0.6
7.6
11.8
14.7
6.9
6.2
4.7
6.1
6.2
0.4
6.7
4.1
3.1
2.6
2.1
5.0
1.0
9.3
9.5
10.7
19.1
15.5
20.5
19.0
12.2
...
205
0.3
6.5
2.7
12.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
351
434
300
120
142
1.5
3.7
4.1
1.1
4.8
5.3
7.3
8.6
13.2
12.4
2.1
2.6
2.1
1.4
4.2
13.1
10.1
17.0
11.9
16.7
.....
.....
17,954
9,462
23.0
30.4
13.9
11.9
3.8
5.3
19.2
20.0
.
.
.
.
.
921
226
188
304
85
20.1
54.9
45.6
19.6
52.5
9.6
12.0
13.0
12.1
8.7
4.4
17.6
6.6
4.1
6.3
11.6
21.1
28.4
44.3
20.5
.....
139
28.4
8.9
1.5
16.3
.....
.....
74
445
11.0
4.4
15.5
6.0
1.1
3.8
26.2
10.9
70
86
572
195
195
76
281
101
86
105
111
83
690
92
318
191
8,491
220
118
602
3,276
277
77
120
80
530
316
1,797
432
81
24.9
3.0
5.0
19.3
60.0
66.0
77.7
69.9
4.4
1.0
20.1
25.6
38.0
52.0
54.9
13.1
14.7
17.8
5.3
48.5
4.5
12.9
13.3
8.7
0.1
7.5
11.9
16.2
60.8
8.2
4.2
2.8
7.9
8.7
18.5
21.8
13.5
7.8
1.5
11.4
14.1
9.9
11.0
8.4
20.4
6.1
16.1
15.4
1.7
24.4
13.4
28.7
15.5
8.7
5.4
22.2
16.2
17.0
14.1
29.5
1.5
0.8
1.5
2.5
8.3
7.3
15.2
19.7
0.8
2.4
1.6
2.9
5.7
12.7
3.5
2.3
2.0
4.0
1.5
2.0
1.4
10.5
5.5
1.7
0.5
2.2
2.2
3.5
0.5
18.8
3.7
23.3
15.2
27.5
47.1
32.5
18.3
18.0
9.6
16.6
26.4
13.3
15.4
42.4
24.5
18.3
13.3
3.2
12.8
15.8
12.4
23.0
9.4
11.6
25.0
29.5
20.6
44.1
14.4
.
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.
- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 2 Persons of Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 3 Includes other occupations, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthy, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
404
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 605. Employed Civilians by Occupation: 2003
[In thousands (137,736 represents 137,736,000). Occupation classifications are those used in the 2000 census and are not comparable to those in other tables using 1990 census classifications. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Management,
professional, and
related
occupations
Management,
business,
and
financial
operaTotal
tions
State
Sales and office
occupations
Professional
and
related
occupations
Service
occupations
Sales
and
related
occupations
Natural resources,
construction, and
maintenance occupations
Office
Conand Farming, struction
adminisfishing,
and
trative
and
extracsupport forestry
tion
occupa- occupa- occupations
tions
tions
Production,
transportation, and
material moving
occupations
Installation,
maintenance,
and
repair
occupations
Production
occupations
Transportation
and
material
moving
occupations
Total .
AL . . . .
AK . . . .
AZ . . . .
AR . . . .
CA . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
137,736
2,023
305
2,539
1,186
16,283
19,934
267
40
393
160
2,407
27,995
389
64
500
198
3,424
22,086
292
51
416
170
2,579
15,960
212
27
361
135
1,968
19,536
288
45
350
161
2,375
1,050
(B)
6
(B)
(B)
231
8,114
123
23
164
61
879
5,041
82
14
93
53
536
9,700
217
12
134
128
1,013
8,320
135
23
117
101
873
CO.
CT .
DE .
DC .
FL .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,328
1,704
399
281
7,744
392
275
61
58
1,103
478
397
81
96
1,461
363
255
62
44
1,375
283
196
41
17
1,038
308
257
66
40
1,155
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
45
161
95
25
8
535
79
48
14
4
300
116
107
24
(B)
323
134
72
23
10
410
GA .
HI .
ID .
IL. .
IN .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,207
592
655
5,908
3,024
605
86
79
849
393
813
105
120
1,180
527
595
126
118
904
435
526
64
76
653
339
540
93
91
869
432
(B)
(B)
19
(B)
(B)
306
35
44
349
174
181
23
29
220
142
343
20
39
457
337
282
34
41
406
232
IA .
KS .
KY .
LA .
ME.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,540
1,357
1,836
1,904
658
225
214
245
214
81
296
273
353
379
129
231
212
301
348
115
164
142
196
217
74
228
189
255
261
88
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
11
66
79
88
141
41
53
55
74
88
29
157
102
172
127
51
98
79
134
116
39
MD.
MA.
MI .
MN.
MS.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,773
3,217
4,674
2,778
1,229
500
527
578
483
140
691
796
929
607
215
419
498
815
398
197
287
351
491
309
127
389
440
651
373
166
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
158
196
236
168
83
79
86
154
87
54
105
184
515
188
131
137
128
285
149
97
MO
MT .
NE .
NV .
NH .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,850
452
937
1,082
688
395
81
163
134
106
583
80
167
160
158
435
77
139
271
94
352
48
106
140
86
416
59
135
140
87
(B)
10
(B)
(B)
(B)
194
36
55
91
41
107
16
39
42
27
174
19
61
45
54
183
26
57
57
32
NJ .
NM.
NY .
NC .
ND .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,118
840
8,726
3,957
333
702
110
1,217
532
54
913
178
1,986
788
61
583
149
1,616
583
59
503
94
954
438
38
640
110
1,239
503
45
(B)
13
32
44
7
190
62
450
274
18
117
32
263
145
13
187
39
493
387
16
271
53
476
261
22
OH.
OK .
OR.
PA .
RI .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,552
1,600
1,707
5,826
543
758
241
237
824
69
1,052
305
318
1,267
112
970
245
287
863
103
650
170
214
630
61
791
229
245
876
75
(B)
(B)
35
(B)
(B)
271
106
83
283
26
198
77
56
215
16
468
111
120
460
48
381
98
113
380
29
SC .
SD .
TN .
TX .
UT .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,866
410
2,740
10,173
1,118
244
68
397
1,368
161
318
70
492
1,925
214
313
69
404
1,660
159
235
47
325
1,219
140
248
56
392
1,462
177
(B)
(B)
(B)
101
(B)
106
23
161
685
65
95
14
102
412
43
174
33
239
702
77
123
21
211
639
74
VT .
VA .
WA
WV
WI .
WY
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
335
3,620
2,903
739
2,905
266
53
609
448
78
422
39
78
856
631
140
525
44
53
520
453
128
451
40
33
410
323
86
306
29
41
475
400
106
394
35
(B)
(B)
40
(B)
(B)
(B)
23
214
169
54
159
26
14
140
109
38
111
15
23
199
165
46
313
12
14
182
164
60
195
23
B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 2003, August 2005. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/gps/>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
405
Table 606. Employment Projections by Occupation: 2002 and 2012
[In thousands (365 represents 365,000), except percent and rank. Estimates based on the Current Employment Statistics Program; the Occupational Employment Statistics Survey; and the Current Population Survey. See source for methodological assumptions. Occupations based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system]
Employment
(1,000)
Change
2002−2012
Occupation
2002
2012
(1,000)
Percent
..
365
579
215
59
3 Moderate-term on-the-job training
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
186
63
305
580
292
94
454
859
106
31
149
279
57
49
49
48
1
1
3
4
..
..
..
147
37
394
216
54
573
69
17
179
47
46
46
3 Associate’s degree
3 Short-term on-the-job training
1 Bachelor’s degree
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
281
50
183
110
53
38
148
8
266
608
409
73
264
159
76
54
212
12
379
854
128
22
81
49
23
16
64
4
113
246
45
45
44
44
44
43
43
43
42
40
1
2
3
1
3
2
1
3
3
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
200
468
18
47
1,581
281
653
26
65
2,184
80
184
7
18
603
40
39
39
38
38
2
1
2
1
1
....
251
345
94
37
1 Bachelor’s degree
....
28
38
10
37
2 Associate’s degree
....
424
577
153
36
....
284
387
103
36
4 Postsecondary vocational award
Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus
1 work experience
.
.
.
.
2,284
1,581
4,076
1,894
2,908
2,184
4,672
2,354
623
603
596
460
27
38
15
24
1
1
4
3
....
....
1,990
3,432
2,444
3,886
454
454
23
13
4 Short-term on-the-job training
4 Short-term on-the-job training
....
FASTEST GROWING
Medical assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network systems and data communications
analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social and human service assistants . . . . .
Home health aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical records and health information
technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapist aides . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer software engineers, applications .
Computer software engineers, systems
software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapist assistants . . . . . . . . . .
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors . .
Database administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinary technologists and technicians . .
Hazardous materials removal workers . . . .
Dental hygienists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapist aides . . . . . . . . . .
Dental assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and home care aides . . . . . . . . .
Self-enrichment education teachers. . . .
Computer systems analysts . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapist assistants . . . . .
Environmental engineers . . . . . . . . . . .
Postsecondary teachers . . . . . . . . . . .
Network and computer systems
administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental science and protection
technicians, including health. . . . . . . .
Preschool teachers, except special
education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information systems
managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LARGEST JOB GROWTH
Registered nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postsecondary teachers . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail salespersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer service representatives . . . . .
Combined food preparation and serving
workers, including fast food . . . . . . . .
Cashiers, except gaming . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners . . . . . . . . . . .
Quartile
rank by
2002
Most significant source of
median postsecondary education or training
annual
earn
ings 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
General and operations managers . . . . . .
Waiters and waitresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants . .
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer . . . .
Receptionists and information clerks . . . . .
Security guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office clerks, general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teacher assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and home care aides . . . . . . . . .
Truck drivers, light or delivery services . . .
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers .
Elementary school teachers, except special
education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance and repair workers, general . .
Accountants and auditors . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems analysts . . . . . . . . . . .
Secondary school teachers, except special
and vocational education . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer software engineers, applications .
.
.
.
.
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Bachelor’s degree
Associate’s degree
Postsecondary vocational award
Bachelor’s degree
Associate’s degree
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Associate’s degree
Short-term on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Work experience in a related
occupation
Bachelor’s degree
Associate’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Doctoral degree
Associate’s degree
Doctoral degree
Short-term on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
2,267
2,681
414
18
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,049
2,097
1,375
1,767
1,100
995
2,991
1,277
2,425
2,464
1,718
2,104
1,425
1,313
3,301
1,571
376
367
343
337
325
317
310
294
18
18
25
19
29
32
10
23
4 Short-term on-the-job training
Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus
1 work experience
4 Short-term on-the-job training
3 Short-term on-the-job training
2 Moderate-term on-the-job training
3 Short-term on-the-job training
4 Short-term on-the-job training
3 Short-term on-the-job training
4 Short-term on-the-job training
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,459
580
608
1,022
1,074
1,738
859
854
1,259
1,311
279
279
246
237
237
19
48
40
23
22
1
4
4
3
3
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,467
365
1,266
1,055
468
1,690
579
1,472
1,261
653
223
215
207
205
184
15
59
16
19
39
2
3
2
1
1
Bachelor’s degree
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
..
..
988
394
1,167
573
180
179
18
46
1 Bachelor’s degree
1 Bachelor’s degree
1
Quartile ranks based on the Occupational Employment Statistics annual earnings. 1 = very high ($41,820 and over), 2 = high
($27,500 to $41,780), 3 = low ($19,710 to $27,380), and 4 = very low (up to $19,600). The rankings were based on quartiles using
one-fourth of total employment to define each quartile. Earnings are for wage and salary workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational employment projections to 2012, Monthly Labor Review, February 2004.
See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/emp/home.htm>.
406
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 607. Occupations of the Employed by Selected Characteristics: 2004
[In thousands (119,622 represents 119,622,000). Annual averages of monthly figures. For civilian noninstitutional population
25 years old and over. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. See headnote, Table 593 regarding occupations]
Managerial,
profesTotal sional, and
employed
related
Sex, race, and educational attainment
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma . . .
High school graduates, no college . .
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . .
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . . .
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma .
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor’s degree . .
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
119,622
11,408
35,944
32,977
39,293
98,967
9,335
29,571
27,262
32,799
12,817
1,326
4,606
3,911
2,973
5,350
429
1,005
956
2,960
14,661
5,135
4,330
3,068
2,127
1
Includes other races, not shown separately.
of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
2
45,661
734
5,862
10,856
28,210
38,625
603
5,072
9,232
23,718
3,709
76
562
1,084
1,987
2,557
35
114
284
2,123
2,808
176
501
822
1,310
Service
Sales and
office
Natural
resources,
construction, and
maintenance
17,016
3,293
6,745
4,888
2,090
12,799
2,470
4,881
3,811
1,637
2,930
553
1,364
777
236
814
162
324
153
175
3,443
1,618
1,063
551
212
28,875
1,491
10,198
10,272
6,914
24,144
1,231
8,685
8,470
5,758
3,044
164
1,088
1,232
561
1,129
58
240
330
500
2,829
465
1,032
958
375
12,472
2,661
5,509
3,398
903
11,021
2,390
4,911
2,948
772
913
161
407
275
69
225
36
69
74
46
2,650
1,416
766
361
108
Production,
transportation, and
material
moving
15,598
3,229
7,631
3,562
1,175
12,377
2,639
6,023
2,800
914
2,221
372
1,185
544
120
625
137
257
115
116
2,930
1,462
968
377
122
3
For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577.
Persons
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, unpublished data.
Table 608. Employment by Industry: 2000 to 2004
[In thousands (136,891 represents 136,891,000), except percent. Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on the Current
Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. See also headnote Table 593 regarding industries]
2004, percent
Industry
Total employed . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries . . . .
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing .
Professional and business services . .
Professional and technical services.
Management, administrative, and
waste services . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. .
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health services, except hospitals
Social assistance . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .
Accommodation and food services .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services, except private
households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
2000
2002
136,891
2,464
475
9,931
19,644
12,519
7,125
4,216
15,763
7,380
6,096
1,284
4,059
1,546
9,374
6,641
2,734
13,649
8,266
136,485
2,311
502
9,981
17,233
10,833
6,400
4,144
15,663
7,244
5,971
1,273
3,691
1,444
9,565
6,749
2,816
14,015
8,408
1
2004,
total 1
Female
137,736
2,275
525
10,138
16,902
10,520
6,382
4,486
16,220
6,950
5,758
1,193
3,687
1,421
9,748
6,834
2,914
13,879
8,243
139,252
2,232
539
10,768
16,484
10,329
6,155
4,600
16,269
7,013
5,844
1,168
3,463
1,273
9,969
6,940
3,029
14,108
8,386
46.5
24.4
10.2
9.7
30.3
26.4
36.9
29.5
48.8
23.8
23.9
23.6
43.3
40.8
55.9
59.8
47.0
42.8
44.7
2003
Black
2
10.7
2.4
4.8
5.9
9.4
8.2
11.6
7.4
10.0
15.5
16.7
9.5
10.8
15.0
9.9
10.6
8.2
8.8
5.6
1
2
Hispanic 3
4.3
1.0
0.8
1.3
5.1
5.4
4.6
4.3
4.2
3.4
3.7
1.8
4.4
5.3
4.3
4.9
3.0
5.1
6.9
12.9
19.6
11.3
21.4
14.3
11.8
18.6
13.3
12.0
12.4
13.4
7.0
9.2
9.3
9.2
7.8
12.3
13.1
6.1
Asian
5,383
5,607
5,636
5,722
40.1
13.5
2.6
23.3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
26,188
11,255
14,933
5,202
7,009
2,722
11,186
2,539
8,647
6,450
27,624
11,724
15,900
5,330
7,738
2,832
11,541
2,639
8,902
6,665
28,260
11,826
16,434
5,652
7,964
2,818
11,607
2,587
9,021
6,815
28,719
12,058
16,661
5,700
8,118
2,844
11,820
2,690
9,131
6,903
74.9
68.9
79.2
76.6
78.6
85.8
51.1
45.7
52.7
51.8
13.8
10.7
16.1
15.4
15.4
19.7
10.6
8.9
11.1
10.6
4.4
3.6
4.9
6.4
4.7
2.5
6.0
3.4
6.7
5.6
9.1
8.2
9.8
8.3
9.4
13.6
17.6
10.8
19.6
15.0
..
..
..
5,731
718
6,113
5,908
757
6,307
6,050
764
6,243
6,124
779
6,365
46.6
92.2
45.7
10.3
13.3
16.3
5.9
2.9
3.4
12.9
31.4
8.3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
See footnote 2, Table 576. 2 Persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 3 Persons of Hispanic or Latino
origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
407
Table 609. Employment Projections by Industry: 2002 to 2012
[15,047.2 represents 15,047,200. Estimates based on the Current Employment Statistics estimates. See source for methodological assumptions. Minus sign (-) indicates decline]
Employment (1,000)
Industry
2002
NAICS code
1
2002
2012
Change,
2002-2012
(1,000)
15,047.2
3,248.8
9,876.0
8,411.7
3,189.9
6,731.7
2,650.6
17,129.2
5,012.3
11,606.0
9,749.0
4,418.8
7,745.4
3,409.8
2,082.0
1,763.5
1,730.0
1,337.3
1,228.9
1,013.7
759.2
Average
annual rate
of change
2002-2012
1.3
4.4
1.6
1.5
3.3
1.4
2.6
LARGEST GROWTH
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local government education . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of health practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services except offices of
health practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
44-45
5613
(X)
722
6211-3
23
61
. . . 6214-6,6219
State and local general government, n.e.c. 2 . . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related services . . .
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual, family, community, and vocational
rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing care and residential mental health facilities.
Truck transportation and couriers and messengers .
Business support and investigation and security
services and support services, n.e.c. 2 . . . . . . . .
Religious, grantmaking and giving services, and
social advocacy organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries . .
1,443.6
2,113.4
669.8
3.9
(X)
42
5415
622
6,838.4
5,641.1
1,162.7
4,153.1
7,508.1
6,279.3
1,797.7
4,785.0
669.7
638.2
635.0
631.9
0.9
1.1
4.5
1.4
. . 6241-3
. . 6231-2
. . 484,492
1,269.3
2,047.8
1,897.1
1,866.6
2,607.1
2,404.3
597.3
559.3
507.2
3.9
2.4
2.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . 5614,5616,5619
1,772.3
2,260.8
488.5
2.5
. . 8131-3
. . 713
1,944.2
1,307.6
2,372.0
1,717.3
427.8
409.7
2.0
2.8
MOST RAPID GROWTH
Software publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community care facilities for the elderly and
residential care facilities, n.e.c. 2 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related services .
Employment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual, family, community, and vocational
rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services except offices
of health practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water, sewage, and other systems. . . . . . . . . .
Internet services, data processing, and other
information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 5112
256.0
429.7
173.7
5.3
. . . . 5416
731.8
1,137.4
405.6
4.5
. . . . 6233,6239
. . . . 5415
. . . . 5613
695.3
1,162.7
3,248.8
1,077.6
1,797.7
5,012.3
382.3
635.0
1,763.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
. . . . 6241-3
1,269.3
1,866.6
597.3
3.9
. . . . 6214-6,6219
. . . . 2213
1,443.6
48.5
2,113.4
71.0
669.8
22.5
3.9
3.9
. . . . 516,518,519
528.8
773.1
244.3
3.9
734.2
1,050.3
316.1
3.6
. . 5324
. . 6211-3
. . 5322,5323
102.2
3,189.9
352.9
142.8
4,418.8
484.2
40.6
1,228.9
131.3
3.4
3.3
3.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5152,5175
713
485
5414
5611,2
220.9
1,307.6
371.5
122.9
390.3
299.8
1,717.3
487.7
160.8
507.6
78.9
409.7
116.2
37.9
117.3
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3152
3151
3133
3161
313
3169
3132
281.8
49.6
82.4
8.6
293.2
19.9
146.6
77.1
20.0
40.1
4.5
156.9
10.8
79.6
-204.7
-29.6
-42.3
-4.1
-136.3
-9.1
-67.0
-12.2
-8.7
-6.9
-6.3
-6.1
-5.9
-5.9
. . . 3159
. . . 3131
. . . 3122
26.2
64.2
33.2
15.1
37.2
20.2
-11.1
-27.0
-13.0
-5.4
-5.3
-4.8
29.4
51.9
74.9
18.0
32.4
52.3
-11.4
-19.5
-22.6
-4.8
-4.6
-3.5
112.4
107.1
122.5
249.8
67.6
79.4
76.0
88.4
182.1
50.4
-33.0
-31.1
-34.1
-67.7
-17.2
-3.4
-3.4
-3.2
-3.1
-2.9
Child day care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and industrial machinery and
equipment rental and leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of health practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumer goods rental and general rental centers .
Cable and other subscription programming and
program distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries . .
Transit and ground passenger transportation . . . . .
Specialized design services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office administrative and facilities support services .
. . 6244
MOST RAPID DECLINE
Cut and sew apparel manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel knitting mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills
Leather and hide tanning and finishing . . . . . . . .
Textile mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other leather and allied product manufacturing . .
Fabric mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel accessories and other apparel
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tobacco manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal Government enterprises, n.e.c. 2 . . . . . . .
Coal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other chemical product and preparation
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing . .
Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing.
Forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping . . . . . . . . .
. . 2122
. . (X)
. . 2121
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3259
3311
211
3341
1131-2,114
X Not applicable. 1 Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002; see text, this section.
means not elsewhere classified.
2
N.e.c.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Industry output and employment projections to 2012’’ Monthly Labor Review,
February 2004. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/emp/home.htm>.
408
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 610. Unemployed Workers—Summary: 1980 to 2004
[In thousands (7,637 represents 7,637,000), except as indicated. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over.
Annual averages of monthly figures. For data on unemployment insurance, see Table 548]
Age, sex, race, Hispanic origin
UNEMPLOYED
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 3, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full-time workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (percent) 6
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 3, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Experienced workers 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women maintaining families . . . . . . . . . .
Married men, wife present . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent without work for—
Fewer than 5 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 10 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11 to 14 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment duration, average (weeks).
1
1995
8,312
1,468
1,738
3,681
1,331
93
4,521
806
944
1,950
766
55
3,791
661
794
1,732
566
39
6,191
1,074
1,235
1,864
357
455
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
811
141
171
6,793
1,519
7,047
1,212
1,299
3,323
1,109
105
3,906
667
715
1,803
662
59
3,140
544
584
1,519
447
46
5,186
903
899
1,565
268
349
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
876
161
167
5,677
1,369
7.1
17.8
11.5
6.0
3.7
3.1
6.9
18.3
12.5
5.6
3.5
3.1
7.4
17.2
10.4
6.4
4.0
3.1
6.3
15.5
9.9
14.3
38.5
23.6
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10.1
22.5
12.1
6.9
9.2
4.2
7.2
18.6
11.1
6.2
4.5
3.2
7.0
19.5
11.4
5.9
4.5
3.1
7.4
17.6
10.7
6.6
4.6
3.3
6.2
15.7
9.2
15.1
40.2
24.5
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10.5
24.3
12.6
6.8
10.4
4.3
43.2
23.4
9.0
13.8
10.7
11.9
42.1
22.2
8.0
12.3
15.4
15.6
1980
1985
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7,637
1,669
1,835
2,964
1,075
94
4,267
913
1,076
1,619
600
58
3,370
755
760
1,345
473
36
5,884
1,291
1,364
1,553
343
426
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
620
145
138
6,269
1,369
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2002
7,404
1,346
1,244
3,390
1,269
153
3,983
744
673
1,776
697
94
3,421
602
571
1,615
574
60
5,459
952
866
1,538
325
311
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,140
205
209
5,909
1,495
5,692
1,081
1,022
2,340
1,117
132
2,975
599
547
1,159
587
83
2,717
483
475
1,181
529
50
4,121
795
682
1,241
230
281
227
40
41
954
194
190
4,538
1,154
8,378
1,253
1,430
3,581
1,950
163
4,597
700
792
1,920
1,098
87
3,781
553
638
1,661
854
76
6,137
925
977
1,693
260
365
389
41
63
1,353
221
265
7,063
1,314
8,774
1,251
1,495
3,775
2,069
183
4,906
697
841
2,085
1,176
107
3,868
554
654
1,690
894
76
6,311
909
1,012
1,787
255
375
366
31
47
1,441
192
273
7,361
1,413
8,149
1,208
1,431
3,362
1,970
179
4,456
664
811
1,819
1,057
104
3,694
543
619
1,543
914
75
5,847
890
959
1,729
241
353
277
20
46
1,342
203
255
6,762
1,388
5.6
15.5
8.8
4.9
3.5
3.0
5.7
16.3
9.1
4.8
3.7
3.0
5.5
14.7
8.5
4.9
3.2
3.1
4.8
13.5
7.3
11.4
30.9
19.9
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
8.2
19.5
9.1
5.3
8.3
3.4
5.6
17.3
9.1
4.8
3.4
4.0
5.6
18.4
9.2
4.7
3.5
4.3
5.6
16.1
9.0
5.0
3.3
3.7
4.9
14.5
7.7
10.4
35.7
17.7
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
9.3
24.1
11.5
5.4
8.0
3.3
4.0
13.1
7.2
3.3
2.5
3.1
3.9
14.0
7.3
3.1
2.4
3.3
4.1
12.1
7.1
3.6
2.5
2.7
3.5
11.4
5.9
7.6
24.5
15.0
3.6
14.2
6.9
5.7
16.6
7.5
3.8
5.9
2.0
5.8
16.5
9.7
5.2
4.0
3.7
5.9
18.1
10.2
5.1
4.2
3.4
5.6
14.9
9.1
5.2
3.7
3.9
5.1
14.5
8.1
10.2
29.8
19.1
5.9
16.2
10.2
7.5
20.1
9.9
5.7
8.0
3.6
6.0
17.5
10.0
5.5
4.1
3.8
6.3
19.3
10.6
5.6
4.4
4.0
5.7
15.6
9.3
5.4
3.7
3.6
5.2
15.2
8.4
10.8
33.0
19.8
6.0
17.5
9.0
7.7
20.0
10.2
5.8
8.5
3.8
5.5
17.0
9.4
4.9
3.8
3.6
5.6
18.4
10.1
4.9
3.9
3.7
5.4
15.5
8.7
5.0
3.7
3.4
4.8
15.0
7.9
10.4
31.7
18.4
4.4
11.5
8.6
7.0
20.4
9.3
5.3
8.0
3.1
46.3
23.5
8.5
11.7
10.0
12.0
36.5
22.0
9.6
14.6
17.3
16.6
44.9
23.0
8.9
11.8
11.4
12.6
34.5
20.7
10.1
16.3
18.3
16.6
31.7
19.8
10.0
16.4
22.1
19.2
33.1
19.6
9.7
15.9
21.8
19.6
1990
2000
2003
1
2004
1
NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 576. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 Includes other ages, not
shown separately. Also beginning 2003, for this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Prior to 2003, includes Pacific
5
6
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race.
Unemployed as percent of civilian labor force in
Islanders.
specified group. 7 Wage and salary workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue; and unpublished data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
409
Table 611. Unemployed Jobseekers Job Search Activities: 2004
[8,149 represents 8,149,000. For the civilian non-institutional population 16 years old and over. Annual average of monthly
data. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; see text, Section 1 and Appendix III]
Population
(1,000)
Jobseekers jobsearch methods (percent)
Characteristic
Total
unemployed
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years old . . .
20 to 24 years old . . .
25 to 34 years old . . .
35 to 44 years old . . .
45 to 54 years old . . .
55 to 64 years old . . .
65 years old and over .
2
Total
job- Employer
seekers 1 directly
Sent
out a
resume
or filled
out
applications
Placed
or Friends
answeror
ed ads relatives
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
Average
number
of
methods
used
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8,149
1,208
1,431
1,784
1,578
1,288
682
179
7,151
1,149
1,313
1,542
1,348
1,097
562
139
62.7
60.4
64.1
63.1
64.1
62.9
61.2
55.4
54.5
60.4
55.2
53.8
54.1
53.7
49.6
39.1
16.4
10.7
14.8
16.8
19.2
19.9
18.2
14.5
18.0
12.6
15.9
17.8
20.5
21.7
21.2
20.0
19.9
8.1
18.0
22.5
24.0
25.4
23.3
11.7
7.7
2.5
6.0
8.8
9.0
10.7
10.7
5.6
1.92
1.61
1.85
1.95
2.04
2.10
2.00
1.58
.............
to 19 years old . . .
to 24 years old . . .
to 34 years old . . .
to 44 years old . . .
to 54 years old . . .
to 64 years old . . .
years old and over
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,456
664
811
980
839
684
373
104
3,807
628
726
810
693
567
301
81
63.9
59.6
64.4
65.1
67.0
64.4
61.9
56.4
52.4
60.0
53.4
50.7
50.1
52.1
48.5
37.6
15.9
9.3
13.4
16.8
19.4
19.7
19.1
11.3
19.5
14.1
17.8
19.3
22.3
22.7
22.5
19.1
20.0
8.5
17.2
22.1
24.8
26.2
25.0
11.7
8.2
2.8
6.6
9.0
9.8
11.9
11.4
5.4
1.93
1.61
1.84
1.97
2.09
2.14
2.07
1.56
Female . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . .
20 to 24 years old . . .
25 to 34 years old . . .
35 to 44 years old . . .
45 to 54 years old . . .
55 to 64 years old . . .
65 years old and over
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,694
543
619
804
739
605
309
75
3,344
520
587
732
655
529
261
59
61.4
61.4
63.6
60.8
61.0
61.3
60.4
54.0
57.0
60.9
57.5
57.2
58.4
55.4
50.9
41.3
17.1
12.4
16.4
16.8
18.9
20.2
17.2
18.9
16.4
10.9
13.6
16.0
18.7
20.6
19.7
21.4
19.8
7.6
18.9
23.0
23.2
24.5
21.3
11.7
7.1
2.2
5.4
8.5
8.1
9.4
9.9
5.8
1.90
1.61
1.87
1.94
2.00
2.05
1.93
1.62
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,847
3,282
2,565
5,029
2,742
2,287
62.6
64.0
60.9
55.0
52.4
58.0
17.4
17.0
17.8
18.1
19.5
16.3
18.4
19.1
17.6
7.5
8.2
6.6
1.92
1.94
1.89
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,729
860
868
1,599
784
815
63.4
64.1
62.8
52.9
51.0
54.7
14.5
13.2
15.8
17.0
17.6
16.4
25.5
23.8
27.0
7.6
7.2
8.0
1.91
1.87
1.94
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .
277
153
124
258
142
115
62.2
63.6
60.4
51.6
53.6
49.1
14.5
14.6
14.4
26.1
29.1
22.4
16.4
17.3
15.3
11.9
14.6
8.7
1.98
2.08
1.85
Hispanic 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,342
755
587
1,142
619
524
63.2
66.1
59.7
46.3
42.7
50.6
12.5
12.6
12.4
21.9
23.3
20.1
19.7
19.9
19.5
6.9
7.4
6.3
1.80
1.82
1.76
Male
16
20
25
35
45
55
65
1
Excludes persons on temporary layoff. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately.
footnote 3, Table 577. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race.
3
Data for this race group only. See
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 612. Unemployed Persons by Sex and Reason: 1980 to 2004
[In thousands (4,267 represents 4,267,000). For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages
of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix III]
Sex and reason
Male, total .
Job losers 2. .
Job leavers . .
Reentrants . .
New entrants .
1980
1985
1990
1
1995
1997
1
1998
1
1999
1
2000
1
2001
2002
2003
1
2004
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,267
2,649
438
776
405
4,521
2,749
409
876
487
3,906
2,257
528
806
315
3,983
2,190
407
1,113
273
3,577
1,902
414
1,004
257
3,266
1,703
368
931
264
3,066
1,563
389
895
219
2,975
1,516
387
854
217
3,690
2,119
422
925
223
4,597
2,820
434
1,068
274
4,906
3,024
422
1,141
320
4,456
2,603
437
1,070
346
Female, total
Job losers 2. . .
Job leavers . . .
Reentrants . . .
New entrants . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,370
1,297
453
1,152
468
3,791
1,390
468
1,380
552
3,140
1,130
513
1,124
373
3,421
1,286
417
1,412
306
3,162
1,135
381
1,334
312
2,944
1,119
366
1,201
257
2,814
1,059
394
1,111
250
2,717
1,001
393
1,107
217
3,111
1,356
413
1,105
237
3,781
1,787
432
1,300
262
3,868
1,814
397
1,336
321
3,694
1,595
421
1,338
340
1
See footnote 2, Table 576.
included as job losers.
2
Beginning 1995, persons who completed temporary jobs are identified separately and are
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January issues; Bulletin 2307; and unpublished
data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
410
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 613. Unemployment Rates by Industry, 2000 to 2004, and by Sex,
2000 and 2004
[In percent. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures. Rate represents unemployment as a percent of labor force in each specified group. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. See headnote, Table 593 regarding industries]
Male
Industry
All unemployed 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industry: 3
Agriculture and related industries . . . . . .
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing . . . . .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . .
Professional and business services . . . . .
Professional and technical services . . .
Management, administrative, and waste
Education and health services . . . . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance . . . .
Leisure and hospitality . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . .
Other services 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000
2002 2003
1
2004
1
Female
2000 2004
1
2000
2004
1
.........
4.0
5.8
6.0
5.5
3.9
5.6
4.1
5.4
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
services
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
9.0
4.4
6.2
3.5
3.3
4.6
3.4
3.8
1.9
3.2
2.3
2.4
2.2
3.1
4.8
2.5
8.1
2.5
2.4
2.5
6.6
5.9
6.8
3.9
2.1
10.1
6.3
9.2
6.7
5.0
6.4
4.9
5.4
2.5
6.9
7.9
3.5
3.3
4.3
7.9
5.5
11.2
3.4
3.9
3.2
8.4
8.2
8.4
5.1
2.5
10.2
6.7
9.3
6.6
5.1
6.3
5.3
5.7
3.1
6.8
7.5
3.5
3.3
4.1
8.2
5.4
12.1
3.6
4.5
3.4
8.7
7.8
8.9
5.7
2.8
9.9
3.9
8.4
5.7
4.6
6.1
4.4
4.9
1.9
5.7
6.0
3.6
3.4
4.1
6.8
4.1
10.6
3.4
3.7
3.4
8.3
7.2
8.6
5.3
2.7
8.3
4.6
6.4
3.0
2.8
4.0
3.2
1.9
2.8
2.7
1.5
2.1
1.7
2.9
4.4
2.2
7.6
2.2
2.1
2.3
6.2
6.1
6.2
3.7
2.1
9.5
3.9
8.5
5.2
4.0
5.6
4.3
4.8
1.6
5.4
5.5
3.6
3.3
4.4
6.6
3.8
10.1
3.1
3.4
3.0
8.0
7.5
8.2
5.3
2.9
11.5
2.8
5.1
4.5
4.4
5.1
4.2
4.6
2.1
3.7
3.3
2.6
2.5
3.2
5.2
2.9
8.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
7.0
5.7
7.3
4.0
2.2
11.2
4.4
7.1
6.8
5.9
6.6
5.0
5.4
3.0
6.0
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.7
7.1
4.4
11.3
3.5
3.9
3.4
8.6
6.9
8.9
5.3
2.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
See footnote 2, Table 576.
Includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and persons with no previous work
experience, not shown separately. 3 Covers unemployed wage and salary workers. 4 Includes private household workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue; and unpublished data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 614. Unemployment by Occupation, 2000 to 2004, and by Sex, 2004
[5,692 represents 5,692,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly data. Rate
represents unemployment as a percent of the labor force for each specified group. Based on Current Population Survey; see text,
Section 1, and Appendix III. See also headnote, Table 593 regarding occupations]
Number (1,000)
Unemployment rate
2004
Occupation
2000
Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, professional, and related occupations.
Management, business, and financial operations .
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business and financial operations . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . .
Computer and mathematical . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture and engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life, physical, and social science . . . . . . . . . .
Community and social services . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education, training, and library . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .
Healthcare practitioner and technical . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and serving related . . . . . . . . .
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .
Personal care and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving. . . .
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,692
827
320
214
106
507
74
51
18
40
18
136
97
73
1,132
101
70
469
301
190
1,446
673
773
758
133
507
119
1,081
575
505
2003
1
8,774
1,556
627
430
198
929
181
124
48
57
35
225
171
88
1,681
171
129
683
447
250
2,070
995
1,076
1,244
136
814
295
1,555
807
748
1
2000
8,149
1,346
544
369
175
801
136
80
35
65
31
207
157
90
1,617
169
113
656
421
257
1,937
912
1,025
1,140
132
786
222
1,393
714
679
4.0
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.9
2.2
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.2
1.8
3.5
1.2
5.2
4.0
2.7
6.6
5.8
4.4
3.8
4.1
3.6
5.3
10.2
6.2
2.4
5.1
4.8
5.6
2004
1
1
Total
Male Female
6.0
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.5
3.2
5.5
4.4
3.3
2.5
2.3
2.8
6.0
1.3
7.1
5.5
4.5
8.6
8.3
5.6
5.5
5.9
5.2
8.1
11.4
9.1
5.5
7.9
7.7
8.2
5.5
2.7
2.6
2.5
3.0
2.8
4.2
2.8
2.5
2.9
1.9
2.5
5.5
1.3
6.6
5.5
3.8
8.3
7.5
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.0
7.3
11.8
8.4
4.2
7.2
7.0
7.4
5.6
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.7
3.0
4.0
2.7
2.6
2.7
1.5
2.6
5.6
1.1
6.7
5.4
3.6
8.5
7.6
5.3
5.0
4.2
6.4
7.0
10.1
8.3
4.2
6.5
5.9
7.0
2003
5.4
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.2
2.6
4.5
3.4
2.4
3.1
2.4
2.5
5.5
1.4
6.6
5.5
4.6
8.1
7.3
5.5
5.3
6.6
4.6
11.6
17.6
12.2
4.9
9.4
9.4
9.5
1
See footnote 2, Table 576. 2 Includes persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue; and unpublished data. See
Internet site<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
411
Table 615. Unemployed and Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment,
Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1992 to 2004
[6,543 represents 6,543,000. Annual averages of monthly figures. For the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years old and
over. See Table 580 for civilian labor force and participation rate data. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1,
and Appendix III]
Year, sex, and
race
Total: 2
1992 .
2000 3
2004 3
Male:
1992 . . .
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
Female:
1992 . . .
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
White: 4
1992 . . .
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
Black: 4
1992 . . .
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
Asian: 4 5
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
Hispanic: 6
1992 . . .
2000 3 . .
2004 3 . .
1
Unemployed (1,000)
Unemployment rate
High
school
graduates, no
degree
Less
than a
bachelor’s
degree
College
graduate
High
school
graduate,
no
degree
Less
than a
bachelor’s
degree
College
graduate
Less
than high
school
Total diploma
Less
than high
school
Total diploma
..
..
..
6,543
3,589
5,511
1,533
791
1,062
2,590
1,298
1,890
1,527
890
1,462
893
610
1,098
6.1
3.0
4.4
11.5
6.3
8.5
6.8
3.4
5.0
5.6
2.7
4.2
3.2
1.7
2.7
..
..
..
3,767
1,829
2,980
942
411
602
1,462
682
1,049
829
427
732
533
309
597
6.4
2.8
4.4
11.4
5.4
7.6
7.4
3.4
5.1
5.9
2.6
4.3
3.3
1.5
2.7
..
..
..
2,776
1,760
2,531
591
380
460
1,128
616
841
697
463
730
361
301
500
5.8
3.2
4.4
11.5
7.8
10.0
6.3
3.5
4.9
5.4
2.8
4.2
3.0
1.8
2.7
..
..
..
4,978
2,644
3,998
1,145
564
752
1,928
924
1,354
1,162
667
1,038
743
489
854
5.5
2.6
3.9
10.7
5.6
7.5
6.0
2.9
4.4
5.0
2.4
3.7
3.0
1.6
2.5
..
..
..
1,269
731
1,134
322
179
243
565
315
438
301
169
321
81
68
133
11.0
5.4
8.1
15.3
10.7
15.5
12.3
6.4
8.7
9.8
4.0
7.6
4.4
2.5
4.3
..
..
146
211
28
27
34
47
35
48
49
89
2.7
3.8
5.7
5.9
3.0
4.5
3.2
4.8
1.8
2.9
..
..
..
853
569
884
434
297
417
235
150
236
134
85
154
50
38
77
9.8
4.4
5.7
12.8
6.2
7.5
9.1
3.9
5.2
7.7
3.2
4.8
5.0
2.2
3.5
1
Percent unemployed of the civilian labor force. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 See footnote 2, Table
576. 4 2004 data are for persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 5 2000 data include Pacific Islanders.
6
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 616. Unemployed Persons by Reason of Unemployment: 2004
[8,149 represents 8,149,000. Annual averages of monthly data. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and
Appendix III]
Percent distribution by duration
Age, sex, and reason
Total
unemployed
(1,000)
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
or longer
15 weeks and over
Total 16 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total 20 years old and over . . . . . . . . .
Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs.
Job leavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8,149
1,208
6,941
3,791
33.1
44.6
31.1
31.1
29.2
32.1
28.7
28.0
37.7
23.4
40.2
40.9
15.9
11.6
16.6
16.2
21.8
11.8
23.6
24.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,503
613
1,890
1,366
524
398
791
99
31.9
49.5
26.3
23.2
34.3
35.6
27.4
21.3
28.1
31.7
27.0
25.7
30.4
29.6
26.5
30.5
39.9
18.8
46.7
51.1
35.4
34.8
46.1
48.2
16.6
12.1
18.1
18.5
17.0
14.8
15.7
13.3
23.3
6.7
28.6
32.6
18.4
20.0
30.4
34.9
Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs.
Job leavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
3,150
31.1
29.6
39.3
17.1
22.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,529
326
1,202
949
253
384
1,107
131
31.0
55.4
24.4
22.1
33.0
38.0
29.5
24.4
29.2
32.0
28.4
27.8
30.7
30.8
29.3
33.1
39.8
12.6
47.1
50.0
36.3
31.3
41.2
42.5
17.7
7.7
20.4
21.2
17.5
16.8
16.6
16.0
22.0
4.8
26.7
28.8
18.7
14.4
24.6
26.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 2005 issue. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps
/home.htm>.
412
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 617. Total Unemployed and Insured Unemployed by State: 1980 to 2004
[7,637 represents 7,637,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures.
Total unemployment estimates based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. U.S. totals derived
by independent population controls; therefore state data may not add to U.S. totals]
Total unemployed
Number
(1,000)
State
1980 1990
United States . . .
Alabama . . .
Alaska . . . .
Arizona. . . .
Arkansas . .
California . .
Colorado. . .
Connecticut .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
Insured unemployed
Percent
2000
2
2004
2
1980 1990
2
Number
(1,000)
1
2000
2
2004
2
Percent
2000
5
3
2003
5
2000
5
4
2003
5
7,637
7,047
5,692
8,149
7.1
5.6
4.0
5.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
147
18
83
76
790
88
94
130
19
99
78
874
89
95
97
21
98
55
835
65
40
126
25
141
77
1,084
137
88
8.8
9.7
6.7
7.6
6.8
5.9
5.9
6.9
7.0
5.5
7.0
5.8
5.0
5.2
4.5
6.7
4.0
4.4
4.9
2.8
2.2
5.8
7.5
5.1
5.9
6.2
5.4
4.9
29.0
12.3
20.5
23.9
338.5
15.0
28.3
39.1
14.3
47.6
34.9
531.9
41.3
53.3
1.6
4.9
1.0
2.2
2.4
0.7
1.7
2.2
5.3
2.2
3.2
3.6
2.0
3.3
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,110
3,531
1.7
2.8
Delaware . . .
District
of Columbia .
Florida . . . . .
Georgia . . . .
Hawaii . . . . .
Idaho . . . . . .
Illinois . . . . .
22
19
16
17
7.7
5.2
3.9
3.9
5.9
9.8
1.5
2.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24
251
163
21
34
459
22
390
182
16
29
369
18
281
156
25
32
281
25
390
205
21
37
389
7.3
5.9
6.4
4.9
7.9
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.5
2.9
5.9
6.2
5.7
3.6
3.7
4.3
4.9
4.3
8.2
4.6
4.7
3.4
5.3
6.1
5.7
70.8
34.5
8.4
12.1
103.8
7.3
120.0
70.0
10.4
19.4
182.8
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.7
2.3
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
3.5
3.2
Indiana . .
Iowa . . .
Kansas. .
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine. . .
Maryland
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
252
82
53
133
121
39
140
149
62
57
104
117
33
122
100
41
52
81
111
24
107
167
75
82
103
124
32
121
9.6
5.8
4.5
8.0
6.7
7.8
6.5
5.3
4.3
4.5
5.9
6.3
5.2
4.7
3.2
2.6
3.7
4.1
5.4
3.5
3.8
5.3
4.6
5.5
5.2
6.0
4.7
4.2
31.8
19.4
15.6
25.4
24.0
8.9
28.9
65.1
31.6
30.9
39.6
36.6
13.1
48.3
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
0.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.1
Massachusetts.
Michigan. . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
Mississippi . . .
Missouri . . . . .
Montana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
162
534
125
79
167
23
31
195
350
117
90
151
24
18
88
183
91
74
102
24
28
172
356
140
83
173
24
37
5.6
12.4
5.9
7.5
7.2
6.1
4.1
6.0
7.6
4.9
7.6
5.8
6.0
2.2
2.6
3.5
3.3
5.6
3.4
5.0
3.0
5.1
7.0
4.8
6.2
5.7
4.9
3.8
60.1
81.6
31.4
19.7
41.8
7.8
7.3
107.8
155.0
60.7
26.4
68.5
9.9
14.4
1.9
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.6
2.2
0.9
3.4
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.6
1.7
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire .
New Jersey . . . .
New Mexico . . .
New York . . . . .
North Carolina . .
North Dakota . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
27
22
260
42
597
187
15
33
36
206
46
467
144
13
42
19
160
42
419
150
11
50
27
210
51
548
227
12
6.2
4.7
7.2
7.5
7.5
6.6
5.0
4.9
5.7
5.1
6.5
5.3
4.2
4.0
4.0
2.8
3.7
5.0
4.6
3.6
3.0
4.2
3.7
4.8
5.6
5.8
5.4
3.4
19.5
3.1
84.8
9.5
146.2
54.3
3.9
27.8
9.5
132.5
14.8
240.1
105.2
4.5
2.0
0.5
2.3
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.3
2.7
1.6
3.5
2.1
3.0
2.9
1.5
Ohio . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon. . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina.
South Dakota .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
426
66
107
425
34
96
16
310
86
83
315
35
83
13
233
51
88
251
22
75
9
370
84
140
350
30
142
16
8.4
4.8
8.3
7.8
7.2
6.9
4.9
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.4
6.8
4.8
3.9
4.0
3.1
4.9
4.1
4.1
3.8
2.3
6.3
4.9
7.6
5.6
5.4
6.9
3.7
71.6
12.2
41.2
132.4
12.2
27.1
2.0
128.9
28.4
68.5
215.5
14.4
48.6
3.5
1.3
0.9
2.7
2.5
2.7
1.5
0.6
2.5
2.0
4.4
4.0
3.2
2.8
1.0
Tennessee . .
Texas . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . .
Vermont . . . .
Virginia. . . . .
Washington . .
West Virginia .
Wisconsin . . .
Wyoming . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
152
352
40
16
128
156
74
167
9
126
544
35
15
141
125
64
114
13
110
441
37
10
79
159
45
105
10
147
657
64
13
147
202
42
155
11
7.3
5.2
6.3
6.4
5.0
7.9
9.4
7.2
4.0
5.3
6.3
4.3
5.0
4.3
4.9
8.4
4.4
5.5
3.9
4.2
3.3
2.9
2.2
5.2
5.5
3.6
3.9
5.1
6.0
5.3
3.7
3.9
6.2
5.3
5.0
3.8
42.2
107.9
10.5
4.8
22.2
70.6
14.1
53.1
2.9
58.0
198.7
18.3
8.4
50.2
102.5
19.1
91.5
4.1
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.7
0.7
2.7
2.1
2.0
1.3
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.9
1.5
4.0
2.9
3.4
1.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Total unemployment as percent of civilian labor force. 2 See footnote 2, Table 576. 3 Source: U.S. Employment and
Training Administration, Unemployment Insurance, Financial Handbook, annual updates. 4 Insured unemployment as percent of
average covered employment in the previous year. 5 Includes 49,800 in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 2000; and 47,500
in 2003.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/gps/>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
413
414
Table 618. Nonfarm Establishments—Employees, Hours, and Earnings by Industry: 1990 to 2004
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Labor Force, Employment, Earnings
[Annual averages of monthly data. (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Based on data from establishment reports. Includes all full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay
period reported. Excludes proprietors, the self-employed, farm workers, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and Armed Forces. Establishment data shown here conform to industry definitions in the 2002
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and are adjusted to March 2004 employment benchmarks. Based on the Current Employment Statistics Program; see source and Appendix III]
Private industry
EMPLOYEES
(1,000)
1990 . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . .
WEEKLY
EARNINGS 2
(dol.)
1990 . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . .
WEEKLY
HOURS 2
1990 . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . .
HOURLY
EARNINGS 2
(dol.)
1990 . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . .
2004 . . . . . . .
Information
Finance
and
insurance
Real
estate
and
rental
and
leasing
Professional
and
technical
services
Administrative
and
waste
services
Arts,
Health entertainAccomcare and
ment,
modaEducasocial
and tions and
tional
insurrecrefood
services
ance
ation services
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Transportation
and
warehousing
17,695
17,241
17,263
16,441
15,259
14,510
14,329
5,268
5,433
5,933
5,773
5,652
5,608
5,655
13,182
13,897
15,280
15,239
15,025
14,917
15,035
3,476
3,838
4,410
4,372
4,224
4,185
4,250
740
666
601
599
596
577
570
2,688
2,843
3,631
3,629
3,395
3,188
3,138
4,979
5,072
5,680
5,773
5,817
5,923
5,966
1,635
1,755
2,007
2,035
2,030
2,054
2,086
4,557
5,101
6,734
6,902
6,676
6,630
6,762
4,624
6,057
8,136
7,795
7,595
7,670
7,934
1,688
2,010
2,390
2,511
2,643
2,695
2,766
9,296
11,278
12,718
13,134
13,556
13,893
14,187
1,132
1,459
1,788
1,824
1,783
1,813
1,833
8,156
9,042
10,074
10,211
10,203
10,360
10,646
18,415
19,432
20,790
21,118
21,513
21,583
21,618
513.43
571.57
685.78
695.89
711.82
726.83
735.70
436.16
509.26
590.65
595.19
618.75
635.99
658.53
444.48
515.14
631.40
643.45
644.38
657.29
666.93
235.62
272.56
333.38
346.16
360.81
367.15
371.15
471.72
513.37
562.31
562.70
579.75
598.41
614.90
670.40
811.52
955.66
977.18
979.09
1,017.27
1,048.82
479.50
564.98
700.89
731.11
738.17
760.81
777.42
378.21
477.39
589.64
612.36
632.34
670.86
683.96
286.81
321.69
395.85
409.75
419.76
437.20
455.03
504.87
583.41
745.83
769.63
784.51
801.82
828.39
272.70
306.54
386.33
400.95
417.44
427.02
424.54
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
319.80
379.66
449.27
473.04
495.17
516.03
538.00
219.02
240.57
273.79
283.17
301.84
305.85
312.90
143.52
160.46
201.09
203.35
207.67
210.35
214.47
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.0
33.9
33.7
33.7
38.3
38.8
39.2
38.7
38.4
38.4
38.3
40.5
41.3
41.3
40.3
40.5
40.4
40.8
38.4
38.6
38.8
38.4
38.0
37.9
37.8
30.6
30.8
30.7
30.7
30.9
30.9
30.7
37.7
38.9
37.4
36.7
36.8
36.8
37.2
41.5
42.3
42.0
41.4
40.9
41.1
40.9
35.8
36.0
36.8
36.9
36.5
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
37.1
36.9
36.6
36.5
36.5
33.1
32.7
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8
32.8
36.1
35.8
36.2
35.9
35.6
35.6
35.7
32.3
32.5
33.1
32.8
33.0
32.9
32.9
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
31.8
31.9
32.1
32.3
32.3
32.5
32.7
26.1
26.3
25.6
25.5
25.7
25.5
25.7
25.9
25.8
26.2
25.8
25.8
25.6
25.6
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10.19
11.64
14.00
14.53
14.95
15.35
15.67
13.42
14.73
17.48
18.00
18.52
18.95
19.23
10.78
12.34
14.32
14.76
15.29
15.74
16.14
11.58
13.34
16.28
16.77
16.98
17.36
17.66
7.71
8.85
10.86
11.29
11.67
11.90
12.08
12.50
13.18
15.05
15.33
15.76
16.25
16.53
16.14
19.19
22.75
23.58
23.96
24.77
25.62
13.40
15.68
19.07
19.80
20.20
21.01
21.42
10.40
13.07
15.90
16.59
17.28
18.37
18.71
8.66
9.85
12.14
12.53
12.79
13.32
13.88
13.99
16.32
20.61
21.42
22.02
22.54
23.23
8.45
9.43
11.66
12.21
12.66
13.00
12.90
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10.05
11.89
13.98
14.67
15.32
15.88
16.46
8.41
9.14
10.68
11.10
11.75
11.99
12.17
5.53
6.22
7.68
7.88
8.04
8.22
8.36
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Item and year
Con- Manufacstruction
turing
Total
nonfarm
Total
109,487
117,298
131,785
131,826
130,341
129,999
131,480
91,072
97,866
110,996
110,707
108,828
108,416
109,862
5,263
5,274
6,787
6,826
6,716
6,735
6,964
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
349.29
399.53
480.41
493.20
506.07
517.30
528.56
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1
Utilities
Government
NA Not available. 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Average hours and earnings of production workers for natural resources and mining, manufacturing, and construction; average hours and
earnings of nonsupervisory workers for the service-providing industries.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Employment Statistics program Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm>.
Table 619. Employees in Nonfarm Establishments—States: 2004
[In thousands (131,480 represents 131,480,000). For coverage, see headnote, Table 618. National totals differ from the sum of
the state figures because of differing benchmarks among states and differing industrial and geographic stratification. Based on North
American Industry Classification System, 2002; see text, this section]
State
Total
1
Trade,
transportation,
ConManuand
struction facturing
utilities
Information
Professional
Finand
ancial business
actserivities 2
vices 3
Education and
health
services 4
Leisure
and
hospitality 5
Other
services 6
Government
U.S.
AL . . .
AK. . .
AZ . . .
AR. . .
CA. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
131,480
1,902
304
2,374
1,159
14,539
6,964
104
18
190
52
847
14,329
291
12
176
204
1,533
25,510
376
62
462
242
2,753
3,138
31
7
48
20
483
8,052
97
15
164
51
903
16,414
197
23
334
108
2,099
16,954
192
35
260
143
1,562
12,479
160
30
241
91
1,442
5,431
82
12
89
41
505
21,618
360
81
401
201
2,390
CO
CT.
DE.
DC
FL .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,179
1,651
424
672
7,504
151
66
7
26
7
12
491
155
198
35
3
388
407
308
81
28
1,498
81
39
7
24
168
155
141
45
31
501
299
198
62
143
1,290
219
268
52
92
919
252
128
40
51
854
87
63
19
59
320
359
242
58
231
1,069
GA
HI .
ID .
IL .
IN .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,890
582
587
5,807
2,930
198
7
29
40
267
148
445
15
62
697
572
828
112
118
1,179
576
119
11
10
121
41
218
29
28
400
140
511
71
73
796
266
407
67
65
728
369
358
104
56
507
275
156
24
18
259
109
638
120
114
844
426
IA .
KS.
KY.
LA .
ME
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,456
1,323
1,796
1,920
614
68
63
84
117
31
223
176
264
152
63
306
261
372
380
126
34
42
29
29
12
97
70
87
103
35
107
127
162
184
50
191
160
231
252
111
128
110
161
204
59
56
53
78
72
20
244
252
309
383
105
MD
MA
MI .
MN
MS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,520
3,180
4,391
2,678
1,125
178
138
190
127
49
143
314
696
343
179
468
573
810
523
220
51
87
68
60
15
156
220
218
176
46
373
449
584
302
83
348
582
553
377
119
225
292
403
235
125
114
116
179
118
38
466
408
682
411
243
MO
MT
NE.
NV.
NH
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,693
412
923
1,152
627
138
25
7
48
118
30
312
19
101
46
80
533
86
196
205
140
64
8
22
15
13
163
21
63
62
38
303
33
94
133
57
359
54
127
80
95
267
55
78
313
64
119
17
35
35
21
429
87
160
139
90
NJ .
NM
NY.
NC
ND
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,002
791
8,447
3,830
337
166
50
318
217
17
339
36
596
580
25
876
138
1,483
724
73
99
15
271
72
8
278
35
702
192
19
582
90
1,054
429
24
547
103
1,521
446
49
327
83
662
345
31
154
29
352
168
15
634
198
1,483
651
75
OH
OK
OR
PA .
RI .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,407
1,470
1,594
5,640
488
235
62
82
248
21
825
142
200
691
57
1,038
276
320
1,121
80
93
31
33
112
11
312
84
97
336
34
624
161
177
633
54
744
179
193
996
93
495
129
156
476
50
227
74
57
263
23
802
302
270
745
66
SC.
SD.
TN.
TX .
UT.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,823
383
2,701
9,478
1,103
113
20
118
543
73
269
39
412
890
115
353
77
587
1,943
219
26
7
50
226
30
93
28
142
595
65
192
24
301
1,088
138
176
57
320
1,145
123
201
41
253
883
102
68
16
102
359
33
328
74
414
1,656
199
VT .
VA .
WA
WV
WI .
WY
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
303
3,584
2,698
736
2,803
255
17
231
164
35
126
19
37
299
264
63
502
10
59
647
519
137
540
49
6
100
92
12
50
4
13
189
152
31
158
11
21
577
302
58
251
15
53
380
319
111
376
22
33
320
255
68
250
31
10
180
100
55
135
10
52
652
523
143
412
65
7
1
2
Includes natural resources and mining, not shown separately.
Finance and insurance; real estate and rental and
leasing. 3 Professional, scientific and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support
4
5
and waste management and remediation services.
Education services; health care and social assistance.
Arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodations and food services. 6 Includes repair and maintenance; personal and laundry
7
Natural resources and mining included with construction.
services; and membership associations and organizations.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Employment Statistics program Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm>.
Compiled from data supplied by cooperating state agencies.
Labor Force, Employment and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
415
Table 620. Nonfarm Industries—Employees and Earnings: 1990 to 2004
[Annual averages of monthly figures (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Covers all full- and part-time employees who worked
during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month. See also headnote, Table 618]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
1990
2000
2002
2003
Total nonfarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing 3. . . . . . . . . . . .
Service-providing 4 . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources and mining . . . . . . . . .
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction . .
Highway, street, and bridge construction.
Specialty trade contractors 5 . . . . . . . . . .
Building foundation and exterior
contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building equipment contractors . . . . . . .
Building finishing contractors . . . . . . . .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
21
211
212
213
23
236
2361
2362
237
2373
238
2381
2382
2383
703
1,282
665
919
1,897
857
920
1,835
876
951
1,822
884
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . .
Cement and concrete products . . . . . .
Primary metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products 5. . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and structural metals. . . .
Machine shops and threaded products .
Machinery 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural, construction, and mining
machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVAC and commercial refrigeration
equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metalworking machinery . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products 5 . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment . .
Communications equipment . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances . . . .
Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment 5 . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace products and parts . . . . . .
Furniture and related products . . . . . . . .
Household and institutional furniture . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . .
Medical equipment and supplies . . . . .
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fruit and vegetable preserving and
specialty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal slaughtering and processing . .
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing . . .
Beverages and tobacco products . . . . . .
Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cut-and-sew apparel . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied products . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . .
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills . . . .
Converted paper products . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmaceuticals and medicines . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products . . . . . . . . .
Plastics products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rubber products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31-33
(X)
321
327
3273
331
3315
332
3323
3327
333
17,695
10,736
541
528
195
689
214
1,610
357
309
1,408
17,263
10,876
613
554
234
622
217
1,753
428
365
1,455
15,259
9,483
555
516
230
509
178
1,549
399
318
1,230
14,510
8,963
538
494
224
477
166
1,479
380
311
1,149
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3331
Average hourly
earnings 2 (dollars)
All employees (1,000)
1
2004 2000 2003
2004
109,487 131,785 130,341 129,999 131,480 (NA) (NA) (NA)
23,723 24,649 22,557 21,816 21,884 15.27 16.80 17.19
85,764 107,136 107,784 108,182 109,596 (NA) (NA) (NA)
91,072 110,996 108,828 108,416 109,862 14.00 15.35 15.67
765
599
583
572
591 16.55 17.56 18.08
680
520
512
503
523 16.94 17.90 18.45
190
125
122
120
123 19.43 18.95 18.58
302
225
211
203
207 18.07 19.14 19.85
188
171
180
180
193 14.55 16.07 16.92
5,263
6,787
6,716
6,735
6,964 17.48 18.95 19.23
1,413
1,633
1,575
1,576
1,632 16.74 18.35 18.73
673
823
804
838
894 15.18 16.86 17.38
741
809
771
738
738 18.18 19.85 20.18
813
937
931
903
903 16.80 18.70 19.18
289
340
346
340
348 18.17 19.50 19.82
3,037
4,217
4,210
4,256
4,430 17.91 19.20 19.40
1,006 16.93 18.03 18.30
1,863 19.52 20.66 20.90
926 16.44 18.44 18.66
14,329
8,923
548
505
235
466
165
1,498
390
326
1,142
14.32
14.93
11.63
14.53
14.64
16.64
14.72
13.77
13.43
14.53
15.22
15.74
16.45
12.71
15.76
16.06
18.13
16.51
15.01
14.54
15.78
16.30
16.14
16.82
13.03
16.25
16.37
18.57
16.91
15.31
14.71
15.91
16.68
229
222
200
188
.
.
.
.
.
3334
3335
334
3341
3342
165
267
1,903
367
232
194
274
1,820
302
248
167
217
1,507
250
186
157
205
1,355
224
155
195 14.21 14.66 15.16
152
202
1,326
212
151
13.10
16.66
14.73
18.39
14.39
14.23
17.81
16.69
20.18
16.84
14.82
17.80
17.28
20.56
16.86
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3344
3345
335
3353
336
3361
3363
3364
337
3371
339
3391
(X)
311
574
626
633
244
2,133
271
653
841
601
398
690
288
6,959
1,507
676
479
591
210
2,056
291
840
517
680
440
733
310
6,388
1,553
525
450
497
175
1,829
265
734
470
604
400
688
308
5,775
1,526
461
430
460
160
1,774
265
708
442
573
382
663
304
5,547
1,518
453
432
447
153
1,764
256
689
444
573
384
656
304
5,406
1,497
13.46
15.83
13.23
13.28
18.89
24.45
17.95
20.52
11.72
11.39
11.93
12.70
13.31
11.77
15.37
17.09
14.36
14.40
21.23
28.04
20.39
22.93
12.98
12.69
13.30
13.82
14.63
12.80
16.24
17.37
14.90
14.86
21.49
28.35
20.40
23.93
13.16
12.82
13.85
14.32
15.05
12.98
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3114
3116
3118
312
3121
313
314
315
3152
316
322
3221
3222
323
324
325
3251
3254
326
3261
3262
218
427
292
218
173
492
209
929
776
133
647
238
409
809
153
1,036
249
207
826
619
207
197
507
306
207
175
378
216
497
394
69
605
191
413
807
123
980
188
274
952
738
214
183
517
297
207
174
291
195
360
283
50
547
165
382
707
118
928
170
291
848
664
184
185
516
292
200
169
261
179
312
243
45
516
151
365
681
114
906
162
292
815
639
177
182
505
288
194
165
239
178
285
220
43
499
147
352
665
113
887
156
291
807
634
173
11.90
10.27
11.45
17.40
17.19
11.23
10.43
8.60
8.40
10.35
15.91
20.62
13.58
14.09
22.80
17.09
21.06
17.27
12.69
12.04
14.82
12.79
11.30
12.63
17.96
17.43
11.99
11.23
9.56
9.39
11.66
17.33
22.62
14.94
15.37
23.63
18.50
22.12
19.77
14.18
13.42
16.80
12.86
11.53
12.64
19.12
18.70
12.13
11.39
9.75
9.61
11.63
17.90
23.00
15.56
15.72
24.38
19.16
23.13
20.90
14.58
13.83
17.13
See footnotes at end of table.
416
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 620. Nonfarm Industries—Employees and Earnings: 1990 to 2004—Con.
[Annual averages of monthly figures (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Covers all full- and part-time employees who worked
during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month. See also headnote, Table 618]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Trade, transportation, and utilities . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts . . . . . . .
Lumber and construction supplies .
Commercial equipment . . . . . . . .
Electric goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware and plumbing . . . . . . .
Machinery and supplies . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods 5 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products . . . . . .
Druggists’ goods . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grocery and related products . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(X)
42
423
4231
4233
4234
4236
4237
4238
424
4241
4242
4244
. . . . 425
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers 5 . . . . . .
Automobile dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores . . .
Furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home furnishings stores . . . . . . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and supplies dealers .
Food and beverage stores . . . . . . . . . .
Grocery stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialty food stores . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beer, wine, and liquor stores . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing & clothing accessories stores. . .
Clothing stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods and musical instrument
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Book, periodical, and music stores . . .
General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . .
Department stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers 5 . . . . . . . .
Florists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office supplies, stationery, and gift
stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic shopping and mail-order
houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scheduled air transportation . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General freight trucking . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialized freight trucking . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation . . .
Support activities for transportation . . . . .
Freight transportation arrangement . . .
Couriers and messengers . . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power generation and supply. . . . . . . . .
Natural gas distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water, sewage and other systems . . . . .
. 44,45
. 441
. 4411
Average hourly
earnings 2 (dollars)
All employees (1,000)
1
2004
2000
2003
2004
22,666 26,225 25,497 25,287 25,510
5,268 5,933 5,652 5,608 5,655
2,834 3,251 3,008 2,941 2,949
309
356
346
342
340
181
227
225
229
240
597
722
665
653
643
357
425
366
346
340
216
247
233
231
234
690
725
673
644
653
1,900 2,065 2,015 2,005 2,007
162
177
159
152
150
136
192
211
211
219
623
689
680
685
688
1990
13.31
16.28
16.71
14.27
13.61
20.29
19.43
15.07
16.47
14.33
15.65
18.98
13.57
14.34
17.36
17.90
15.74
15.58
22.14
20.03
16.37
17.46
15.66
16.20
19.08
15.08
14.59
17.66
18.31
16.08
16.03
22.88
20.60
16.22
17.77
15.88
17.33
18.89
15.29
699
20.79
20.42
20.15
13,182 15,280 15,025 14,917 15,035
1,494 1,847 1,879 1,883 1,901
983 1,217 1,253 1,254 1,254
10.86
14.94
16.95
11.90
16.07
17.85
12.08
16.09
17.68
535
2000
618
2002
629
2003
662
.
.
.
.
.
4413
442
4421
4422
443
418
432
244
188
382
499
544
289
254
564
485
539
281
258
525
480
547
284
263
512
490
560
289
271
514
11.04
12.33
13.37
11.06
13.67
11.97
13.28
14.41
11.99
16.14
12.28
13.46
14.44
12.35
16.96
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
444
4441
445
4451
4452
4453
446
447
448
4481
4482
891
753
2,779
2,406
232
141
792
910
1,313
930
216
1,142
982
2,993
2,582
270
141
928
936
1,322
954
193
1,177
1,025
2,882
2,487
256
139
939
896
1,313
960
183
1,185
1,038
2,838
2,453
247
138
938
882
1,305
956
179
1,226
1,081
2,826
2,447
244
136
942
877
1,362
1,008
185
11.25
11.30
9.76
9.71
9.97
10.40
11.68
8.05
9.96
9.88
8.96
12.67
12.86
10.82
10.76
11.00
11.60
13.12
8.72
10.48
10.30
9.22
12.80
12.92
10.86
10.79
11.13
11.87
13.73
8.84
10.55
10.26
9.46
. 4483
167
175
170
169
168
11.48
12.30
12.94
. 451
532
686
661
647
639
9.33
10.23
10.42
4511
4512
452
4521
453
4531
352
180
2,500
1,494
738
121
437
249
2,820
1,755
1,007
130
435
227
2,812
1,684
960
122
428
219
2,822
1,621
931
113
430
209
2,844
1,613
919
107
9.55
8.91
9.22
9.59
10.20
8.95
10.57
9.49
10.10
10.42
10.93
9.53
10.83
9.53
10.32
10.67
10.98
9.71
. 4532
. 454
358
419
471
492
435
444
416
427
407
425
10.46
13.22
11.61
13.77
11.39
13.87
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4541
48,49
481
4811
482
483
484
4841
4842
157
3,476
529
503
272
57
1,122
807
315
257
4,410
614
570
232
56
1,406
1,013
393
224
4,224
564
520
218
53
1,339
952
388
218
4,185
528
485
218
55
1,326
935
390
223
4,250
515
470
224
57
1,351
950
401
13.38
15.05
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
15.86
16.37
14.51
13.53
16.25
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
16.30
16.70
15.25
13.35
16.53
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
16.61
17.14
15.28
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
485
486
487
488
4885
492
4921
493
22
2211
2212
2213
274
60
16
364
111
375
340
407
740
550
155
35
372
46
28
537
178
605
546
514
601
434
121
46
381
42
26
525
168
561
507
517
596
434
115
48
382
40
27
520
167
562
510
528
577
418
113
47
386
39
27
536
170
561
510
556
570
412
112
46
11.88
19.86
12.49
14.57
13.46
13.51
13.92
14.46
22.75
23.13
23.41
16.93
12.79
23.03
14.02
17.63
16.50
15.68
16.58
14.80
24.77
25.65
23.84
18.62
12.84
23.94
13.67
17.69
16.87
15.45
16.09
14.90
25.62
26.49
25.32
18.30
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
417
See footnotes at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 620. Nonfarm Industries—Employees and Earnings: 1990 to 2004—Con.
[Annual averages of monthly figures (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Covers all full- and part-time employees who worked
during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month. See also headnote, Table 618]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet . . . . .
Newspaper, book, and directory
publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and video industries . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet . . . . . . . . . .
Radio and television broadcasting . . . . . .
Cable and other subscription
programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internet publishing and broadcasting . . . . . .
Telecommunications 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wired telecommunications carriers . . . . .
Wireless telecommunications carriers. . . .
Telecommunications resellers . . . . . . . . .
Cable and other program distribution . . . .
ISPs, search portals, and data processing . .
ISPs and Web search portals . . . . . . . . .
Data processing and related services . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation. . . . . .
Commercial banking . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation . . .
Activities related to credit
intermediation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities and commodity contracts
brokerage and exchanges . . . . . . . .
Other financial investment activities . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities . .
Insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance agencies, brokerages, and
related services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial
vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing 5 . . . .
Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of real estate . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of real estate agents and
brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activities related to real estate . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services 5 . . . . . . . . .
Automotive equipment rental and
leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumer goods rental . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services . . . . . .
Professional and technical services . . . .
Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services . . .
Architectural and engineering services . . .
Computer systems design and related
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services .
Management of companies & enterprises.
Administrative and waste services . . . . .
Administrative and support services 5 . . .
Office administrative services . . . . . . .
Employment services . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services . . . . . . . . .
Business support services . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings . . .
Waste management and remediation
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly
earnings 2 (dollars)
All employees (1,000)
1
1990
2000
2002
2003
2004
2000
2003
2004
2,688
871
3,631
1,035
3,395
964
3,188
925
3,138
910
19.07
20.18
21.01
21.93
21.42
23.43
. . 5111
. . 5112
773
98
774
261
711
253
686
239
671
239
15.06
28.48
16.46
33.78
17.78
36.90
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
512
5121
515
5151
255
232
284
232
383
352
344
253
388
361
334
241
376
352
324
238
389
368
327
241
21.25
21.33
16.74
17.13
21.32
21.35
19.39
20.24
19.90
20.02
19.75
20.49
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5152
516
517
5171
5172
5173
5175
518
5181
5182
519
(X)
52
52
17
980
673
36
180
70
252
41
211
30
6,614
4,979
91
51
1,263
719
186
214
123
510
194
316
46
7,687
5,680
93
34
1,187
651
197
180
130
441
137
304
47
7,847
5,817
86
29
1,082
579
190
155
133
402
122
280
49
7,977
5,923
86
31
1,043
548
189
150
130
388
118
271
51
8,052
5,966
(NA)
(NA)
17.81
18.52
14.41
19.99
14.67
20.57
25.60
16.97
10.68
14.98
15.90
(NA)
(NA)
20.66
22.21
17.91
21.66
16.61
21.26
24.22
19.91
14.67
17.14
18.37
(NA)
(NA)
21.27
23.09
18.36
21.94
16.81
20.43
21.58
19.93
16.00
17.53
18.71
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
522
5221
52211
5222
2,425
1,909
1,362
398
2,548
1,681
1,251
644
2,686
1,733
1,278
695
2,792
1,749
1,280
750
2,832
1,761
1,285
768
13.14
11.97
11.83
15.30
15.64
13.54
13.30
19.82
15.62
13.80
13.48
19.32
. . 51
. . 511
. . 5223
119
222
258
294
303
15.39
17.08
16.28
. . 523
458
805
789
758
767
20.20
23.69
25.15
5232
5239
524
5241
338
120
2,016
1,338
566
239
2,221
1,433
528
261
2,233
1,413
493
264
2,266
1,429
494
273
2,260
1,403
20.07
20.48
17.37
17.92
23.42
24.21
19.88
20.50
25.74
24.11
20.39
21.19
. . 5242
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
678
788
820
837
857
16.28
18.75
18.96
525
53
531
5311
56
1,635
1,107
564
85
2,007
1,312
607
85
2,030
1,353
606
84
2,054
1,384
604
85
2,086
1,417
601
17.66
12.14
12.24
11.16
21.73
13.32
13.54
12.68
21.95
13.88
14.21
13.09
. . 5312
. . 5313
. . 532
217
327
514
281
424
667
298
449
649
310
470
643
332
485
644
12.57
13.60
11.69
13.39
14.87
12.59
14.35
15.56
13.00
163
208
195
193
198
220
292
288
288
281
10,848 16,666 15,976 15,987 16,414
4,557 6,734 6,676 6,630 6,762
944 1,066 1,115 1,142 1,162
664
866
837
815
816
942 1,238 1,246 1,227 1,261
10.70
9.53
15.52
20.61
21.38
14.42
20.49
11.96
10.12
17.21
22.54
22.25
16.49
22.50
12.57
10.72
17.46
23.23
22.91
16.87
23.24
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5321
5322
(X)
54
5411
5412
5413
. . 5415
410
1,254
1,153
1,117
1,147
27.13
29.49
30.15
. . 5416
324
705
734
745
779
20.86
23.58
23.60
494
382
317
1,667
4,624
4,395
211
1,494
1,156
505
515
497
462
1,796
8,136
7,823
264
3,817
2,636
787
538
441
487
1,705
7,595
7,277
289
3,247
2,194
757
539
430
494
1,687
7,670
7,348
308
3,300
2,224
750
548
425
503
1,718
7,934
7,609
319
3,470
2,393
755
21.39
16.99
13.55
15.28
11.66
11.49
14.68
11.83
11.79
11.08
25.24
17.84
15.23
16.76
13.00
12.77
16.59
13.36
12.63
12.21
26.88
18.71
15.48
17.18
12.90
12.68
16.93
12.94
12.07
12.53
250
507
1,175
299
689
1,571
252
724
1,606
235
712
1,636
226
730
1,694
12.72
9.78
10.02
14.47
10.88
11.00
14.05
11.29
11.16
229
313
318
322
325
15.29
17.33
17.26
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5417
5418
5419
55
56
561
5611
5613
56132
5614
. . 5615
. . 5616
. . 5617
. . 562
See footnotes at end of table.
418
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 620. Nonfarm Industries—Employees and Earnings: 1990 to 2004—Con.
[Annual averages of monthly figures (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Covers all full- and part-time employees who worked
during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month. See also headnote, Table 618]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Education and health services . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary and secondary schools . . . . .
Junior colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colleges and universities . . . . . . . . . . .
Business, computer, and management
training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical and trade schools . . . . . . . . .
Other schools and instruction. . . . . . . . .
Educational support services . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services 5. . . . . .
Offices of physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners . . .
Outpatient care centers . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . .
Hospitals 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General medical and surgical hospitals.
Psychiatric and substance abuse
hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities 5 . .
Nursing care facilities . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services . .
Vocational rehabilitation services . . . . .
Child day care services . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports . . . .
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and
parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation . .
Accommodations and food services . . . .
Accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traveler and other longer-term
accommodations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RV parks and recreational camps . . . .
Food services and drinking places . . . . .
Full-service restaurants . . . . . . . . . . .
Limited-service eating places . . . . . . .
Special food services . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages . .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive repair and maintenance . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . .
Personal care services . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Death care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dry-cleaning and laundry services . . . . .
Dry-cleaning and laundry services,
except coin-operated . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other personal services . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pet care services, except veterinary . .
Membership associations & organizations 5 .
Social advocacy organizations . . . . . . . .
Civic and social organizations . . . . . . . .
Professional and similar organizations . . .
Government
Federal. . . . . . . .
State government .
Local government.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Average hourly
earnings 2 (dollars)
All employees (1,000)
1
2004
2000
2003
2004
.
.
.
.
.
(X)
61
6111
6112
6113
10,984 15,109 16,199 16,588 16,954
1,688 2,390 2,643 2,695 2,766
461
716
786
801
829
44
79
84
79
84
939 1,196 1,339 1,361 1,378
1990
2000
13.95
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
15.64
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
16.16
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6114
6115
6116
6117
62
621
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
622
6221
60
86
82
81
80
72
91
95
96
99
96
184
207
221
230
17
39
50
56
67
9,296 12,718 13,556 13,893 14,187
2,842 4,320 4,633 4,786 4,946
1,278 1,840 1,968 2,003 2,054
513
688
725
744
760
276
438
486
503
523
261
386
413
427
446
129
162
175
182
189
288
633
680
733
773
3,513 3,954 4,160 4,245 4,294
3,305 3,745 3,930 4,005 4,051
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
13.98
14.99
15.65
15.96
14.24
15.29
15.74
12.86
16.71
16.75
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
15.88
16.87
17.91
18.38
15.54
17.68
17.56
13.69
19.37
19.48
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
16.46
17.44
18.41
18.96
16.00
18.57
18.15
14.41
20.31
20.41
.
.
.
.
6222
623
6231
6232
113
1,856
1,170
269
92
2,815
1,575
491
14.97
10.67
11.08
9.96
16.55
11.86
12.52
10.83
17.04
12.05
12.75
11.10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6233
624
6241
6242
6243
6244
(X)
71
711
330
478
532
558
583
1,085 1,860 2,020 2,075 2,133
389
678
773
813
853
67
117
127
128
131
242
370
376
379
381
388
696
744
755
767
9,288 11,862 11,986 12,173 12,479
1,132 1,788 1,783 1,813 1,833
273
382
364
372
365
9.83
9.78
10.57
10.95
9.57
8.88
8.11
10.68
13.11
10.84
10.82
11.84
12.01
10.79
9.54
8.76
11.99
16.71
10.89
11.06
12.14
12.79
10.78
9.76
8.91
12.17
17.35
.
.
.
.
712
713
72
721
68
110
114
115
117
791 1,296 1,305 1,327 1,351
8,156 10,074 10,203 10,360 10,646
1,616 1,884 1,779 1,775 1,796
12.21
9.86
7.68
9.48
12.62
10.60
8.22
10.27
12.92
10.72
8.36
10.58
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7211
7212
722
7221
7222
7223
7224
81
811
8111
812
8121
8122
8123
1,582
34
6,540
3,070
2,765
392
312
4,261
1,009
659
1,120
430
123
371
1,837
47
8,189
3,845
3,462
491
391
5,168
1,242
888
1,243
490
136
388
1,738
41
8,425
3,992
3,537
513
382
5,372
1,247
900
1,257
529
140
368
1,724
52
8,584
4,089
3,602
516
378
5,401
1,234
894
1,264
542
140
358
1,745
51
8,850
4,226
3,727
524
373
5,431
1,228
891
1,274
561
138
352
9.49
9.03
7.18
7.15
6.85
9.45
7.24
12.73
13.28
12.45
10.18
10.18
13.04
9.17
10.29
9.42
7.73
7.77
7.31
10.29
7.61
13.84
14.31
13.51
11.44
11.64
14.32
9.86
10.62
9.18
7.84
7.95
7.36
10.42
7.77
13.98
14.38
13.68
11.69
12.07
15.04
10.04
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
81232
8129
81291
813
8133
8134
8139
215
196
23
2,132
126
377
379
211
229
31
2,683
143
404
473
197
221
36
2,868
171
412
501
190
223
38
2,904
175
413
503
184
223
40
2,929
178
410
517
8.14
10.52
(NA)
13.66
12.08
9.85
15.98
8.75
12.07
(NA)
14.67
13.97
10.67
18.20
8.99
11.77
(NA)
14.78
13.74
10.86
17.78
.
.
.
.
92
(X)
(X)
(X)
18,415 20,790 21,513 21,583 21,618
3,196 2,865 2,766 2,761 2,728
4,305 4,786 5,029 5,002 4,985
10,914 13,139 13,718 13,820 13,905
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
86
2,583
1,514
437
2002
90
2,743
1,573
473
2003
92
2,786
1,580
484
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002 (NAICS). See
2
text, this section.
Production workers in the goods-producing industries and non-supervisory workers in service-producing
industries. See footnotes 3 and 4. 3 Natural resources and mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Trade, transportation
and utilities, information, financial activities, professional and business services, education and health services, leisure and
hospitality, other services, and government. 5 Includes other industries not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Employment Statistics program Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm>
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
419
Table 621. Private Sector Job Gains and Losses: 1992 to 2004
[In thousands (455 represents 455,000). For the three months ending in month shown. Based on the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages; for details see source. Minus sign (-) indicates loss]
Gross job gains
Gross job losses
Net
change 1
Total
Expanding
establishments
1992:
September. . . . . . . . . . . .
December . . . . . . . . . . . .
455
216
7,377
7,101
5,632
5,465
1,745
1,636
6,922
6,885
5,351
5,487
1,571
1,398
1993:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
313
786
874
641
7,309
7,330
7,523
7,436
5,410
5,794
5,881
5,840
1,899
1,536
1,642
1,596
6,996
6,544
6,649
6,795
5,354
5,136
5,316
5,420
1,642
1,408
1,333
1,375
1994:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
517
1,021
1,175
507
7,400
7,807
7,972
7,630
5,807
6,060
6,227
5,998
1,593
1,747
1,745
1,632
6,883
6,786
6,797
7,123
5,435
5,295
5,493
5,647
1,448
1,491
1,304
1,476
1995:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
746
402
771
407
7,782
7,714
7,970
7,877
6,129
6,017
6,291
6,153
1,653
1,697
1,679
1,724
7,036
7,312
7,199
7,470
5,660
5,839
5,680
5,934
1,376
1,473
1,519
1,536
1996:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
460
642
632
861
7,943
8,080
8,189
8,278
6,190
6,302
6,326
6,409
1,753
1,778
1,863
1,869
7,483
7,438
7,557
7,417
5,957
5,894
5,998
5,889
1,526
1,544
1,559
1,528
1997:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
799
594
854
702
8,292
8,098
8,593
8,731
6,448
6,342
6,680
6,727
1,844
1,756
1,913
2,004
7,493
7,504
7,739
8,029
5,900
5,925
5,981
6,068
1,593
1,579
1,758
1,961
1998:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
747
666
659
759
8,788
8,722
8,539
8,576
6,633
6,569
6,574
6,778
2,155
2,153
1,965
1,798
8,041
8,056
7,880
7,817
6,107
6,218
6,161
6,060
1,934
1,838
1,719
1,757
1999:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
380
569
548
1,105
8,744
8,800
8,817
9,144
6,733
6,788
6,871
7,112
2,011
2,012
1,946
2,032
8,364
8,231
8,269
8,039
6,466
6,419
6,397
6,264
1,898
1,812
1,872
1,775
2000:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
818
541
146
336
8,906
8,764
8,724
8,690
6,988
6,975
6,834
6,862
1,918
1,789
1,890
1,828
8,088
8,223
8,578
8,354
6,361
6,509
6,719
6,582
1,727
1,714
1,859
1,772
2001:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-101
-771
-1,380
-871
8,555
8,254
7,749
7,893
6,768
6,439
5,990
6,055
1,787
1,815
1,759
1,838
8,656
9,025
9,129
8,764
6,756
7,149
7,174
6,995
1,900
1,876
1,955
1,769
2002:
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-1
-80
-211
-175
8,128
8,050
7,763
7,702
6,324
6,246
6,083
6,059
1,804
1,804
1,680
1,643
8,129
8,130
7,974
7,877
6,400
6,411
6,345
6,267
1,729
1,719
1,629
1,610
2003
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-404
-142
72
344
7,472
7,560
7,396
7,646
5,932
6,033
5,897
6,063
1,540
1,527
1,499
1,583
7,876
7,702
7,324
7,302
6,321
6,138
5,893
5,816
1,555
1,564
1,431
1,486
2004
March . . . .
June . . . . .
September.
December .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
435
594
191
869
7,745
7,857
7,789
8,081
6,231
6,292
6,123
6,365
1,514
1,565
1,666
1,716
7,310
7,263
7,598
7,212
5,871
5,726
5,953
5,727
1,439
1,537
1,645
1,485
Year and month ending
1
Opening
establishments
Total
Contracting
establishments
Closing
establishments
Difference between the total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics: Fourth Quarter 2004, USDL 05-1562, August 18,
2005. See Internet site: <http://www.bls.gov/bdm/home.htm>
420
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 622. Annual Indexes of Output Per Hour for Selected NAICS Industries:
1987 to 2003
[For a discussion of productivity measures, see text, this section. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]
1987
1990
1995
2000
2002
2003
Average
annual
percent
change 2
Mining:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities:
Power generation and supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural gas distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing:
Sugar and confectionery products . . . . . . . . . . .
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty . . . .
Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal slaughtering and processing . . . . . . . . . .
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Other food products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabric mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile furnishings mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cut-and-sew apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sawmills and wood preservation . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plywood and engineered wood products . . . . . . .
Other wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills . . . . . . . . . . .
Converted paper products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers. . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmaceuticals and medicines . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soap, cleaning compounds, and toiletries . . . . . .
Other chemical products and preparations . . . . .
Plastics products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rubber products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glass and glass products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement and concrete products . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production . . . .
Foundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forging and stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and structural metals . . . . . . . . . . .
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers . . . . . . . .
Machine shops and threaded products . . . . . . . .
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals . . . .
Other fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery . .
Industrial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and service industry machinery . . . .
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment . .
Metalworking machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turbine and power transmission equipment. . . . .
Other general purpose machinery . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic components . . . .
Electronic instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Household appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other electrical equipment and components . . . .
Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace products and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship and boat building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Household and institutional furniture . . . . . . . . .
Office furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores . . . . . . . .
Furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home furnishings stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply stores . . . . .
Building material and supplies dealers . . . . . .
Lawn and garden equipment & supplies stores .
. . 21
. . 211
. . 212
85.5
80.1
69.8
85.1
75.7
79.3
101.7
95.3
94.0
111.2
119.4
106.8
113.9
124.0
111.4
116.2
130.5
113.6
1.9
3.1
3.1
. . 2211
. . 2212
65.6
67.8
71.1
71.4
88.5
89.0
107.0
113.2
102.9
115.4
105.1
114.3
3.0
3.3
87.6
92.4
82.7
97.4
100.9
97.5
77.1
68.0
91.2
69.8
77.6
99.8
103.2
81.7
89.0
97.7
72.1
94.6
77.4
87.3
84.4
75.4
83.1
75.5
82.3
93.6
64.8
81.4
85.4
88.7
86.0
76.9
75.5
91.0
74.6
75.1
86.9
84.0
85.1
80.2
83.5
11.0
39.8
17.0
70.2
73.3
68.7
78.7
75.4
85.0
78.7
86.5
95.5
85.2
85.8
76.3
85.4
73.5
62.1
93.3
65.7
80.8
85.6
87.1
73.3
78.4
76.7
76.3
77.0
36.9
77.4
78.2
73.1
89.5
87.6
91.1
94.3
94.5
92.4
87.6
75.3
88.0
70.1
79.4
102.9
105.5
84.0
90.1
97.6
76.1
93.4
76.4
91.3
84.8
77.8
85.2
83.5
79.1
96.6
70.2
86.5
89.0
87.9
90.1
79.2
81.3
86.5
83.3
81.6
95.6
90.6
86.5
85.9
86.8
14.7
48.4
21.9
78.5
76.5
73.6
76.0
85.6
75.9
76.0
89.1
99.6
88.2
82.2
82.9
90.5
78.5
66.7
97.9
73.2
83.1
90.7
92.4
73.3
86.3
80.1
83.3
75.8
45.9
81.5
83.0
73.8
93.2
98.3
97.6
99.0
100.7
104.0
103.2
95.5
92.3
85.2
90.4
101.5
99.8
98.4
97.2
98.8
89.9
91.3
95.4
95.9
96.1
93.5
94.5
92.9
87.5
99.7
90.0
93.1
93.9
93.3
97.3
98.3
102.2
96.3
95.4
97.1
103.6
96.4
99.2
91.3
94.0
49.9
74.4
63.8
97.9
91.8
98.0
92.0
88.5
97.4
92.3
94.9
93.1
97.2
84.9
96.6
95.9
93.4
88.8
99.6
92.6
94.6
97.6
97.7
91.0
98.7
94.7
93.5
96.1
89.4
93.1
94.2
86.8
109.8
111.8
95.9
102.6
108.3
112.7
90.8
110.1
104.5
119.8
105.4
98.9
103.1
116.3
101.1
104.6
113.5
117.5
109.8
95.6
102.8
119.7
112.3
101.7
108.2
101.6
106.0
103.6
121.1
100.7
94.7
108.2
105.5
99.9
100.3
130.0
100.9
107.9
106.1
114.9
113.7
234.9
164.1
232.4
116.7
117.2
99.4
119.6
109.7
98.8
112.3
103.2
121.9
101.9
100.2
114.6
113.6
115.7
120.2
106.3
126.5
114.8
107.6
106.0
110.3
114.2
116.3
113.8
119.5
179.7
114.4
115.7
105.9
108.2
126.7
105.0
107.8
110.7
113.6
99.8
125.7
103.5
110.9
114.4
110.3
114.2
133.1
105.5
110.0
117.9
124.0
123.0
96.0
124.5
118.9
122.7
107.9
107.4
102.4
123.8
117.0
125.3
106.3
99.7
115.6
115.2
106.5
103.7
106.0
102.0
117.6
115.6
132.7
117.6
297.3
128.1
264.1
119.3
136.0
103.2
115.6
126.3
105.5
130.7
117.8
131.0
115.7
115.2
128.6
129.5
124.3
127.5
112.0
139.7
123.2
111.1
107.2
117.5
120.0
124.8
124.3
125.6
242.6
120.8
121.6
115.1
112.2
121.8
110.1
107.0
110.9
118.9
105.0
136.1
111.9
123.5
120.6
106.5
112.9
138.0
109.3
110.7
118.9
132.0
120.9
98.6
114.6
122.7
127.6
111.7
115.2
106.9
125.8
117.5
132.9
109.1
102.0
115.8
116.9
111.2
116.6
109.0
109.7
127.5
117.4
141.8
124.5
379.6
142.2
322.1
128.5
151.6
104.9
116.9
138.7
109.3
135.9
121.7
133.8
118.2
125.3
137.1
135.3
128.6
133.7
117.1
131.0
129.8
112.9
106.4
131.6
130.0
135.3
131.4
140.4
311.0
129.3
130.4
121.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
0.6
0.6
1.2
2.0
4.4
1.3
3.6
2.8
0.4
0.6
3.3
1.3
0.8
3.2
2.1
2.8
0.8
1.9
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.1
0.8
4.2
2.3
2.8
1.3
1.1
2.6
2.8
1.3
2.8
2.4
1.5
2.6
2.0
3.6
2.5
24.8
8.3
20.2
3.9
4.6
2.7
2.5
3.9
1.6
3.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.4
3.7
2.9
3.6
4.9
1.4
4.4
3.0
1.7
1.3
3.7
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.8
14.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
Indexes (1997 = 100)
2002
NAICS
code 1
Industry
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
3113
3114
3115
3116
3118
3119
3121
3132
3141
3152
3211
3212
3219
3221
3222
3231
3241
3251
3252
3254
3256
3259
3261
3262
3272
3273
3311
3315
3321
3323
3324
3327
3328
3329
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3339
3341
3342
3344
3345
3352
3353
3359
3361
3362
3363
3364
3366
3371
3372
3391
3399
42
423
424
425
44-45
441
4411
4412
4413
442
4421
4422
443
444
4441
4442
See footnotes at end of table.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
421
Table 622. Annual Indexes of Output Per Hour for Selected NAICS Industries:
1987 to 2003—Con.
[For a discussion of productivity measures, see text, this section. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]
1987
1990
1995
2000
2002
2003
Average
annual
percent
change 2
Food and beverage stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grocery stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialty food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beer, wine and liquor stores . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores . . . . .
Clothing stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, & music stores . .
Sporting goods & musical instrument stores .
Book, periodical, and music stores . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office supplies, stationery and gift stores . . .
Used merchandise stores . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other miscellaneous store retailers . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses .
Vending machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . .
Direct selling establishments . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing:
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Line-haul railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General freight trucking, long-distance . . . . . .
Used household and office goods moving . . . .
Postal service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information:
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers . . .
Software publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and video exhibition. . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio and television broadcasting . . . . . . .
Cable and other subscription programming. .
Wired telecommunications carriers . . . . . . . . .
Wireless telecommunications carriers . . . . . . .
Cable and other program distribution . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance:
Commercial banking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental leasing:
Passenger car rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing. . . . . .
Video tape and disc rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services:
Tax preparation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photography studios, portrait. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and waste management:
Travel agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitorial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance:
Medical and diagnostic laboratories . . . . . . . .
Medical laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic imaging centers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services:
Traveler accommodations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places . . . . . . . . .
Full-service restaurants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limited-service eating places . . . . . . . . . . .
Special food services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages . . . . . .
Other services:
Automotive repair and maintenance . . . . . . . .
Hair, nail and skin care services . . . . . . . . . .
Funeral homes and funeral services . . . . . . . .
Dry cleaning and laundry services . . . . . . . . .
Photofinishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
445
4451
4452
4453
446
447
448
4481
4482
4483
451
4511
4512
452
4521
4529
453
4531
4532
4533
4539
454
4541
4542
4543
109.6
110.6
127.0
95.6
85.8
83.0
65.8
66.6
65.3
63.6
73.7
69.4
84.4
73.7
87.7
54.8
65.7
77.9
56.6
78.5
74.9
52.7
40.0
98.7
74.9
106.6
106.5
119.3
98.7
92.9
83.7
69.2
69.1
71.4
67.8
81.1
78.3
87.3
75.3
84.2
61.4
69.5
73.3
61.1
82.2
81.7
56.4
43.9
97.2
77.8
101.9
102.8
97.6
95.1
91.6
99.7
92.8
91.5
96.7
95.7
94.3
94.0
95.0
92.0
94.7
87.2
88.8
82.5
91.7
86.2
88.9
80.0
71.3
88.5
94.3
104.5
104.5
102.0
112.1
110.6
107.0
123.2
124.6
111.2
128.6
122.8
129.7
110.1
120.1
106.7
145.9
110.7
114.8
125.3
118.0
96.4
150.1
158.1
127.1
114.6
109.8
110.5
108.0
112.8
119.9
121.8
130.2
134.8
123.5
117.8
131.7
136.7
122.7
129.2
103.2
176.5
114.5
117.9
135.8
129.2
93.2
175.1
204.8
117.8
117.2
114.3
113.7
123.2
127.2
129.5
117.6
138.9
141.2
132.1
135.3
131.7
137.8
121.1
135.6
106.6
184.6
120.8
130.0
145.4
131.1
99.2
203.0
242.2
128.4
127.8
0.3
0.2
-0.2
1.8
2.6
2.2
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.8
3.7
4.4
2.3
3.9
1.2
7.9
3.9
3.2
6.1
3.3
1.8
8.8
11.9
1.7
3.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
481
482111
48412
48421
491
492
81.1
58.9
86.8
102.3
92.4
147.8
77.5
69.8
87.5
115.5
96.1
138.8
95.3
92.0
95.2
102.3
98.3
101.5
98.2
114.3
101.0
100.2
104.9
122.1
102.0
131.9
106.6
81.8
107.0
131.4
112.1
142.0
108.8
88.7
108.7
134.4
2.0
5.7
1.4
-0.9
1.0
-0.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5111
5112
51213
515
5151
5152
5171
5172
5175
104.8
10.2
90.4
99.0
97.2
105.9
56.1
79.4
105.4
96.6
28.5
109.2
97.9
97.2
100.6
65.3
72.1
100.3
93.4
73.2
99.8
103.4
105.9
93.2
87.2
90.2
93.5
106.1
112.2
107.2
105.9
95.7
140.2
119.2
142.8
89.3
102.6
122.5
100.7
106.5
97.1
135.4
129.0
218.9
92.2
105.8
138.4
104.8
108.4
99.0
138.0
134.7
247.7
97.2
0.1
17.7
0.9
0.6
0.1
1.7
5.6
7.4
-0.5
. . 52211
72.8
80.7
95.6
100.8
98.6
101.5
2.1
. . 532111
. . 53212
. . 53223
90.9
60.7
71.5
88.7
69.0
92.9
100.2
88.6
115.7
112.1
105.1
140.6
114.2
105.1
135.8
120.4
105.7
154.0
1.8
3.5
4.9
. . 541213
. . 54181
. . 541921
89.9
94.3
104.8
91.9
105.2
107.7
96.9
100.7
118.7
101.3
119.5
101.6
115.9
128.1
103.3
114.9
138.3
113.2
1.5
2.4
0.5
. . 56151
. . 56172
91.4
70.2
95.6
85.4
93.6
90.0
120.0
111.1
130.8
104.4
151.9
115.9
3.2
3.2
. . 62151
. . 621511
. . 621512
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
91.2
91.4
90.8
134.5
125.1
153.2
142.7
126.3
173.2
136.8
117.0
172.0
5.2
3.1
8.3
Indexes (1997 = 100)
2002
NAICS
code 1
Industry
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7211
722
7221
7222
7223
7224
83.8
96.5
91.9
96.0
100.0
136.2
80.8
102.7
99.1
103.1
108.1
123.0
97.9
100.4
96.3
104.4
98.8
104.8
113.0
103.8
101.1
105.4
111.3
103.0
113.2
105.0
102.2
108.2
104.3
105.7
115.6
108.4
105.3
111.5
107.4
118.0
2.0
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.4
-0.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8111
81211
81221
8123
81292
85.9
83.3
100.2
96.4
100.0
90.6
81.5
93.1
94.2
110.8
102.4
92.8
100.7
99.1
106.5
108.5
106.6
94.9
110.9
84.0
103.5
110.0
93.1
114.0
96.0
104.3
124.8
95.5
110.1
91.6
1.2
2.6
-0.3
0.8
-0.5
NA Not available. 1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2002; see text, this section. 2 Average annual
percent change, 1987 to 2003, based on compound rate formula. For NAICS industries 62151, 621511, and 621512, annual
percent changes are for 1995-2003.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Latest data available at: <http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm> (accessed 26 August
2005).
422
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 623. Productivity and Related Measures: 1980 to 2004
[See text, this section. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]
Item
INDEXES (1992 = 100)
Output per hour, business sector . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output, 1 business sector . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours, 2 business sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation per hour, 3 business sector . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real hourly compensation, 3 business sector
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit labor costs, 4 business sector . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE 5
Output per hour, business sector . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output, 1 business sector . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours, 2 business sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation per hour, 3 business sector . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real hourly compensation, 3 business sector
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit labor costs, 4 business sector . . . . . . .
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
79.1
80.6
(NA)
68.8
69.2
(NA)
87.1
87.4
(NA)
82.2
82.2
(NA)
94.5
94.5
92.9
96.9
97.1
97.6
101.6
102.1
109.9
111.4
111.8
115.0
116.1
115.6
134.1
140.5
140.8
138.6
119.0
118.5
136.9
141.0
141.3
132.3
124.2
123.6
147.3
143.5
143.9
132.2
129.6
129.0
154.8
149.0
149.4
132.2
134.7
134.2
163.0
156.7
157.3
138.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
87.0
85.9
(NA)
54.1
54.4
(NA)
89.1
89.5
(NA)
94.3
94.0
(NA)
72.5
72.6
(NA)
92.0
92.2
(NA)
102.6
102.7
105.0
90.6
90.4
90.5
96.3
96.0
96.1
109.6
109.4
104.6
105.9
106.0
107.3
98.8
98.9
100.1
121.0
121.8
103.4
134.5
134.0
134.7
111.9
111.4
112.0
118.4
119.3
96.6
140.2
139.3
137.8
113.4
112.6
111.5
115.6
116.3
89.8
144.6
143.8
147.0
115.1
114.5
117.0
115.0
115.8
85.4
150.4
149.6
159.7
117.1
116.4
124.3
116.3
117.2
85.0
157.8
156.8
167.3
119.6
118.9
126.8
...
...
...
68.4
67.5
(NA)
83.2
83.1
(NA)
96.0
95.7
97.3
104.2
103.7
97.6
115.9
115.9
100.5
117.8
117.5
100.7
116.4
116.3
99.8
116.1
116.0
103.2
117.2
116.9
102.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-0.2
-0.2
(NA)
-1.1
-1.0
(NA)
-0.9
-0.8
(NA)
10.8
10.8
(NA)
-0.2
-0.2
(NA)
11.0
11.0
(NA)
2.3
1.5
(NA)
4.6
4.2
(NA)
2.3
2.6
(NA)
4.8
4.6
(NA)
1.4
1.2
(NA)
2.5
3.0
(NA)
2.0
1.9
2.9
1.5
1.5
0.3
-0.5
-0.4
-2.5
6.3
6.1
4.4
1.2
1.1
-0.5
4.1
4.1
1.5
0.2
0.5
3.6
2.9
3.2
4.5
2.7
2.7
0.8
2.1
2.1
1.9
-0.3
-0.3
-0.5
1.9
1.6
-1.7
2.8
2.7
4.7
3.9
3.8
3.0
1.1
1.1
-1.6
7.0
7.0
9.2
3.5
3.6
5.6
4.0
4.2
4.2
2.5
2.5
2.1
0.3
0.4
-4.6
-2.2
-2.0
-6.5
4.2
4.0
2.3
1.4
1.1
-0.5
1.6
1.4
0.2
4.3
4.3
7.5
1.8
1.8
-0.1
-2.4
-2.5
-7.1
3.1
3.2
6.6
1.5
1.6
5.0
-1.1
-1.1
-0.8
4.4
4.3
5.2
3.8
3.8
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
-4.9
4.0
4.0
8.7
1.7
1.7
6.2
-0.3
-0.3
3.3
3.9
4.0
5.3
5.1
5.3
4.8
1.2
1.2
-0.4
4.9
4.8
4.7
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.0
0.8
-0.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
NA Not available. 1 Refers to gross sectoral product, annual weighted. 2 Hours at work of all persons engaged in the
business and nonfarm-business sectors (employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers); employees’ and proprietors’ hours
in manufacturing. 3 Wages and salaries of employees plus employers’ and contributions for social insurance and private benefit
plans. Also includes an estimate of same for self-employed. Real compensation deflated by the consumer price index for all urban
consumers, see text, Section 14. 4 Hourly compensation divided by output per hour. 5 All changes are from the immediate prior
year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity and Costs, News USDL 05-964, June 2, 2005; and Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm>.
Table 624. Employed Persons Using Computers at Work by Sex and Occupation:
2001
[In percent, except as indicated (135,089 represents 135,089,000). As of September. For persons 16 years old and over,
except as indicated. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error; see Appendix III and source]
Total
employed
(1,000)
Total
using a
computer at
work
(1,000)
...
...
...
135,089
72,306
62,784
72,277
34,663
37,614
53.5
47.9
59.9
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over .
Sex: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation:
Managerial and professional .
Executive, administrative,
and managerial . . . . . . .
Professional specialty . . .
Technical, sales, and
administrative support . . . .
Technicians and related
support . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales occupations . . . . . .
Administrative support,
including clerical . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . .
Precision production, craft,
and repair . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Percent who used a computer at work for—
Internet
or
e-mail
Calendar or
scheduling
Spreadsheets
or databases
Graphics or
design
Programming
67.0
64.3
69.4
71.8
75.1
68.8
52.9
55.2
50.9
62.3
64.9
59.9
28.8
32.0
25.8
15.2
20.4
10.5
Percent
Word
of em- processployed
ing 1
...
41,936
33,374
79.6
78.3
82.7
60.8
70.3
37.2
18.6
...
...
20,279
21,657
16,297
17,077
80.4
78.9
79.0
77.6
83.5
81.9
65.3
56.5
76.9
63.9
34.4
39.9
16.6
20.5
...
38,761
26,056
67.2
62.6
67.3
48.4
59.7
22.5
12.4
...
...
4,617
15,905
3,462
9,173
75.0
57.7
58.5
59.9
70.4
69.3
52.3
48.6
59.3
60.1
29.5
25.6
27.0
11.1
...
...
18,238
18,279
13,421
4,259
73.6
23.3
65.6
52.6
65.1
51.1
47.2
45.7
59.6
43.8
18.5
17.2
9.6
8.9
...
14,850
4,447
29.9
46.5
59.9
45.4
51.7
23.7
17.4
...
...
17,737
3,527
3,465
675
19.5
19.1
35.7
60.9
43.1
67.1
32.4
43.7
41.2
61.3
17.1
21.7
9.5
10.6
1
Or desktop publishing.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Computer and Internet Use at Work, 2001, News, USDL 02-601, October 23, 2002.
See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/bls/newsrels.htm#OEUS>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
423
Table 625. Average Hours per Day Worked by Employed Persons: 2003
[145,466 represents 145,466,000). For the civilian noninstitutional population 15 years old and over. Based on the American Time
Use Survey, a survey conducted continuously throughout the year, and subject to sampling error; see source for details]
Employed persons who worked on their diary day
Characteristic
Worked at
workplace
Total
employed
(1,000)
Number
(1,000)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work status:
Full-time workers 3 . . . . . .
Part-time workers 3 . . . . . .
145,466
98,069
67.4
7.59
87.0
112,347
33,120
80,033
18,035
71.2
54.5
8.09
5.40
88.8
79.3
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full-time workers 3 . . . . . .
Part-time workers 3 . . . . . .
78,092
66,243
11,848
55,288
48,534
6,754
70.8
73.3
57.0
8.01
8.33
5.74
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full-time workers 3 . . . . . .
Part-time workers 3 . . . . . .
67,374
46,103
21,271
42,781
31,500
11,281
63.5
68.3
53.0
Jobholding status:
Single jobholders . . . . . . .
Multiple jobholders . . . . . .
131,462
14,005
86,928
11,141
10,830
38,089
32,748
41,004
7,116
25,623
22,338
29,725
Educational attainment: 4
Less than high school .
High school diploma 5 .
Some college . . . . . . .
BA degree or higher . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Worked
at home 1
Percent of
employed 2
Hours
of work
7.83
18.9
2.54
8.22
5.86
18.3
21.6
2.60
2.29
88.2
89.5
79.1
8.21
8.45
6.29
18.6
18.4
20.0
2.50
2.52
2.35
7.06
7.72
5.19
85.6
87.7
79.5
7.31
7.87
5.60
19.4
18.2
22.5
2.58
2.73
2.25
66.1
79.6
7.57
7.79
87.8
81.4
7.83
7.78
17.0
33.6
2.46
2.84
65.7
67.3
68.2
72.5
7.71
7.89
7.69
7.50
91.8
90.5
87.4
80.1
7.80
7.90
7.92
7.98
9.3
12.8
18.9
32.5
(B)
3.28
2.49
2.33
Percent of Hours
employed of work
Percent of Hours
employed 2 of work
B Percent not shown where base is less than 800,000. 1 Represents doing activities that were ‘‘part of one’s job.’’
Percent of employed who worked on their diary day. 3 Full-time workers usually worked 35 or more hours per week at all jobs
combined; part-time workers fewer than 35 hours per week. 4 For those 25 years old and over. 5 Or equivalent.
2
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Time Use Survey—First Results Announced by BLS, News, USDL 04-1797,
September 14, 2004. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm>.
Table 626. Adults in Selected Work-Related Informal Learning Activities:
2000−01
[(198,803 represents 198,803,000). For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over not enrolled in elementary or secondary school. Based on the Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Survey of the National Household Education
Survey Program and subject to sampling error; see source and Appendix III for details]
Adults participating in work-related informal learning activities (percent)
Characteristic
Total . . . . . . . . . .
Age:
16 to 30 years old . . .
31 to 40 years old . . .
41 to 50 years old . . .
51 to 65 years old . . .
65 years old and over
.......
Total
adults
(1,000)
Any
activities
Selfpaced
study
with
books 1
Selfpaced
study Informal
with soft- presentaware
tions 2
Attended
conferences 3
Read
journals 4
Received
supervised
training 5
198,803
63
30
21
20
25
43
46
.
.
.
.
.
46,905
41,778
41,255
39,523
29,342
72
71
73
58
28
36
35
37
26
9
24
25
28
20
5
21
24
25
18
4
26
30
31
24
6
38
50
54
44
22
58
46
43
35
22
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94,955
103,848
67
59
34
27
23
20
21
18
29
21
48
38
44
49
......
31,343
34
16
5
4
8
16
35
......
......
......
64,606
52,559
50,295
52
72
84
22
36
42
14
27
36
12
21
38
16
25
46
28
48
73
40
52
50
..
..
..
42,230
65,298
37,722
91
73
62
47
36
29
39
25
15
41
21
14
52
27
17
77
43
33
49
48
38
..
53,553
28
11
8
4
6
22
(X)
.
.
.
.
.
Educational attainment:
Less than high school .
High school diploma or
equivalent . . . . . . . .
Some college . . . . . . .
BA degree or higher. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Employment/occupation:
Employed in the past
12 months:
Professional or managerial.
Sales, service, or support .
Trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not employed in the past
12 months . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
3
Includes procedure manuals and video tapes.
Such as ‘‘brown bag’’ events.
Includes
X Not applicable.
conventions. 4 Professional journals or magazines. 5 Asked to those who were employed in the prior 12 months. Includes
mentoring.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2004-050, September 2004.
424
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 627. Annual Total Compensation and Wages and Salary Accruals Per
Full-Time Equivalent Employee by Industry: 2000 to 2003
[In dollars. Wage and salary accruals include executives’ compensation, bonuses, tips, and payments-in-kind; total compensation
includes in-addition-to wages and salaries, employer contributions for social insurance, employer contributions to private and welfare funds, director’s fees, jury and witness fees, etc. Based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS);
see text, this section]
Annual total compensation
Industry
Domestic industries . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annual wages and salary
2000
2001
2002
2003
2000
2001
2002
2003
....
....
46,407
45,240
47,523
46,204
49,045
47,520
51,024
49,426
38,762
38,446
39,538
39,104
40,219
39,601
41,414
40,745
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
29,332
70,413
78,147
44,764
54,219
56,264
30,225
26,418
73,275
81,365
47,802
54,158
59,902
30,038
26,421
74,917
86,579
48,754
57,765
61,248
31,235
27,572
78,789
92,144
49,537
62,691
63,382
32,301
25,847
58,291
64,271
37,196
44,216
48,017
26,307
23,246
60,595
66,470
39,647
43,778
50,974
26,027
23,228
61,051
68,313
40,399
44,866
51,510
26,691
24,229
63,394
69,758
40,965
46,743
52,945
27,412
Transportation and warehousing. . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing .
Professional, scientific, and
technical services . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and
enterprises 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and waste
management services . . . . . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
48,336
74,196
74,821
41,906
48,588
71,915
77,992
42,171
49,771
71,438
79,348
43,675
51,151
75,031
81,823
45,177
39,463
63,217
64,049
36,178
39,426
60,917
66,562
36,227
40,129
59,696
65,722
37,399
40,800
61,930
67,804
38,670
Accommodation and food services .
Other services, except government .
Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
..
68,436
72,062
73,605
75,340
58,886
61,756
62,025
63,557
..
89,496
85,400
86,720
88,922
75,984
72,270
72,787
74,052
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
28,540
32,736
40,897
35,898
30,508
34,181
42,087
35,884
31,636
35,461
43,923
37,166
32,874
37,164
45,633
39,601
25,181
28,974
35,127
31,259
26,784
30,086
36,011
31,115
27,659
31,094
37,411
32,162
28,543
32,368
38,651
34,053
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19,092
28,630
52,845
70,004
48,020
20,493
29,413
54,679
73,764
49,579
21,196
30,534
57,032
79,166
51,209
21,834
31,820
59,279
83,907
52,768
16,830
25,495
40,501
46,646
38,773
17,973
26,091
41,895
48,815
40,046
18,421
27,050
43,454
52,081
41,185
18,843
28,027
44,872
55,055
42,179
Consists of offices of bank and other holding companies and of corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, May 2005; and Internet site <http://www.bea.gov
/bea/dn/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Table 628. Average Hourly Earnings by Private Industry Group: 1990 to 2004
[In dollars. Average earnings include overtime. Data are for production workers in natural resources and mining, manufacturing,
and construction, and nonsupervisory employees in other industries. See headnote, Table 618]
Current dollars
Private industry group
AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources and mining . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation and utilities . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services 2 .
Education and health services 2 . . . .
Leisure and hospitality 2 . . . . . . . . . .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources and mining . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation and utilities . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services 2 .
Education and health services 2 . . . .
Leisure and hospitality 2 . . . . . . . . . .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Constant (1982) dollars
1
1990
2000
2002
2003
2004
1990
2000
2002
2003
2004
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10.19
13.40
13.42
10.78
9.83
13.40
9.99
11.14
10.00
5.88
9.08
14.00
16.55
17.48
14.32
13.31
19.07
14.98
15.52
13.95
8.11
12.73
14.95
17.19
18.52
15.29
14.02
20.20
16.17
16.81
15.21
8.58
13.72
15.35
17.56
18.95
15.74
14.34
21.01
17.14
17.21
15.64
8.76
13.84
15.67
18.08
19.23
16.14
14.59
21.42
17.53
17.46
16.16
8.91
13.98
7.66
10.07
10.08
8.10
7.39
10.07
7.51
8.37
7.51
4.42
6.82
8.03
9.50
10.03
8.22
7.64
10.94
8.59
8.90
8.00
4.65
7.30
8.24
9.47
10.20
8.42
7.72
11.13
8.91
9.26
8.38
4.73
7.56
8.27
9.46
10.21
8.48
7.73
11.32
9.23
9.27
8.43
4.72
7.46
8.23
9.50
10.10
8.48
7.66
11.25
9.21
9.17
8.49
4.68
7.34
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
349.29
602.54
513.43
436.16
331.55
479.50
354.65
380.61
319.27
152.47
297.91
480.41
734.92
685.78
590.65
449.88
700.89
537.37
535.07
449.29
211.79
413.41
506.07
741.97
711.82
618.75
471.27
738.17
575.51
574.66
492.74
221.26
439.76
517.30
765.94
726.83
635.99
481.14
760.81
609.08
587.02
505.69
224.30
434.41
528.56
804.03
735.70
658.53
488.58
777.42
622.99
596.96
523.83
228.63
433.04
262.43
452.70
385.75
327.69
249.10
360.26
266.45
285.96
239.87
114.55
223.82
275.62
421.64
393.45
338.87
258.11
402.12
308.30
306.98
257.77
121.51
237.18
278.83
408.80
392.19
340.91
259.65
406.71
317.09
316.62
271.48
121.91
242.29
278.72
412.68
391.61
342.67
259.23
409.92
328.17
316.28
272.46
120.85
234.06
277.61
422.28
386.40
345.87
256.61
408.31
327.20
313.53
275.12
120.08
227.44
1
Earnings in current dollars divided by the Consumer Price Index (CPI-W) on a 1982 base; see text, Section 14, Prices.
For composition of industries, see Table 619.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Employment Statistics program Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ces
/home.htm>.
2
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
425
Table 629. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours by Selected
Characteristics: 2003
[Covers civilian workers in private industry establishments and state and local governments in the 50 states and DC. Excludes private households, federal government and agriculture. Based on establishment survey; see source and Appendix III for details]
Mean hourly earnings (dol.)
Item
Total
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
State and
Private
local
industry government
Mean weekly hours
Total
Private
industry
State and
local
government
17.75
16.98
22.22
35.7
35.5
36.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21.85
28.37
30.60
20.85
32.20
15.05
13.77
15.03
18.89
21.12
27.73
30.32
21.27
32.60
15.05
13.69
14.91
18.84
25.09
29.80
31.08
18.11
30.06
13.58
14.17
17.11
19.52
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.1
40.0
32.4
36.3
38.0
39.6
36.0
36.3
36.5
35.9
40.2
32.4
36.3
38.0
39.5
36.6
36.1
35.9
37.6
38.5
33.9
36.7
37.6
39.8
.....
.....
13.30
14.78
13.29
14.66
16.52
15.96
39.1
37.5
39.1
37.9
38.5
34.1
.
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11.27
10.40
17.17
7.46
10.68
10.52
10.13
11.09
8.90
10.50
7.31
10.42
9.92
9.93
14.22
16.70
20.78
10.53
12.59
12.65
11.62
35.0
31.5
31.5
28.4
33.6
34.6
29.3
34.9
30.4
33.0
28.3
33.2
33.6
29.4
38.7
37.1
39.8
30.1
37.1
38.5
28.4
Full-time 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.79
9.93
18.07
9.56
22.62
15.12
39.6
20.5
39.7
20.5
38.8
19.2
Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.45
16.96
19.52
16.63
24.22
20.29
36.9
35.4
36.9
35.3
36.8
36.8
Time 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Incentive 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.45
22.82
16.57
22.82
22.22
(NA)
35.6
36.9
35.4
36.9
36.8
(NA)
(X)
(X)
18.46
16.44
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
39.50
34.20
(X)
(X)
WORKER CHARACTERISTIC
White-collar occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional specialty and technical . . . . . .
Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blue-collar occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision production, craft, and repair . . . .
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving . . . . . .
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers and
laborers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning and building service . . . . . . . .
Personal service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3
ESTABLISHMENT CHARACTERISTIC
Goods producing 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service producing 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 to 99 workers 6 . . . . .
100 to 499 workers . . .
500 to 999 workers . . .
1,000 to 2,499 workers .
2,500 workers or more .
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.
GEOGRAPHIC REGION
New England . . . .
Middle Atlantic. . . .
East North Central .
West North Central
South Atlantic . . . .
East South Central.
West South Central
Mountain . . . . . . .
Pacific . . . . . . . . .
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15.06
17.20
19.48
20.99
24.09
15.03
16.78
18.57
20.71
24.99
17.32
20.67
22.56
21.73
23.23
34.5
36.4
36.9
36.6
36.9
34.5
36.4
37.1
36.6
36.4
36.5
35.7
36.1
36.6
37.5
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19.55
20.03
17.97
17.03
16.46
14.45
15.75
16.63
20.12
18.70
19.08
17.16
16.30
15.88
13.97
15.22
15.65
19.11
25.45
25.53
23.33
21.09
19.34
18.34
18.52
22.34
25.76
34.3
34.9
35.5
35.1
36.2
36.2
36.6
35.8
35.8
34.1
34.8
35.4
34.7
35.8
36.1
36.3
35.6
35.8
35.6
35.6
36.0
37.4
38.2
36.9
38.4
37.2
35.6
7
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1
Earnings are straight time hourly wages or salary, including incentive pay,
NA Not available.
X Not applicable.
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excludes premium pay for overtime, vacations and holidays, nonproduction bonuses
2
3
and tips.
Based on definition used by each establishment.
Workers whose wages are determined through collective
bargaining. 4 Time worker wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers wages are based at least in part
5
on productivity payments such as piece rates or commissions.
For private industry only. 6 Private establishments employing
1 to 99 workers and state and local government establishments employing 50 to 99 workers. 7 Composition of regions: NEW
ENGLAND: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. MIDDLE ATLANTIC: New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania. EAST NORTH CENTRAL: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin. WEST NORTH CENTRAL:
Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. SOUTH ATLANTIC: Delaware, Maryland, District
of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL: Kentucky,
Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. MOUNTAIN: Montana,
Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada. PACIFIC: Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, and Hawaii.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey: Occupational Wages in the United States, July 2003,
Bulletin 2568, September 2004. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/home.htm>.
426
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 630. Average Annual Wage by State: 2002 and 2003
[In dollars, except percent change. For workers covered by state unemployment insurance laws and for federal civilian workers
covered by unemployment compensation for federal employees, approximately 99 percent of wage and salary civilian employment
in 2002. Excludes most agricultural workers on small farms, all Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, railroad employees,
most domestic workers, most student workers at school, employees of certain nonprofit organizations, and most self-employed
individuals. Pay includes bonuses, stock options, cash value of meals and lodging, and tips and other gratuities]
United States. . .
Alabama . . . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
Arizona . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . .
Colorado . . . . . . . .
Connecticut . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . .
District of Columbia .
Florida . . . . . . . . .
Georgia . . . . . . . .
Hawaii . . . . . . . . .
Idaho . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana . . . . . . . . .
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky . . . . . . . .
Louisiana . . . . . . .
Maine . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts . . . .
Michigan . . . . . . . .
Minnesota . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . .
2002
2003
Percent
change,
2002-03
36,764
31,163
37,134
34,036
28,074
41,419
38,005
46,852
39,684
57,914
32,426
35,734
32,671
28,163
39,688
32,603
29,668
30,825
30,904
30,115
29,736
39,382
44,954
38,135
37,458
26,665
37,765
32,236
37,804
35,056
28,893
42,592
38,942
48,328
40,954
60,417
33,544
36,626
33,742
28,677
40,540
33,379
30,708
31,489
31,855
30,782
30,750
40,686
46,323
39,433
38,610
27,591
2.7
3.4
1.8
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.2
4.3
3.4
2.5
3.3
1.8
2.1
2.4
3.5
2.2
3.1
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.4
3.1
3.5
Average annual pay
State
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Missouri . . . . .
Montana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . .
New Mexico. . .
New York . . . .
North Carolina .
North Dakota . .
Ohio . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon . . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
South Dakota . .
Tennessee. . . .
Texas . . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . . .
Vermont . . . . .
Virginia . . . . . .
Washington . . .
West Virginia . .
Wisconsin . . . .
Wyoming. . . . .
2002
2003
Percent
change,
2002-03
33,118
26,001
29,448
33,993
36,176
45,182
29,431
46,328
32,689
26,550
34,214
28,654
33,684
35,808
34,810
30,003
26,360
32,531
36,248
30,585
31,041
37,222
38,242
28,612
32,464
28,975
33,788
26,907
30,382
35,329
37,321
46,351
30,202
47,247
33,532
27,628
35,153
29,699
34,450
36,995
36,415
30,750
27,210
33,581
36,968
31,106
32,086
38,585
39,021
29,284
33,425
29,924
2.0
3.5
3.2
3.9
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.0
2.6
4.1
2.7
3.6
2.3
3.3
4.6
2.5
3.2
3.2
2.0
1.7
3.4
3.7
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.3
Average annual pay
State
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ‘‘Employment and Wages, Annual Averages,’’ 2002 and 2003. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm>.
Table 631. Employment and Wages: 1995 to 2003
[(115,488 represents 115,488,000). See headnote, Table 630]
Employment and wages
Unit
Average annual employment:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding federal . . . . .
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government . . . . . .
Local governments . . . . .
Federal government . . . . .
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.
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Annual wages:
Total . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding federal .
Private . . . . . . . . .
State government . .
Local governments .
Federal government .
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1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
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115,488
112,540
96,895
4,202
11,442
2,948
124,184
121,401
105,082
4,241
12,078
2,783
127,042
124,256
107,619
4,297
12,340
2,787
129,877
127,006
110,015
4,370
12,620
2,871
129,636
126,883
109,305
4,452
13,126
2,753
128,234
125,475
107,577
4,485
13,413
2,759
127,796
125,032
107,066
4,482
13,484
2,764
dol.
dol.
dol.
dol.
dol.
dol.
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.
3,216
3,102
2,659
128
315
114
3,967
3,845
3,338
143
365
122
4,236
4,112
3,578
149
385
123
4,588
4,455
3,888
159
409
133
4,695
4,561
3,952
168
440
135
4,714
4,571
3,931
176
464
144
4,826
4,676
4,016
180
481
150
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Bil.
Bil.
Bil.
Bil.
Bil.
Bil.
Annual wage per employee:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding federal . . . .
Private . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government . . . . .
Local governments . . . .
Federal government . . . .
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Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
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27,846
27,567
27,441
30,497
27,552
38,523
31,945
31,676
31,762
33,605
30,251
43,688
33,340
33,094
33,244
34,681
31,234
44,287
35,323
35,077
35,337
36,296
32,387
46,228
36,219
35,943
36,157
37,814
33,521
48,940
36,764
36,428
36,539
39,212
34,605
52,050
37,765
37,401
37,508
40,057
35,669
54,239
Average weekly wage
per employee:
Total . . . . . . . . . . .
Excluding federal .
Private . . . . . . . . .
State government . .
Local governments .
Federal government .
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Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
Dol.
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536
530
528
586
530
741
614
609
611
646
582
840
641
636
639
667
601
852
679
675
680
698
623
889
697
691
695
727
645
941
707
701
703
754
665
1,001
726
719
721
770
686
1,043
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1995
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ‘‘Employment and Wages, Annual Averages, 2003’’. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov
/cew/home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
427
Table 632. Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers—Number and Earnings:
2000 to 2004
[In current dollars of usual weekly earnings. Data represent annual averages (101,210 represents 101,210,000). Occupational classifications are those used in the 2000 census; see text, this section. Based on the Current Population Survey; see text,
Section 1, and Appendix III. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Number of workers (1,000)
Characteristic
All workers
2
2000
.........................
2003
1
2004
Median weekly earnings (dol.)
1
2000
2003
1
2004
1
101,210
100,302
101,224
576
620
638
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57,107
6,770
50,337
56,227
6,158
50,069
57,001
6,243
50,758
641
375
693
695
398
744
713
400
762
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44,103
5,094
39,009
44,076
4,632
39,444
44,223
4,633
39,590
493
344
516
552
371
584
573
375
599
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83,228
48,085
35,143
81,916
47,001
34,916
82,468
47,495
34,972
590
662
502
636
715
567
657
732
584
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12,410
5,911
6,500
11,887
5,585
6,301
12,032
5,706
6,326
474
510
429
514
555
491
525
569
505
Asian 3 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,598
2,538
2,060
4,314
2,442
1,872
4,457
2,504
1,953
615
685
547
693
772
598
708
802
613
Hispanic origin 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12,761
8,077
4,684
13,634
8,677
4,957
14,061
8,996
5,065
399
417
366
440
464
410
456
480
419
SEX
RACE/ETHNICITY
OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations .
Management, business, and financial operations .
Management occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business and financial operations occupations .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
34,831
14,240
9,952
4,288
35,680
14,493
10,115
4,378
36,149
14,778
10,221
4,558
810
877
937
760
887
961
1,023
842
918
965
1,052
847
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and mathematical occupations . . . . . .
Architecture and engineering occupations . . . . .
Life, physical, and social science occupations . . .
Community and social services occupations . . . .
Legal occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education, training, and library occupations . . . .
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media . .
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20,590
3,051
2,781
989
1,641
1,039
5,467
1,488
4,134
21,186
2,790
2,487
1,085
1,814
1,024
5,884
1,473
4,630
21,371
2,793
2,500
1,073
1,846
1,111
5,941
1,426
4,680
770
938
949
811
629
919
704
724
727
845
1,049
1,053
891
686
1,051
754
745
816
883
1,114
1,098
957
707
1,070
781
768
852
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12,595
1,731
2,281
3,483
3,354
1,746
13,333
2,023
2,405
3,819
3,280
1,806
13,763
1,985
2,509
3,863
3,436
1,969
365
358
591
317
351
351
403
400
630
349
390
391
411
407
700
360
385
402
Sales and office occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations . . . . . . .
25,606
9,650
15,956
25,108
9,924
15,184
24,950
9,984
14,966
492
525
480
545
598
523
558
604
535
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
.
.
.
.
10,958
842
5,852
4,263
11,082
778
5,973
4,331
11,280
718
6,232
4,330
582
310
580
628
608
369
599
673
621
356
604
704
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . .
17,221
10,378
6,843
15,100
8,599
6,501
15,082
8,478
6,604
475
471
481
519
519
520
523
526
520
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare support occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and serving-related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .
Personal care and service occupations . . . . . . . .
1
See footnote 2, Table 576.
only. See footnote 3, table 577.
any race.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 Beginning 2003, for persons in this race group
4
5
Prior to 2003, includes Pacific Islanders.
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307, and Employment and Earnings, monthly, January 2005 issue and
unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
428
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 633. Workers With Earnings by Occupation of Longest Held
Job and Sex: 2003
[Covers persons 15 years old and over as of March 2004. (71,372 represents 71,372,000). Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. Occupational classifications
are those used in the 2000 Census and are not comparable to those used in the 1990 Census]
All workers
Major occupation of
longest job held in 2003
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and
financial occupations . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and
material moving occupations . . . . .
Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Full-time, year-round
Women
Men
Women
Median
Number earnings
(1,000)
(dol.)
Median
Number earnings
(1,000)
(dol.)
Median
Number earnings
(1,000)
(dol.)
Men
Number
(1,000)
Median
earnings
(dol.)
71,372
22,004
80,508
32,048
41,908
30,724
58,772
40,668
9,033
17,071
14,510
25,044
35,201
32,309
11,546
21,122
11,903
12,763
11,065
14,151
55,454
51,679
16,991
30,402
6,971
10,370
6,386
14,773
42,064
40,298
19,970
27,803
10,253
10,023
6,490
10,022
60,447
58,867
26,447
39,491
...
817
15,597
14,845
28,472
383
27,658
10,417
33,807
...
...
4,806
92
17,337
31,446
15,063
718
27,271
35,183
2,944
81
22,430
32,198
10,931
636
31,942
36,326
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Internet site <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032004/perinc/toc.htm>, Table PINC-06, ‘‘Occupation of Longest Job in 2003—People 15 years Old and Over, by Total Money Earnings in 2003, Work Experience in 2003, Race,
Hispanic Origin, and Sex’’ (accessed 2 March 2005).
Table 634. Employment Cost Index (ECI), Total Compensation by Occupation
and Industry: 1985 to 2004
[As of December. The ECI is a measure of the rate of change in employee compensation (wages, salaries, and employer costs
for employee benefits). Data are not seasonally adjusted: 1985 based on fixed employment counts from 1970 Census of
Population; 1990 based on fixed employment counts from the 1980 Census of Population; beginning 1995 based primarily on 1990
Occupational Employment Survey]
1985
Civilian workers 1 . . . . . . . .
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar occupations . . . . . . .
Blue-collar occupations . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . .
Workers, by industry division:
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmanufacturing 2 . . . . . . . . . .
Service industries . . . . . . . . . .
Public administration 3 . . . . . . .
State and local government.
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar occupations . . . . . . .
Blue-collar workers . . . . . . . . . . .
Workers, by industry division:
Service industries . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary and secondary . .
Colleges and universities . . .
Services, excluding schools 4 . .
Public administration 3 . . . . . . . . .
Private industry workers 5 . .
Workers, by occupational group:
White-collar occupations . . . . . . .
Blue-collar occupations . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . .
Workers, by industry division:
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmanufacturing 2 . . . . . . . . . .
Service industries 2 . . . . . . . . .
Business services . . . . . . . .
Health services . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . .
Workers by bargaining status:
Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent change for
12 months ending Dec.—
Indexes (June 1989 = 100)
Item
2004
1985
1990
1995
2000
2004
..
86.8 107.6 127.2 150.6 168.4 174.7
4.3
4.9
2.7
4.1
3.7
..
..
..
85.8 108.3 128.0 152.5 170.7 176.6
88.4 106.5 125.8 146.5 163.7 170.9
87.2 108.0 127.4 150.0 167.9 173.6
4.9
3.3
3.9
5.2
4.4
5.1
2.9
2.5
2.5
4.2
4.2
3.6
3.5
4.4
3.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
87.8 107.2 128.3 149.3 167.1 175.4
86.4 107.8 126.8 150.7 168.6 174.4
84.1 110.2 129.4 152.4 169.5 175.5
85.4 108.7 128.3 148.3 168.1 175.4
84.6 110.4 129.3 148.9 166.8 172.6
3.3
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.6
5.1
4.9
6.3
5.3
5.8
2.6
2.8
2.4
3.3
2.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
2.7
3.0
5.0
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.5
..
..
84.2 110.9 129.1 148.3 165.7 171.2
86.7 108.7 128.0 147.2 165.2 171.0
5.8
5.3
6.0
4.8
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
84.0 111.3 129.6
83.6 111.6 129.8
83.6 112.1 130.1
(NA) 110.2 128.7
85.2 110.2 129.4
85.4 108.7 128.3
87.3 107.0 126.7
170.8
170.3
169.2
173.2
173.8
175.4
175.2
5.9
6.2
6.4
(NA)
4.7
4.9
3.9
6.3
6.0
6.3
5.3
6.8
5.3
4.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.5
3.0
3.3
2.6
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.5
3.5
2.7
4.4
3.1
3.0
3.4
1.9
3.3
4.3
3.8
..
..
..
86.4 107.4 127.6 153.6 172.0 178.1
88.5 106.4 125.6 146.4 163.6 170.8
88.4 107.3 125.2 148.1 164.9 169.7
4.9
3.1
3.0
4.9
4.4
4.7
2.8
2.4
1.9
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.5
4.4
2.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
87.8
87.0
84.1
(NA)
83.7
(NA)
175.4
174.7
177.9
179.1
178.0
183.2
3.3
4.3
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
5.1
4.5
6.2
6.0
6.8
7.0
2.6
2.7
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.1
4.0
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.0
3.4
3.8
3.8
4.2
4.2
90.1 106.2 127.7 146.9 166.8 176.2
86.3 107.3 126.5 151.6 169.1 174.9
2.6
4.6
4.3
4.8
2.8
2.7
4.0
4.4
5.6
3.4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
1990
107.2
106.9
109.3
107.4
110.8
110.7
1995
128.3
125.9
129.4
126.3
132.2
131.3
2000
148.9
149.0
148.1
151.7
148.8
148.3
150.9
149.3
151.1
154.1
158.4
150.6
151.1
2003
165.7
165.3
163.7
170.0
168.2
168.1
168.8
167.1
169.0
171.4
172.6
170.8
175.9
NA Not available. 1 Includes private industry and state and local government workers and excludes farm, household, and
federal government workers. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3 Consists of executive, legislative, judicial,
4
Includes library, social, and health services. Formerly called hospitals and other
administrative, and regulatory activities.
services. 5 Excludes farm and household workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, News, Employment Cost Index, quarterly; and Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/
home.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
429
Table 635. Federal Minimum Wage Rates: 1950 to 2000
Year
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
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Current dollars
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0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.15
1.15
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.40
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
2.00
2.10
Year
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
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Current dollars
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2.30
2.30
2.65
2.90
3.10
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.80
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.75
5.15
5.15
5.15
5.15
Source: U.S. Employment Standards Administration, Internet site: <http://www.dol.gov/esa/whd/flsa/>.
Table 636. Workers Paid Hourly Rates by Selected Characteristics: 2004
[Data are annual averages (73,939 represents 73,939,000). For employed wage and salary workers. Based on Current
Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Number of workers
(1,000)
Characteristic
1
Percent of all workers
paid hourly rates
Total
paid
hourly
rates
Total
At $5.15
Below
$5.15
At or below $5.15
Median
hourly
earnings
At or below $5.15
of workers
Below paid hourly
rates 2
Total
At $5.15
$5.15
Total, 16 years and over 3
16 to 24 years . . . . .
16 to 19 years . . . .
25 years and over . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
73,939
16,174
5,433
57,765
2,003
1,022
497
982
520
272
168
249
1,483
750
329
733
2.7
6.3
9.1
1.7
0.7
1.7
3.1
0.4
2.0
4.6
6.1
1.3
11.00
7.98
7.00
12.23
Male, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years . . . . .
16 to 19 years . . . .
25 years and over . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
36,806
8,305
2,672
28,500
680
366
179
314
210
127
78
83
470
239
101
231
1.8
4.4
6.7
1.1
0.6
1.5
2.9
0.3
1.3
2.9
3.8
0.8
12.02
8.21
7.15
13.74
over.
....
....
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
37,133
7,869
2,761
29,265
1,323
655
319
668
310
145
90
166
1,013
510
229
502
3.6
8.3
11.6
2.3
0.8
1.8
3.3
0.6
2.7
6.5
8.3
1.7
10.17
7.71
6.86
11.23
White 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59,877
9,417
2,672
1,681
227
38
395
99
8
1,286
128
30
2.8
2.4
1.4
0.7
1.1
0.3
2.1
1.4
1.1
11.13
10.19
11.10
5
Women, 16 years and
16 to 24 years . . .
16 to 19 years . .
25 years and over .
..........
12,073
250
82
168
2.1
0.7
1.4
9.81
Full-time workers . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers 6 . . . . . . . .
55,739
18,046
760
1,240
177
343
583
897
1.4
6.9
0.3
1.9
1.0
5.0
12.12
8.09
Private sector industries . . . . .
Public sector . . . . . . . . . . . .
64,708
9,231
1,890
113
467
53
1,423
60
2.9
1.2
0.7
0.6
2.2
0.6
10.72
13.34
Hispanic origin
1
2
3
Excludes the incorporated self-employed.
For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation.
Includes races
not shown separately. Also includes a small number of multiple jobholders whose full- or part-time status can not be determined
for their principal job. 4 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 5 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin
may be of any race. 6 Working fewer than 35 hours per week.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 2005, and unpublished data. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cps.home.htm>.
430
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 637. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Per Hour Worked: 2004
[In dollars. As of March, for private industry workers. Based on a sample of establishments from the National Compensation
Survey; see source for details. See also Appendix III]
Employment size
Compensation
component
Total compensation .
Wages and salaries . . . . .
Total benefits . . . . . . . . .
Paid leave. . . . . . . . . .
Vacation . . . . . . . . .
Holiday . . . . . . . . . .
Sick . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplemental pay. . . . .
Insurance . . . . . . . . . .
Health insurance . . . .
Retirement and savings .
Defined benefit . . . . .
Defined contributions .
Total
Goods
producing 1
Service
producing 2
1 to 99
workers
100 or
more
workers
Union
workers
Nonunion
workers
Fulltime
workers
Parttime
workers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24.17
17.15
7.02
1.54
0.76
0.53
0.19
0.06
0.68
1.76
1.64
0.90
0.45
0.45
28.48
18.66
9.82
1.72
0.89
0.63
0.13
0.07
1.24
2.45
2.28
1.59
1.08
0.51
23.11
16.78
6.34
1.50
0.73
0.51
0.20
0.06
0.54
1.59
1.48
0.73
0.30
0.43
20.22
14.94
5.28
1.07
0.52
0.38
0.13
0.04
0.52
1.27
1.19
0.49
0.17
0.32
28.94
19.82
9.12
2.12
1.05
0.72
0.25
0.10
0.87
2.36
2.17
1.39
0.78
0.60
33.17
20.76
12.41
2.25
1.14
0.72
0.28
0.11
1.09
3.63
3.41
2.39
1.86
0.53
23.09
16.72
6.38
1.46
0.72
0.51
0.18
0.06
0.63
1.54
1.42
0.72
0.28
0.44
27.58
19.23
8.34
1.91
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
0.83
2.14
(NA)
1.11
(NA)
(NA)
13.17
10.41
2.75
0.38
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
0.18
0.53
(NA)
0.19
(NA)
(NA)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Legally required . . . . . . .
Social Security and
Medicare . . . . . . . . .
Social Security . . . .
Medicare . . . . . . . .
Federal unemployment.
State unemployment . .
Workers compensation.
Other benefits 3 . . . . . . .
..
2.10
2.73
1.95
1.92
2.32
2.95
2.00
2.30
1.46
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.43
1.15
0.28
0.03
0.16
0.48
0.04
1.61
1.29
0.31
0.03
0.20
0.89
0.08
1.39
1.12
0.28
0.03
0.15
0.37
0.03
1.24
0.99
0.24
0.04
0.15
0.50
-
1.67
1.34
0.33
0.03
0.17
0.45
0.07
1.80
1.45
0.35
0.03
0.22
0.90
0.11
1.39
1.12
0.28
0.03
0.15
0.43
0.03
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
0.05
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002
(NAICS). See text, this section. Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming and hunting
sector is excluded. 2 Based on the 2002 NAICS. Includes utilities; wholesale and retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of
companies and enterprises, administrative and waste services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodations and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3 Includes
severance pay, and supplemental unemployment benefits.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, News, USDL 05-1056, June 16, 2005.
See Intenet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm>.
Table 638. Employees With Employer- or Union-Provided Pension Plans or
Group Health Plans: 2001
[Total in thousands (151,608 represents 151,608,000). For wage and salary workers 15 years old and over as of March 2002.
Based on the Current Population Survey, Annual Demographic Survey, March Supplement; see text, Section 1, Population, and
Appendix III. Data based on 1990 population controls]
Percent—
Included
in
Total pension
(1,000)
plan
Occupation
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive, admin., managerial . . .
Professional specialty . . . . . . . . .
151,608
21,951
23,078
43.2
58.5
60.8
Technical/related support . . . . . . .
Sales workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Admin. support, inc. clerical . . . . .
4,894
18,236
20,449
55.3
32.7
47.3
Precision prod., craft/repair . . . . .
16,040
41.9
Mach. operators, assemblers 1 . . .
Transportation/material moving . . .
Handlers, equipment cleaners 2 . .
7,601
6,397
6,516
44.3
40.3
25.5
Service workers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21,941
860
21,080
22.8
3.5
23.5
Farming, forestry and fishing . . . .
3,853
11.9
Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
653
70.2
1
Includes inspectors.
2
With
group
health
plan
Total
(1,000)
Included
in
pension
plan
With
group
health
plan
.
.
.
.
.
151,608
24,593
71,281
50,230
5,504
43.2
12.7
47.0
54.7
23.6
53.7
21.9
58.5
63.7
42.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
151,608
122,001
100,379
13,177
8,445
29,607
14,094
6,187
9,326
43.2
50.1
54.5
36.7
19.0
14.4
19.1
15.8
6.4
53.7
62.4
67.1
49.8
26.2
17.9
22.9
19.2
9.6
.
.
.
.
.
44,717
19,311
19,777
8,467
59,336
17.2
37.4
50.2
56.4
60.4
29.6
54.1
62.9
65.9
67.0
Characteristic
53.7
AGE
68.9
Total . . . . . . . . . . .
67.3 15 to 24 years. . . . . . . .
25 to 44 years old . . . . .
65.4 45 to 64 years. . . . . . . .
43.8 65 years and over . . . . .
56.2
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked . . . . . . . . .
56.1 Full-time. . . . . . . . . . . .
50 weeks or more. . . .
60.5
27 to 49 weeks . . . . .
55.8
26 weeks or fewer . . .
38.8 Part-time . . . . . . . . . . .
50 weeks or more. . . .
33.4
27 to 49 weeks . . . . .
9.6
26 weeks or fewer . . .
34.4
EMPLOYER SIZE
Under 25 persons . . . . .
22.2 25 to 99 persons . . . . . .
100 to 499 persons . . . .
36.2 500 to 999 persons . . . .
Over 1,000 persons . . . .
Includes helpers and laborers.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Pension Plan Coverage of Workers by Selected Characteristic, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin
and Poverty Status: 2001,’’ and ‘‘All Workers and Poor Workers With Their Own Employment-Based Health Insurance Policy, by
Employer Contribution and Selected Characteristics: 2001.’’ See Internet site <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032002/noncash
/toc.htm>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
431
432
Table 639. Percent of Workers With Access to Selected Employee Benefits in Private Industry: 2004
[As of March. Based on National Compensation Survey, a sample survey of 4,703 private industry establishments of all sizes, representing over 102 million workers; see Appendix III. See also Tables 145 and 147]
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
Employer assistance for child care
Characteristic
On-site
and
off-site
child care
Child care
resource
and
referral
Adoption
services assistance
Long-term
care
insurance
Flexible
work
plans 1
Employerprovided
home
personal
computer
Subsidized
commuting 2
Paid
holidays
Paid
vacation
Paid
jury duty
Paid
military
leave
Total
Employerprovided
funds
77
77
70
49
14
3
5
10
9
11
4
3
5
White-collar occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blue-collar occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
81
48
83
80
58
80
66
47
58
43
33
19
8
9
4
2
2
7
2
4
14
6
4
13
6
2
17
6
4
7
1
1
4
1
1
7
3
2
Full-time 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
37
90
35
77
44
54
31
16
8
4
1
6
3
11
5
11
4
13
5
5
2
3
1
6
2
Union 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonunion 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
76
85
77
83
68
56
48
16
13
3
3
6
5
15
9
12
9
13
11
2
5
2
3
6
5
Average wage less than $15 per hour . . . . . . . .
Average wage $15 per hour or more . . . . . . . . .
68
88
70
88
60
83
41
61
8
22
2
5
3
8
5
16
5
15
6
18
2
8
1
5
2
8
ESTABLISHMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Goods producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
74
85
75
73
69
53
48
12
14
3
3
3
6
10
10
9
9
10
12
3
5
3
2
4
5
1 to 99 workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100 or more workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
86
71
86
57
84
37
63
4
25
1
5
2
9
3
18
3
16
4
20
4
5
1
4
2
8
79
80
78
73
77
76
77
71
74
75
82
78
72
79
77
77
74
76
78
77
71
65
71
69
67
66
61
59
54
51
46
50
43
48
47
41
17
16
15
16
11
9
14
16
11
2
4
3
2
4
3
2
3
3
9
5
6
9
4
4
4
3
3
14
11
11
7
8
5
10
13
9
14
12
10
7
9
4
9
8
7
14
13
12
6
11
7
13
10
13
4
6
5
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
11
7
2
4
2
3
4
6
8
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WORKER CHARACTERISTICS
5
GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
New England division . . . . .
Middle Atlantic division . . . .
East North Central division .
West North Central division .
South Atlantic division . . . . .
East South Central division .
West South Central division .
Mountain division . . . . . . . .
Pacific division. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
1
Arrangements permitting employees to work at home several days of the workweek. 2 Employers subsidize employees’ cost of commuting to and from work via public transportation, company-sponsored van
pool, discounted subway fares, etc. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are
determined through collective bargaining. 5 For composition of divisions, see map, inside front cover.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employee Benefits in Private Industry in the United States, March 2004, Summary 04-04, November 2004. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/home.htm>.
Table 640. Workers Killed or Disabled on the Job: 1970 to 2003
[Data for 2003 are preliminary estimates (13.8 represents 13,800). Excludes homicides and suicides. Estimates based on data
from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, state vital statistics departments, state industrial commissions and beginning
1995, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Occupational Fatalities. Numbers of workers based on data from the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics]
Deaths, 2003
Deaths
Total
Year
Number
(1,000)
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Manufacturing
1
Rate
13.8
13.0
13.2
11.5
10.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.5
Nonmanufacturing
Number
(1,000)
18
15
13
11
9
4
4
4
3
3
Rate
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
Number
(1,000)
1
9
9
8
6
5
3
3
3
3
3
Rate
12.1
11.4
11.5
10.3
9.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.0
1
Disabling
injuries 2
(mil.)
21
17
15
12
9
4
4
4
3
3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.4
Disabling
injuries
2003 2
(1,000)
Year and industry group
Number
3
Total . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture 4. . . . . . . .
Mining and quarrying 5.
Construction . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . .
Transportation and . . .
utilities . . . . . . . . . .
Trade 6 . . . . . . . . . . .
Services 7 . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Rate
1
4,500
710
120
1,060
490
3.2
20.9
22.3
11.4
2.8
3,400
110
20
390
460
770
380
550
420
10.0
1.3
1.1
2.0
320
710
890
500
1
Per 100,000 workers. 2 Disabling injury defined as one which results in death, some degree of physical impairment, or
renders the person unable to perform regular activities for a full day beyond the day of the injury. Due to change in methodology,
data beginning 1990 not comparable with prior years. 3 Includes deaths where industry is not known. 4 Includes forestry and
fishing. 5 Includes oil and gas extraction. 6 Includes wholesale and retail trade. 7 Includes finance, insurance, and real estate.
Source: National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, Accident Facts, annual through 1998 edition; thereafter, Injury Facts, annual
(copyright).
Table 641. Worker Deaths, Injuries, and Production Time Lost: 1995 to 2003
[45.7 represents 45,700. Data may not agree with Table 640 because data here are not revised]
Deaths
(1,000)
Disabling injuries
(mil.)
1
Item
Production time lost
(mil. days)
In the current year
All accidents. . . . . . .
On the job . . . . . . . . . .
Off the job. . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle . . . . . . . .
Public nonmotor vehicle .
Home . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
In future years
2
1995
2000
2003
1995
2000
2003
1995
2000
2003
1995
2000
2003
45.7
5.3
40.4
22.9
7.5
10.0
47.0
5.2
41.8
22.8
8.3
10.7
46.8
4.5
42.3
23.1
7.2
12.0
9.9
3.6
6.3
1.2
2.3
2.8
10.5
3.9
6.6
1.2
2.8
2.6
9.9
3.4
6.5
1.2
2.4
2.9
225
75
150
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
240
80
160
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
230
70
160
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
455
65
390
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
460
60
400
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
460
55
405
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 640 for a definition of disabling injuries. 2 Based on an average of 5,850 days
lost in future years per fatality and 565 days lost in future years per permanent injury.
Source: National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, Accident Facts, annual through 1998 edition; thereafter, Injury Facts, annual
(copyright).
Table 642. Industries With the Highest Total Case Incidence Rates for Nonfatal
Injuries and Illnesses: 2003
[Rates per 100 full-time employees. Rates refer to any OSHA-recordable occupational injury or illness, whether or not it resulted
in days away from work, job transfer, or restriction. Incidence rates were calculated as: Number of injuries and illnesses divided
by total hours worked by all employees during the year multiplied by 200,000 as base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year)]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Private industry
2
..............
Light truck and utility vehicle mfg.. . . . . .
Bottled water manufacturing . . . . . . . . .
Iron foundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel foundries, except investment . . . . .
Manufactured home, mobile home, mfg. .
Truss manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutlery & flatware, except precious, mfg. .
Motorhome manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Vitreous china table and kitchenware . . .
Soft drink manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck trailer manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . .
Refrigerated warehousing and storage . .
Animal, except poultry, slaughtering . . . .
Couriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
(X)
336112
312112
331511
331513
321991
321214
332111
332211
336213
327111
312111
336212
336111
49312
311611
4921
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Rate
5.0 Sugarcane mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal mfg. . . . . . . . .
18.0 Motor vehicle metal stamping . . . . . . . . .
16.7 Amusement parks and arcades . . . . . . . .
16.0 Framing contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.2 Aluminum die-casting foundries . . . . . . . .
14.9 Scheduled air transportation . . . . . . . . . .
14.7 Ship building and repairing . . . . . . . . . . .
14.7 Rendering & meat by-product processing. .
14.6 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg. . . . . .
14.0 Wood window and door manufacturing . . .
13.9 Other fabricated wire product mfg. . . . . . .
13.8 Industrial & commercial fan & blower mfg. .
13.6 Meat processed from carcasses. . . . . . . .
13.3 Enameled iron & metal sanitary ware
13.1 manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.9 Overhead traveling crane, hoist, and
12.8 monorail system manufacturing . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Rate
311311
332312
33637
7131
23813
331521
4811
336611
311613
332919
321911
332618
333412
311612
12.7
12.3
12.2
12.2
12.0
11.7
11.7
11.5
11.4
11.4
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.2
. 332998
11.2
. 333923
11.2
X Not applicable. 1 Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002 (NAICS). See text, this section.
Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 2003. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/>.
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
433
Table 643. Nonfatal Occupational Injury and Illness Incidence Rates: 2003
[Rates per 100 full-time employees. Except as noted, rates refer to any Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
recordable occupational injury or illness, whether or not it resulted in days away from work, job transfer, or restriction. Incidence
rates were calculated as: Number of injuries and illnesses divided by total hours worked by all employees during the year multiplied
by 200,000 as base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours, per week, 50 weeks per year)]
Industry
Private industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods producing 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources and mining 2, 3 . . . . . . .
Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting 2, 4 . .
Crop production 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal production 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forestry and logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for agriculture & forestry .
Mining 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction . . .
Specialty trade contractors . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverage and tobacco product mfg . . . . . .
Textile mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied product mfg . . . . . . . . .
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products mfg . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral product mfg . . . . . . . .
Primary metal manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal product mfg . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment manufacturing . . .
Furniture and related product mfg . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .
Service providing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities 5 . . . . .
Wholesale trade 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods .
Retail trade 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . .
2002
NAICS
code 1
Rate
(X)
(X)
(X)
11
111
112
113
115
21
(X)
236
237
238
(X)
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
323
326
327
331
332
333
5.0
6.7
5.1
6.2
6.1
8.2
6.2
5.5
3.3
6.8
5.7
6.5
7.3
6.8
8.6
10.7
5.0
5.5
3.6
7.8
10.0
4.5
7.4
7.9
9.6
8.5
6.9
335
336
337
339
(X)
(X)
42
424
44-45
441
442
Industry
6.1
9.3
8.7
5.0
4.4
5.5
4.7
5.7
5.3
5.1
5.2
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing 4, 5 . . . .
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation . . . .
Couriers and messengers . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate & rental & leasing . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services . . .
Professional, scientific, and technical
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies & enterprises
Administrative & support & waste
management & remediation services. . .
Waste mgmt and remediation services.
Education and health services . . . . . . .
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care & social assistance 4 . . . . . .
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing & residential care facilities . . . .
Leisure and hospitality . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 4. . . .
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, & recreation
industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services . . . . .
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2002
NAICS
code 1
Rate
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
444
445
452
454
48-49
481
484
6.4
6.8
7.2
5.6
7.8
11.0
6.8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
485
488
492
493
22
(X)
(X)
52
53
(X)
6.4
5.6
12.1
10.1
4.4
2.2
1.7
1.1
3.9
2.5
. . 54
. . 55
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
56
562
(X)
61
62
622
623
(X)
71
1.3
3.0
4.0
8.3
6.0
2.7
6.5
8.7
10.1
5.1
5.9
. . 711
6.7
.
.
.
.
5.8
5.0
6.7
3.4
.
.
.
.
713
72
721
(X)
1
2
North American Industry Classification System, 2002; see text, this section.
Excludes farms with fewer than 11
employees. 3 Data for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health
Administration (MHSA), U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractors are excluded. Data provided by MSHA do not
reflect 2002 OSHA recordkeeping requirements; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for
other industries. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 5 Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided
to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Data do not reflect the 2002 OSHA
recordkeeping requirements; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for other industries.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 2003. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/>.
Table 644. Fatal Work Injuries by Event or Exposure: 2003
[See headnote, Table 645]
Number
of
fatalities
Percent
distribution
5,575
100
.......
.......
2,364
1,353
42
24
.......
.......
648
321
12
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
347
211
337
69
43
6
4
6
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
902
632
487
58
218
16
11
9
1
4
Cause
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Transportation accidents . . . .
Highway accidents 1 . . . . . .
Collision between vehicles,
mobile equipment . . . . . .
Noncollision accidents. . . .
Nonhighway accident (farm,
industrial premises) . . . . . .
Aircraft accidents. . . . . . . . .
Workers struck by a vehicle. .
Water vehicle accidents . . . .
Railway accidents . . . . . . . .
Assaults and violent acts
Homicides 1 . . . . . . .
Shooting. . . . . . . .
Stabbing. . . . . . . .
Self-inflicted injury . . .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Number
of
fatalities
Percent
distribution
1
...
....
....
....
913
531
324
57
16
10
6
1
....
....
238
126
4
2
Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
696
12
.....
.....
486
246
9
4
.....
.....
.....
122
73
52
2
1
1
Fires and explosions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other events and exposures . . . . . . . . . .
198
16
4
(Z)
Cause
Contacts with objects and equipment
Struck by object 1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Struck by falling objects. . . . . .
Struck by flying object . . . . . . .
Caught in or compressed by—
Equipment or objects . . . . . . . .
Collapsing materials . . . . . . . . .
Exposure to harmful substances or
environments 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contact with electric current . . .
Exposure to caustic, noxious
or allergenic substances . . . . .
Oxygen deficiency . . . . . . . . . .
Drowning, submersion. . . . . .
Includes other causes, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)—Current and Revised Data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoi1.htm>.
434
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 645. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Industry and Event or Exposure:
2003
[For the 50 states and DC. Based on the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. For details, see source. Due to methodological
differences, data differ from National Safety Council data]
2002
NAICS
code
Industry
Total, 2003 . . . . . . . . . .
Private industry . . . . . . . . .
Goods producing . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources and mining . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service providing . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation & warehousing .
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . .
Real estate and renting and
leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional & business services
Professional and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administration and waste
management services . . . . .
Education and health services . .
Education services . . . . . . . .
Health and social assistance . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Event or exposure—Percent distribution
1
Trans- Assaults/ Contact
violent
with
Fatali- portation
acts objects 3
ties 2 incidents
(X)
(X)
(X)
11,21
23
31-33
(X)
42, 44-45, 48-49, 22
42
44-45
48-49
22
51
52, 53
52
ExpoFalls sure 4 Rate
5
5,575
5,043
2,401
850
1,131
420
2,642
1,375
191
344
808
32
64
129
45
42
41
34
47
26
28
47
59
48
24
77
34
61
36
49
16
16
6
7
3
10
25
22
12
57
9
9
13
37
36
16
18
26
30
20
31
10
9
21
7
7
13
8
-
13
13
19
5
32
9
8
5
8
7
3
11
11
7
9
9
12
7
16
11
6
4
6
4
2
28
11
6
-
4
4
8
31
12
2
3
5
4
2
18
4
2
1
1
84
453
29
38
38
13
10
18
13
15
8
12
3
3
. . . 53
. . . 54, 55, 56
. . . 54
97
54
25
3
8
6
1
356
143
41
102
275
34
55
78
46
22
10
19
25
54
23
4
4
4
17
13
10
15
9
13
8
11
7
7
1
1
1
2
. . . 71
88
34
30
10
11
9
4
. . . 72
. . . 81
. . . 92
187
194
532
16
21
60
66
37
19
17
5
8
9
6
6
8
8
2
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
56
61, 62
61
62
71, 72
- No data reported or data do not meet publication standards. X Not applicable. 1 North American Industry Classification
System, 2002. See text, this section. 2 Includes 9 fatalities in service-producing private industries in 2003 for which there was
insufficient information to determine industry classification. Includes fatalities caused by other events and exposures, not shown
3
4
5
Includes equipment.
Exposure to harmful substances or environments.
Rate per 100,000 employed
separately.
civilians 16 years old and over.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)—Current and Revised Data.’’ See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoil.htm>.
Table 646. Work Stoppages: 1960 to 2004
[896 represents 896,000. Excludes work stoppages involving fewer than 1,000 workers and lasting less than 1 day. Information
is based on reports of labor disputes appearing in daily newspapers, trade journals, and other public sources. The parties to the
disputes are contacted by telephone, when necessary, to clarify details of the stoppages]
Days idle
Year
1960
1965
1970
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Days idle
Number
of stoppages 1
Workers
involved 2
(1,000)
Number 3
(1,000)
Percent
estimated
working
time 4
222
268
381
250
317
424
235
231
298
219
235
187
145
96
81
62
54
69
896
999
2,468
975
1,400
1,796
965
1,519
1,212
1,006
1,021
795
729
656
909
376
324
533
13,260
15,140
52,761
16,764
16,260
31,809
17,563
23,962
21,258
23,774
20,409
20,844
16,908
9,061
17,461
8,499
7,079
11,861
0.09
0.10
0.29
0.09
0.08
0.16
0.09
0.12
0.10
0.11
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.05
Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Number
of stoppages 1
Workers
involved 2
(1,000)
46
40
51
44
40
35
35
45
31
37
29
34
17
39
29
19
14
17
174
118
452
185
392
364
182
322
192
273
339
387
73
394
99
46
129
171
Number 3
(1,000)
Percent
estimated
working
time 4
5
4,481
5
4,381
16,996
5,926
4,584
3,989
3,981
5,020
5,771
4,889
4,497
5,116
1,996
20,419
1,151
660
4,091
3,344
0.02
0.02
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.06
(Z)
(Z)
0.01
0.01
Z Less than 0.005 percent. 1 Beginning in year indicated. 2 Workers counted more than once if involved in more than one
3
Resulting from all stoppages in effect in a year, including those that began in an earlier year.
stoppage during the year.
4
Agricultural and government employees are included in the total working time; private household and forestry and fishery
employees are excluded. 5 Revised since originally published.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Major Work Stoppages in 2004, News, USDL 05-598, April 8, 2005. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/cba/>.
Labor Force, Employment and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
435
Table 647. Labor Union Membership by Sector: 1983 to 2004
[See headnote, Table 640. (17,717.4 represents 17,717,400)]
Sector
TOTAL (1,000)
Wage and salary workers:
Union members . . . . .
Covered by unions . . .
Public sector workers:
Union members. . . .
Covered by unions. .
Private sector workers:
Union members. . . .
Covered by unions. .
PERCENT
Wage and salary workers:
Union members . . . . .
Covered by unions . . .
Public sector workers:
Union members. . . .
Covered by unions. .
Private sector workers:
Union members. . . .
Covered by unions. .
1983
2003
2004
. . . 17,717.4 16,996.1 16,739.8 16,359.6 16,258.2 16,288.8 15,978.7 15,776.0
. . . 20,532.1 19,358.1 19,057.8 18,346.3 17,944.1 17,878.1 17,501.6 17,448.4
15,471.6
17,087.3
...
...
1985
5,737.2
7,112.2
5,743.1
6,920.6
1990
6,485.0
7,691.4
1995
2000
2001
2002
6,927.4
7,986.6
7,110.5
7,975.6
7,147.5
7,975.4
7,327.2
8,131.9
7,324.1
8,184.7
7,267.1
8,131.1
. . . 11,980.2 11,253.0 10,254.8 9,432.1
. . . 13,419.9 12,437.5 11,366.4 10,359.8
9,147.7
9,968.5
9,141.3
9,902.7
8,651.5
9,369.7
8,451.8
9,263.7
8,204.5
8,956.2
...
...
20.1
23.3
18.0
20.5
16.1
18.3
14.9
16.7
13.5
14.9
13.5
14.8
13.3
14.6
12.9
14.3
12.5
13.8
...
...
36.7
45.5
35.7
43.1
36.5
43.3
37.7
43.5
37.5
42.0
37.4
41.7
37.8
41.9
37.2
41.5
36.4
40.7
...
...
16.5
18.5
14.3
15.9
11.9
13.2
10.3
11.3
9.0
9.8
9.0
9.7
8.6
9.3
8.2
9.0
7.9
8.6
Source: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Washington, DC, Union Membership and Earnings Data Book: Compilations from
the Current Population Survey (2005 edition), (copyright by BNA PLUS); authored by Barry Hirsch of Trinity University, San Antonio,
TX and David Macpherson of Florida State University. Internet sites <http://www.bna.com/bnaplus/labor/laborrpts.html> and
<http://www.unionstats.com>.
Table 648. Union Members by Selected Characteristics: 2004
[Annual averages of monthly data (123,554 represents 123,554,000). Covers employed wage and salary workers 16 years old
and over. Excludes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and
salary workers. Based on Current Population Survey, see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Employed wage and
salary workers
3
(dol.)
Percent
Characteristic
Total 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private sector industry . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities . . . . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities 7. . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services 7
Education and health services 7. . . .
Leisure and hospitality 7 . . . . . . . . .
Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median usual weekly earnings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Total
(1,000)
Union
members 1
Represented by
unions 2
Total
Union
members 1
Represented by
unions 2
Not represented by
unions
123,554
19,109
28,202
30,470
28,039
14,239
3,495
64,145
59,408
101,340
53,432
47,908
14,090
6,409
7,681
5,280
2,815
2,465
16,533
9,857
6,676
103,584
1,023
496
7,550
15,754
18,754
4,893
3,058
8,490
10,815
16,870
10,326
5,556
19,970
12.5
4.7
10.6
13.7
17.0
16.8
7.5
13.8
11.1
12.2
13.6
10.7
15.1
16.9
13.6
11.4
11.7
11.1
10.1
10.3
9.9
7.9
2.2
11.4
14.7
12.9
5.5
24.9
14.2
2.0
2.3
8.3
3.1
2.8
36.4
13.8
5.3
11.8
15.1
18.7
18.4
9.0
15.0
12.5
13.5
14.7
12.1
16.7
18.5
15.2
12.7
13.2
12.1
11.4
11.5
11.4
8.6
2.9
11.7
15.4
13.9
5.9
26.3
15.4
2.5
2.8
9.4
3.6
3.3
40.7
638
390
604
713
743
725
560
713
573
657
732
584
525
569
505
708
802
613
456
480
419
615
403
874
618
662
550
711
828
706
709
613
407
528
751
781
498
724
813
834
835
728
829
723
808
855
738
656
679
629
765
775
756
679
697
623
739
(B)
905
893
694
596
854
893
657
679
717
518
749
832
776
494
717
808
831
835
744
828
719
802
854
734
651
679
621
774
786
762
670
690
616
734
(B)
911
884
692
590
850
887
649
694
728
508
750
827
612
385
590
690
718
693
520
685
541
626
704
557
507
534
490
691
809
594
428
455
401
604
402
865
588
654
547
662
808
708
710
603
402
521
683
B Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 1 Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a labor
union. 2 Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation
but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3 For full-time employed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes races not shown separately. Also includes a small number of multiple jobholders whose full- and part-time status can
not be determined for their principal job. 5 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 577. 6 Persons of Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. 7 For composition of industries, see Table 613.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 2005. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov
/cps/home.htm>.
436
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 649. Labor Union Membership by State: 1983 and 2004
[Annual averages of monthly figures (17,717.4 represents 17,717,400). For wage and salary workers in agriculture and nonagriculture. Data represent union members by place of residence. Based on the Current Population Survey and subject to sampling error. For methodological details, see source]
Percent of workers
Union members
(1,000)
State
1983
United States. . . . .
Alabama 1.
Alaska . . .
Arizona 1 .
Arkansas 1
California .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2004
17,717.4 15,471.60
Workers covered by
unions (1,000)
Union members
1983
Covered by
unions
Private
sector union
members
2004
1983
2004
1983
2004
1983
20,532.1 17,087.30
20.1
12.5
23.3
13.8
16.5
2004
7.9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
228.2
41.7
125.0
82.2
2,118.9
181.3
53.9
145.3
50.9
2,384.7
268.2
49.2
156.4
103.2
2,505.2
213.1
60.0
183.2
65.3
2,587.6
16.9
24.9
11.4
11.0
21.9
9.7
20.1
6.3
4.8
16.5
19.8
29.3
14.3
13.8
25.9
11.5
22.4
7.9
6.2
18.0
15.3
17.3
8.6
10.2
17.7
5.7
10.9
3.9
3.2
9.4
Colorado. . . . . . . .
Connecticut . . . . . .
Delaware . . . . . . .
District of Columbia
Florida 1 . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
177.9
314.0
49.2
52.4
393.7
172.0
234.7
46.1
32.7
414.2
209.6
345.1
54.1
69.4
532.9
191.3
255.8
49.2
37.5
532.9
13.6
22.7
20.1
19.5
10.2
8.4
15.3
12.4
12.7
6.0
16.0
25.0
22.1
25.9
13.8
9.3
16.6
13.2
14.5
7.7
11.2
16.7
15.9
15.2
7.1
5.2
7.3
7.7
8.8
2.8
Georgia 1
Hawaii . .
Idaho 1 . .
Illinois . .
Indiana . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
267.0
112.6
41.3
1,063.8
503.3
242.2
126.4
32.8
908.3
310.7
345.1
124.9
53.7
1,205.1
544.5
282.3
132.2
44.4
970.6
337.5
11.9
29.2
12.5
24.2
24.9
6.4
23.7
5.8
16.8
11.4
15.3
32.4
16.2
27.4
27.0
7.5
24.8
7.9
17.9
12.4
11.1
21.9
10.3
21.5
25.0
4.3
16.2
3.7
12.1
9.0
Iowa 1 . . .
Kansas 1 .
Kentucky .
Louisiana 1
Maine. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
185.9
125.2
223.7
204.2
88.0
141.0
103.0
163.7
129.3
63.7
231.3
170.4
259.8
267.8
100.4
170.7
131.7
197.2
157.2
74.4
17.2
13.7
17.9
13.8
21.0
10.5
8.4
9.6
7.6
11.3
21.5
18.7
20.8
18.1
24.0
12.7
10.8
11.6
9.3
13.2
14.6
12.2
18.2
11.0
14.2
7.2
6.1
7.5
4.8
5.9
Maryland . . . .
Massachusetts.
Michigan. . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
Mississippi 1 . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
346.5
603.2
1,005.4
393.9
79.4
272.0
393.3
929.8
424.2
52.9
423.1
661.4
1,084.6
439.4
99.7
312.9
429.9
965.6
443.4
70.1
18.5
23.7
30.4
23.2
9.9
10.9
13.5
21.6
17.5
4.8
22.6
26.0
32.8
25.9
12.5
12.5
14.7
22.4
18.3
6.3
14.4
17.6
25.3
17.1
9.0
6.0
7.7
15.9
11.1
4.0
Missouri . . . . . .
Montana . . . . . .
Nebraska 1 . . . .
Nevada 1 . . . . .
New Hampshire .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
374.4
49.5
80.6
90.0
48.5
314.8
42.7
69.2
126.0
60.9
416.7
55.5
94.8
106.7
60.8
356.5
46.1
83.3
143.9
68.3
20.8
18.3
13.6
22.4
11.5
12.4
11.7
8.3
12.5
9.9
23.2
20.5
16.0
26.6
14.4
14.0
12.6
10.0
14.3
11.0
21.5
14.8
9.7
19.6
7.5
10.9
5.5
5.0
10.0
4.8
New Jersey . . . .
New Mexico . . .
New York . . . . .
North Carolina 1 .
North Dakota 1. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
822.1
52.6
2,155.6
178.7
28.4
744.8
49.0
1,995.8
97.0
22.4
918.2
70.6
2,385.9
238.1
35.1
813.5
65.3
2,084.6
126.5
26.2
26.9
11.8
32.5
7.6
13.2
19.8
6.7
25.3
2.7
7.7
30.0
15.8
36.0
10.2
16.3
21.6
8.9
26.4
3.6
9.0
21.1
10.1
24.0
5.4
9.5
11.6
3.4
15.1
1.6
4.1
Ohio . . . . . .
Oklahoma 2 . .
Oregon. . . . .
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,011.0
131.5
222.9
1,195.7
85.8
758.6
86.2
223.5
792.7
79.4
1,125.0
168.2
261.9
1,350.0
93.7
820.3
100.2
243.2
841.7
82.6
25.1
11.5
22.3
27.5
21.5
15.2
6.1
15.2
15.0
16.3
27.9
14.7
26.2
31.1
23.5
16.4
7.1
16.5
15.9
17.0
22.5
9.1
16.4
23.2
13.7
10.5
3.5
8.1
9.7
8.8
South Carolina 1
South Dakota 1 .
Tennessee 1 . . .
Texas 1. . . . . . .
Utah 1 . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
69.6
26.8
252.4
583.7
81.6
53.5
20.8
164.2
457.3
57.5
100.6
34.8
300.9
712.8
100.9
74.3
26.8
191.0
572.8
66.6
5.9
11.5
15.1
9.7
15.2
3.0
6.0
6.7
5.0
5.8
8.6
14.9
18.0
11.9
18.9
4.2
7.7
7.7
6.3
6.7
3.9
8.0
12.4
8.1
11.3
2.6
2.9
4.9
2.7
2.9
Vermont . . . .
Virginia 1 . . .
Washington . .
West Virginia .
Wisconsin . . .
Wyoming 1 . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25.9
268.3
419.9
142.7
465.5
27.1
28.7
176.1
509.8
99.4
414.3
17.8
31.5
346.1
499.7
160.6
526.7
31.8
33.3
217.8
535.7
109.6
439.1
21.9
12.6
11.7
27.1
25.3
23.8
13.9
9.8
5.3
19.3
14.2
16.0
8.0
15.3
15.1
32.3
28.5
26.9
16.2
11.4
6.6
20.3
15.7
16.9
9.8
6.7
10.2
22.0
26.1
19.8
10.4
4.2
3.4
13.2
10.5
10.4
5.3
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Right to work state.
2
Passed right to work law in 2001.
Source: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Washington, DC, Union Membership and Earnings Data Book: Compilations from
the Current Population Survey (2004 edition), (copyright by BNA PLUS); authored by Barry Hirsch of Trinity University, San Antonio,
TX, and David Macpherson of Florida State University. Internet site <http://www.bna.com/bnaplus/labor/laborrpts.html>. and
<http://www.unionstats.com>
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
437