Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1889 Edition.
218
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Section 6
Geography and Environment
This section presents a variety of information on the physical environment of the
United States, starting with basic area
measurement data and ending with climatic data for selected weather stations
around the country. The subjects covered
between those points are mostly concerned with environmental trends but
include related subjects such as land use,
water consumption, air pollutant emissions, toxic releases, oil spills, hazardous
waste sites, municipal waste and recycling, threatened and endangered wildlife,
and the environmental industry.
The information in this section is selected
from a wide range of federal agencies
that compile the data for various administrative or regulatory purposes, such as
the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and General Services Administration (GSA). New information on hazardous waste generation
and shipment by state and federal funding for several environmental programs
may be found in Tables 370 and 371.
data through the Earth Sciences Information Center, water resources data through
the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX), and a variety of research and OpenFile reports which are announced monthly
in New Publications of the USGS.
In a joint project with the U.S. Census
Bureau, during the 1980s, the USGS provided the basic information on geographic features for input into a national
geographic and cartographic database
prepared by the Census Bureau, called
TIGER® database. Since then, using a variety of sources, the Census Bureau has
updated these features and their related
attributes (names, descriptions, etc.) and
inserted current information on the
boundaries, names, and codes of legal
and statistical geographic entities; very
few of these updates added aerial water
features. Maps prepared by the Census
Bureau using the TIGER® database show
the names and boundaries of entities and
are available on a current basis.
Area—For the 2000 census, area measurements were calculated by computer
based on the information contained in a
single, consistent geographic database,
the Topologically Integrated Geographic
Encoding & Referencing system (TIGER®)
database, rather than relying on historical, local, and manually calculated information. Information from the 2000 census may be found in Table 346.
The U.S. Census Bureau uses the Boundary and Annexation Survey to maintain a
current inventory of government units
and their legal boundaries. The information is available to the public online.
There are also several series of maps for
Census 2000: P.L. County Block Maps,
Census Tract Outline Maps, and Voting
District/State Legislative District Outline
Maps. These maps can be obtained online
via the American Fact-Finder®.
Geography—The USGS conducts investigations, surveys, and research in the
fields of geography, geology, topography,
geographic information systems, mineralogy, hydrology, and geothermal energy
resources as well as natural hazards. The
USGS provides United States cartographic
An inventory of the nation’s land
resources by type of use/cover was conducted by the National Resources Inventory Conservation Service every 5 years
beginning in 1977. The most recent survey results, which were published in the
1997 National Resources Inventory, cover
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
219
all nonfederal land in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the United States except
Alaska. Tables 349 to 351 provide results
from the survey. Beginning with the
release of the 2001 estimates, this program will shift to become an annual
release of land use data.
Environment —The principal federal
agency responsible for pollution abatement and control activities is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is
responsible for establishing and monitoring national air quality standards, water
quality activities, solid and hazardous
waste disposal, and control of toxic substances. Many of these series now appear
in the Envirofacts portion of the EPA Web
site at <http://www.epa.gov/enviro/>. In
2003, EPA released a major compilation of
environmental indicators, entitled Draft
Report on the Environment: 2003, found
at <http://www.epa.govindicators/roe
/htm/roeTOC.htm>. A new series of
reports (technical, public, and electronic)
are planned for 2006.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for suspended particulate matter,
sulfur dioxide, photochemical oxidants,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide
were originally set by the EPA in April
1971. Every 5 years, each of the NAAQS is
reviewed and revised to include any additional or new health or welfare data. The
standard for photochemical oxidants,
now called ozone, was revised in February 1979. Also, a new NAAQS for confining lead was promulgated in October
1978 and for suspended particulate matter in 1987. Table 359 gives some of the
health-related standards for the six air
pollutants having NAAQS. Data gathered
from state networks are periodically submitted to EPA’s National Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) for summarization in annual reports on the
nationwide status and trends in air quality. For details, see National Air Quality
and Emissions Trends Report. More current information on emissions may be
found on the EPA Web site at
<http://www.epa.gov/airtrends>.
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), published by the EPA, is a valuable source of
information on nearly 650 chemicals that
are being used, manufactured, treated,
220
transported, or released into the environment. Sections 313 of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-To-Know
Act (EPCRA) and 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), mandate that a
publicly-accessible toxic chemical database be developed and maintained by
EPA. This database, known as the TRI,
contains information concerning waste
management activities and the release of
toxic chemicals by facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use said materials. Data on the release of these chemicals are collected from over 23,000
facilities and facilities added in 1998 that
have the equivalent of 10 or more fulltime employees and meet the established
thresholds for manufacturing, processing,
or ‘‘other use’’ of listed chemicals. Facilities must report their releases and other
waste management quantities. Since 1994
federal facilities have been required to
report their data regardless of industry
classification. In May 1997, EPA added
seven new industry sectors that reported
to the TRI for the first time in July 1999
for the 1998 reporting year.
Climate—NOAA, through the National
Weather Service and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service, is responsible for climate data.
NOAA maintains about 11,600 weather
stations, of which over 3,000 produce
autographic precipitation records, about
600 take hourly readings of a series of
weather elements, and the remainder
record data once a day. These data are
reported monthly in the Climatological
Data and Storm Data, published monthly
and annually in the Local Climatological
Data (published by location for major cities).
The normal climatological temperatures,
precipitation, and degree days listed in
this publication are derived for comparative purposes and are averages for the
30-year period, 1971−2000. For stations
that did not have continuous records for
the entire 30 years from the same instrument site, the normals have been
adjusted to provide representative values
for the current location. The information
in all other tables is based on data from
the beginning of the record at that location through 2003.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 347. Land and Water Area of States and Other Entities: 2000
[One square mile = 2.59 square kilometers. Area is calculated from the specific boundary recorded for each entity in the U.S. Census Bureau’s geographic TIGER database]
Total area
Land area
Water area
Great
Inland Coastal
Lakes
Sq. mi. Sq. km. (sq. mi.) (sq. mi.) (sq. mi.)
Total
State and other area
Sq. mi.
Sq. km.
Sq. mi.
Sq. km.
Territorial
(sq. mi.)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,800,286 9,842,696 3,540,999 9,171,146 259,287 671,550
79,018
42,241
60,251
77,777
United States . . . 3,794,083 9,826,630 3,537,438 9,161,923 256,645 664,707
78,797
42,225
60,251
75,372
956
17,243
364
1,110
2,674
519
27,049
222
-
200
47,024
4,841
Alabama .
Alaska . .
Arizona . .
Arkansas.
California.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
52,419 135,765
663,267 1,717,854
113,998 295,254
53,179 137,732
163,696 423,970
50,744 131,426
571,951 1,481,347
113,635 294,312
52,068 134,856
155,959 403,933
1,675
4,338
91,316 236,507
364
942
1,110
2,876
7,736 20,037
Colorado . . . . . . . .
Connecticut . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . .
District of Columbia .
Florida . . . . . . . . .
Georgia . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
104,094
5,543
2,489
68
65,755
59,425
269,601
14,357
6,447
177
170,304
153,909
103,718
4,845
1,954
61
53,927
57,906
268,627
12,548
5,060
159
139,670
149,976
376
699
536
7
11,828
1,519
974
1,809
1,388
18
30,634
3,933
376
161
72
7
4,672
1,016
538
371
1,311
48
-
93
5,845
455
Hawaii .
Idaho . .
Illinois . .
Indiana .
Iowa . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10,931
83,570
57,914
36,418
56,272
28,311
216,446
149,998
94,321
145,743
6,423
82,747
55,584
35,867
55,869
16,635
214,314
143,961
92,895
144,701
4,508
823
2,331
551
402
11,677
2,131
6,037
1,427
1,042
38
823
756
316
402
-
1,575
235
-
4,470
-
Kansas . .
Kentucky .
Louisiana
Maine . . .
Maryland .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
82,277
40,409
51,840
35,385
12,407
213,096
104,659
134,264
91,646
32,133
81,815
39,728
43,562
30,862
9,774
211,900
102,896
112,825
79,931
25,314
462
681
8,278
4,523
2,633
1,197
1,763
21,440
11,715
6,819
462
681
4,154
2,264
680
1,935
613
1,843
-
2,189
1,647
110
Massachusetts .
Michigan . . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
Mississippi. . . .
Missouri . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10,555
96,716
86,939
48,430
69,704
27,336
250,494
225,171
125,434
180,533
7,840
56,804
79,610
46,907
68,886
20,306
147,121
206,189
121,489
178,414
2,715
7,031
39,912 103,372
7,329 18,982
1,523
3,945
818
2,120
423
1,611
4,783
785
818
977
590
-
38,301
2,546
-
1,314
148
-
Montana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
147,042
77,354
110,561
9,350
8,721
380,838
200,345
286,351
24,216
22,588
145,552
76,872
109,826
8,968
7,417
376,979
199,099
284,448
23,227
19,211
1,490
481
735
382
1,304
3,859
1,247
1,903
989
3,377
1,490
481
735
314
396
401
-
68
507
New Mexico. .
New York . . .
North Carolina
North Dakota .
Ohio . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
121,590
54,556
53,819
70,700
44,825
314,915
141,299
139,389
183,112
116,096
121,356
47,214
48,711
68,976
40,948
314,309
122,283
126,161
178,647
106,056
234
7,342
5,108
1,724
3,877
606
19,016
13,229
4,465
10,040
234
1,895
3,960
1,724
378
981
-
3,988
3,499
479
1,148
-
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon . . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
69,898
98,381
46,055
1,545
32,020
181,036
254,805
119,283
4,002
82,932
68,667
95,997
44,817
1,045
30,110
177,847
248,631
116,075
2,706
77,983
1,231
2,384
1,239
500
1,911
3,189
6,174
3,208
1,295
4,949
1,231
1,050
490
178
1,008
80
9
72
749
-
1,254
314
831
South Dakota .
Tennessee. . .
Texas . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . .
Vermont . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
77,117
42,143
268,581
84,899
9,614
199,731
109,151
695,621
219,887
24,901
75,885
41,217
261,797
82,144
9,250
196,540
106,752
678,051
212,751
23,956
1,232
926
6,784
2,755
365
3,191
2,399
17,570
7,136
945
1,232
926
5,056
2,755
365
404
-
-
1,324
-
Virginia . . . .
Washington .
West Virginia
Wisconsin . .
Wyoming. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42,774
71,300
24,230
65,498
97,814
110,785
184,665
62,755
169,639
253,336
39,594
66,544
24,078
54,310
97,100
102,548
172,348
62,361
140,663
251,489
3,180
4,756
152
11,188
713
8,237
12,317
394
28,976
1,847
1,006
1,553
152
1,830
713
1,728
2,537
-
9,358
-
446
666
-
5,325
13,790
3,425
8,870
1,900
4,921
67
16
-
1,817
141
365
3
7
138
359
138
-
-
-
737
1,910
134
346
604
1,564
16
-
-
588
.
.
.
.
.
Other areas:
Puerto Rico . . . . . .
U.S. Minor
Outlying Islands. . .
Virgin Islands of
the U.S. . . . . . . . .
- Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics,
Series PHC-1; and unpublished data from the Census TIGER TM data base.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
221
Table 348. Total and Federally Owned Land by State: 2003
[(2,271,343 represents 2,271,343,000). As of September 30. Total land area figures are not comparable with those in Table 347]
State
Total
(1,000
acres)
Not
owned by
federal
government
(1,000
acres)
Owned by
federal
government
1
Acres
(1,000)
Percent
United States. . . 2,271,343 1,599,584 671,759
29.6
Alabama . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . .
Arizona . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . .
California. . . . .
Colorado . . . . .
Connecticut . . .
Delaware. . . . .
District
of Columbia . .
Florida . . . . . .
Georgia . . . . .
Hawaii . . . . . .
Idaho . . . . . . .
Illinois . . . . . . .
Indiana . . . . . .
Iowa . . . . . . . .
Kansas . . . . . .
Kentucky . . . . .
Louisiana . . . .
Maine . . . . . . .
Maryland . . . . .
Massachusetts .
Michigan . . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
32,678
365,482
72,688
33,599
100,207
66,486
3,135
1,266
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
39
34,721
37,295
4,106
52,933
35,795
23,158
35,860
52,511
25,512
28,868
19,848
6,319
5,035
36,492
51,206
31,476
1,203
121,635 243,847
36,193 36,495
29,643
3,956
53,227 46,980
43,311 23,174
3,120
15
1,236
29
29
30,116
34,981
3,434
17,797
35,144
22,624
35,558
51,869
23,806
27,366
19,684
6,127
4,929
32,854
47,671
10
4,606
2,314
672
35,136
652
534
303
642
1,707
1,502
164
193
106
3,639
3,535
3.7
66.7
50.2
11.8
46.9
34.9
0.5
2.3
26.3
13.3
6.2
16.4
66.4
1.8
2.3
0.8
1.2
6.7
5.2
0.8
3.0
2.1
10.0
6.9
Total
(1,000
acres)
Not
owned by
federal
government
(1,000
acres)
Acres
(1,000)
Percent
30,223
44,248
93,271
49,032
70,264
5,769
4,813
77,766
30,681
31,403
44,452
26,222
44,088
61,599
28,804
677
19,374
48,882
26,728
168,218
52,697
5,937
25,496
42,694
15,411
35,011
62,343
28,122
42,010
64,032
47,573
5,675
4,939
4,633
51,248
30,439
27,801
43,119
25,764
42,756
30,960
28,080
672
18,138
46,568
24,712
165,046
17,672
5,487
22,879
29,447
14,144
33,029
30,812
2,101
2,238
29,239
1,459
64,589
830
180
26,518
242
3,602
1,333
458
1,331
30,639
725
5
1,236
2,314
2,016
3,172
35,025
450
2,617
13,247
1,266
1,982
31,532
7.0
5.1
31.3
3.0
91.9
14.4
3.7
34.1
0.8
11.5
3.0
1.7
3.0
49.7
2.5
0.8
6.4
4.7
7.5
1.9
66.5
7.6
10.3
31.0
8.2
5.7
50.6
State
Mississippi. . . .
Missouri . . . . .
Montana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . .
New Mexico. . .
New York . . . .
North Carolina .
North Dakota . .
Ohio . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon . . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
South Dakota . .
Tennessee. . . .
Texas . . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . . .
Vermont . . . . .
Virginia . . . . . .
Washington . . .
West Virginia . .
Wisconsin . . . .
Wyoming. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
Owned by
federal
government
1
Excludes trust properties.
Source: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Real Property Profile, annual. For most recent report, see
<http://www.gsa.gov/gsa/cmattachments/GSADOCUMENT/Annual%20Report%20%20FY2003-R4R2M-n110Z5RDZ-i34KpR.pdf>.
Table 349. Land Cover/Use by Type: 1982 to 2002
[In millions of acres (1,937.7 represents 1,937,700,000), except percent. Excludes Alaska and District of Columbia]
Nonfederal rural land
Year
Land
1982 . . . . . . . . . . .
1992 . . . . . . . . . . .
2002 . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent
1982 . .
1992 . .
2002 . .
1
of total land
.........
.........
.........
Total
surface
area
Rural
land,
total 1
Cropland
1,937.7
1,937.6
1,937.7
1,417.2
1,400.2
1,378.1
420.4
381.2
368.4
131.4
125.1
117.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.1
72.3
71.1
21.7
19.7
19.0
6.8
6.5
6.1
Forest
land
Other
rural
land
Developed
land
Water
areas
Federal
land
414.5
406.6
405.3
402.6
404.0
404.9
48.3
49.3
50.6
72.8
86.5
107.3
48.6
49.4
50.4
399.1
401.5
401.9
21.4
21.0
20.9
20.8
20.9
20.9
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.8
4.5
5.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
20.6
20.7
20.7
Pasture Rangeland
land
Includes Conservation Reserve Program land not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Conservation Service, National Resources Inventory 2002
Annual NRI, Land Use, April 2004. See also <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land/nri02/landuse.pdf>.
Table 350. Developed Land by Type: 1982 to 2001
[In millions of acres (1,937.7 represents 1,937,700,000) except percent. Excludes Alaska and District of Columbia]
Developed land
Total
surface
area
Land
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total land
1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Year
Developed
land, total
Large urban
and
built-up areas
Small
built-up
areas
Rural transportation
land
1,937.7
1,937.7
1,937.7
72.8
86.5
106.3
46.9
59.6
77.6
4.7
5.4
6.7
21.2
21.5
22.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.8
4.5
5.5
2.4
3.1
4.0
0.2
0.3
0.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Conservation Service, National Resources Inventory 2001
Annual NRI, Urbanization and Development of Rural Land, July 2003. See also <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land/nri01/urban.pdf>
(released July 2003).
222
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 351. Land Cover/Use by State: 1997
[In thousands of acres (1,944,130 represents 1,944,130,000), except percent. Excludes Alaska and District of Columbia]
Nonfederal rural land
Total
surface
area
State
Rural
land,
total
Percent
of
total
Cropland
CRP Pastureland
land 1
Rangeland
Forestland
Other
rural
land
Total . . . . . . . .
1,944,130
1,393,760
71.7
376,998
32,696 119,992
405,977
406,955
51,142
United States . . .
1,941,823
1,392,098
71.7
376,630
32,696 119,549
405,832
406,315
51,077
Alabama .
Arizona. .
Arkansas
California
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
33,424
72,964
34,037
101,510
28,950
40,858
28,638
47,555
86.6
56.0
84.1
46.8
2,954
1,212
7,625
9,635
522
230
173
3,528
73
5,351
1,049
74
32,323
38
18,269
21,261
4,216
15,011
13,936
612
3,035
384
4,494
Colorado. . .
Connecticut .
Delaware . .
Florida . . . .
Georgia . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
66,625
3,195
1,534
37,534
37,741
40,850
2,178
988
25,498
30,648
61.3
68.2
64.4
67.9
81.2
8,770
204
485
2,752
4,757
1,890
1
120
595
1,211
112
24
4,231
2,865
24,574
3,229
-
3,442
1,759
352
12,536
21,560
964
103
128
2,630
872
Hawaii .
Idaho . .
Illinois .
Indiana .
Iowa . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4,158
53,488
36,059
23,158
36,017
3,565
18,618
31,675
20,069
33,673
85.7
34.8
87.8
86.7
93.5
246
5,517
24,011
13,407
25,310
785
726
378
1,739
36
1,315
2,502
1,830
3,572
1,009
6,501
-
1,635
3,948
3,784
3,781
2,182
639
553
652
674
870
Kansas. .
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine. . .
Maryland
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
52,661
25,863
31,377
20,966
7,870
49,685
22,327
24,664
18,794
4,808
94.3
86.3
78.6
89.6
61.1
26,524
5,178
5,659
413
1,616
2,849
332
140
30
19
2,322
5,686
2,385
123
478
15,728
277
-
1,546
10,667
13,226
17,691
2,373
716
465
2,976
537
321
Massachusetts.
Michigan. . . . .
Minnesota . . . .
Mississippi . . .
Missouri . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,339
37,349
54,010
30,527
44,614
3,394
29,426
45,356
26,429
39,358
63.6
78.8
84.0
86.6
88.2
277
8,540
21,414
5,352
13,751
321
1,544
799
1,606
119
2,032
3,434
3,679
10,849
88
2,744
16,354
16,248
16,209
12,431
254
2,178
2,716
389
634
Montana . . . . . .
Nebraska . . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire .
New Jersey . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
94,110
49,510
70,763
5,941
5,216
64,958
47,187
10,079
4,353
2,766
69.0
95.3
14.2
73.3
53.0
15,171
19,469
701
134
589
2,721
1,245
2
1
3,443
1,801
279
94
111
36,751
23,089
8,372
-
5,431
826
305
3,932
1,698
1,443
757
420
193
367
New Mexico . .
New York . . . .
North Carolina .
North Dakota . .
Ohio . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
77,823
31,361
33,709
45,251
26,445
50,071
26,702
24,592
41,442
22,070
64.3
85.1
73.0
91.6
83.5
1,875
5,417
5,639
25,004
11,627
467
54
131
2,802
324
231
2,722
2,039
1,129
2,006
39,990
10,689
-
5,467
17,702
15,959
454
7,081
2,041
808
824
1,363
1,032
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon. . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
44,738
62,161
28,995
813
19,939
40,610
28,858
23,816
458
16,018
90.8
46.4
82.1
56.3
80.3
9,737
3,762
5,471
22
2,574
1,138
483
90
263
7,963
1,961
1,845
25
1,197
14,033
9,286
-
7,281
12,643
15,478
387
11,188
459
724
932
24
797
South Dakota
Tennessee . .
Texas . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . .
Vermont . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
49,358
26,974
171,052
54,339
6,154
44,411
22,597
155,530
17,599
5,183
90.0
83.8
90.9
32.4
84.2
16,738
4,644
26,938
1,679
607
1,686
374
3,906
216
-
2,108
4,990
15,914
695
338
21,876
95,745
10,733
-
518
12,042
10,816
1,883
4,150
1,484
547
2,211
2,392
88
Virginia. . . . .
Washington . .
West Virginia .
Wisconsin . . .
Wyoming . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
27,087
44,035
15,508
35,920
62,603
19,886
28,508
13,252
30,374
32,773
73.4
64.7
85.5
84.6
52.4
2,918
6,656
864
10,613
2,174
71
1,017
661
247
2,995
1,193
1,527
2,994
1,146
5,857
27,302
13,316
12,835
10,582
14,448
1,004
587
951
279
1,658
900
Caribbean . . . . . .
2,307
1,662
72.0
368
-
443
145
640
65
- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). A federal program established under the Food
Security Act of 1985 to assist private landowners to convert highly erodible cropland to vegetative cover for 10 years.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Conservation Service, and Iowa State University, Statistical
Laboratory, Summary Report, 1997 National Resources Inventory, revised December 2000. See also <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov
/technical/NRI/1997/summaryreport/> (revised December 2000).
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
223
Table 352. Extreme and Mean Elevations by State and Other Area
[One foot = .305 meter]
Highest point
State and other
areas
Lowest point
Elevation
Name
Feet
United
States . . . Mt. McKinley (AK) . . . . . . . . 20,320
AL .
AK .
AZ .
AR .
CA .
CO.
CT .
DE .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
GA .
HI .
ID .
IL. .
IN .
IA .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
KS .
KY .
LA .
ME.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Cheaha Mountain . . . . . . . . .
Mount McKinley . . . . . . . . . .
Humphreys Peak . . . . . . . . .
Magazine Mountain . . . . . . . .
Mount Whitney . . . . . . . . . . .
Mt. Elbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mt. Frissell on South slope . . .
Ebright Road, 2
New Castle County . . . . . . .
Tenleytown at Reno Reservoir.
Sec. 30, T6N, R20W,
Walton County . . . . . . . . . .
Brasstown Bald . . . . . . . . . .
Puu Wekiu. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Borah Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charles Mound. . . . . . . . . . .
Franklin Twp., Wayne Co . . . .
Sec. 29, T100N, R41W,
Osceola County 3 . . . . . . . .
Mount Sunflower. . . . . . . . . .
Black Mountain. . . . . . . . . . .
Driskill Mountain . . . . . . . . . .
Mount Katahdin . . . . . . . . . .
MD.
MA.
MI .
MN.
MS.
MO
MT .
NE .
NV .
NH .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Backbone Mountain . . . .
Mount Greylock . . . . . . .
Mount Arvon . . . . . . . . .
Eagle Mountain, Cook Co.
Woodall Mountain . . . . . .
Taum Sauk Mountain. . . .
Granite Peak . . . . . . . . .
Johnson Twp., Kimball Co
Boundary Peak . . . . . . .
Mount Washington . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
NJ .
NM.
NY .
NC .
ND .
OH.
OK .
OR.
PA .
RI .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
High Point . . . . . . . . .
Wheeler Peak . . . . . .
Mount Marcy . . . . . . .
Mount Mitchell . . . . . .
White Butte, Slope Co .
Campbell Hill . . . . . . .
Black Mesa . . . . . . . .
Mount Hood. . . . . . . .
Mount Davis . . . . . . .
Jerimoth Hill. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
SC .
SD .
TN .
TX .
UT .
VT .
VA .
WA
WV
WI .
WY
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sassafras Mountain
Harney Peak . . . . .
Clingmans Dome . .
Guadalupe Peak. . .
Kings Peak . . . . . .
Mount Mansfield . . .
Mount Rogers . . . .
Mount Rainier . . . .
Spruce Knob . . . . .
Timms Hill . . . . . . .
Gannett Peak. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
DC . . . . . . . .
FL . . . . . . . .
Other areas:
Puerto
Rico . . .
American
Samoa. .
Guam . . .
Virgin Is. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2,405
20,320
12,633
2,753
14,494
14,433
2,380
448
410
Sea level.
6,198 Death Valley (CA). . . .
Feet
Meters
-282
-86
2,500
763
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
70
55
-282
3,350
(1)
(1)
(1)
21
17
-86
1,022
(1)
500
1,900
4,100
650
2,900
6,800
500
153
580
1,251
198
885
2,074
153
137 Atlantic Ocean . . . . . .
125 Potomac River . . . . . .
(1)
1
(1)
(Z)
60
150
18
46
733
6,198
3,853
840
4,419
4,402
726
Gulf of Mexico . . .
Pacific Ocean . . . .
Colorado River . . .
Ouachita River . . .
Death Valley. . . . .
Arkansas River . . .
Long Island Sound
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
105
1,459
4,208
3,862
377
383
Atlantic Ocean . .
Atlantic Ocean . .
Pacific Ocean . . .
Snake River . . . .
Mississippi River .
Ohio River . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
(1)
710
279
320
(1)
(1)
(1)
217
85
98
100
600
3,030
5,000
600
700
31
183
924
1,525
183
214
1,670
4,039
4,139
535
5,267
509
1,232
2,162
163
1,606
Mississippi River .
Verdigris River . .
Mississippi River .
New Orleans . . .
Atlantic Ocean . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
480
679
257
-8
(1)
146
207
78
-2
(1)
1,100
2,000
750
100
600
336
610
229
31
183
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,360
.
3,487
.
1,979
.
2,301
.
806
.
1,772
. 12,799
.
5,424
. 13,140
.
6,288
1,025
1,064
604
702
246
540
3,904
1,654
4,007
1,918
Atlantic Ocean . .
Atlantic Ocean . .
Lake Erie . . . . . .
Lake Superior . . .
Gulf of Mexico . .
St. Francis River .
Kootenai River . .
Missouri River. . .
Colorado River . .
Atlantic Ocean . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
571
601
(1)
230
1,800
840
479
(1)
(1)
(1)
174
183
(1)
70
549
256
146
(1)
350
500
900
1,200
300
800
3,400
2,600
5,500
1,000
107
153
275
366
92
244
1,037
793
1,678
305
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,803
. 13,161
.
5,344
.
6,684
.
3,506
.
1,549
.
4,973
. 11,239
.
3,213
.
812
550
4,014
1,630
2,039
1,069
472
1,517
3,428
980
248
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
Red Bluff Reservoir .
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
Red River . . . . . . .
Ohio River . . . . . . .
Little River . . . . . . .
Pacific Ocean . . . . .
Delaware River . . . .
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
2,842
(1)
(1)
750
455
289
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
867
(1)
(1)
229
139
88
(1)
(1)
(1)
250
5,700
1,000
700
1,900
850
1,300
3,300
1,100
200
76
1,739
305
214
580
259
397
1,007
336
61
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,560
.
7,242
.
6,643
.
8,749
. 13,528
.
4,393
.
5,729
. 14,410
.
4,861
.
1,951
. 13,804
1,086
2,209
2,026
2,668
4,126
1,340
1,747
4,395
1,483
595
4,210
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
Big Stone Lake . . . .
Mississippi River . . .
Gulf of Mexico . . . .
Beaver Dam Wash .
Lake Champlain . . .
Atlantic Ocean . . . .
Pacific Ocean . . . . .
Potomac River . . . .
Lake Michigan . . . .
Belle Fourche River .
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
966
178
(1)
2,000
95
(1)
(1)
240
579
3,099
(1)
295
54
(1)
610
29
(1)
(1)
73
177
945
350
2,200
900
1,700
6,100
1,000
950
1,700
1,500
1,050
6,700
107
671
275
519
1,861
305
290
519
458
320
2,044
1,339 Atlantic Ocean . . . . . .
(1)
(1)
1,800
549
964 Pacific Ocean . . . . . . .
406 Pacific Ocean . . . . . . .
475 Atlantic Ocean . . . . . .
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,300
330
750
397
101
229
. Lata Mountain . . . . . . . . . . .
. Mount Lamlam . . . . . . . . . . .
. Crown Mountain . . . . . . . . . .
1
Feet Meters
345
4,784
13,796
12,662
1,235
1,257
. Cerro de Punta. . . . . . . . . . .
Z Less than 0.5 meter.
and ‘‘W,’’ west.
Meters
Approximate mean
elevation
Elevation
Name
2
4,390
3,160
1,332
1,556
At DE-PA state line.
3
( )
‘‘Sec.’’ denotes section; ‘‘T,’’ township; ‘‘R,’’ range; ‘‘N,’’ north;
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, for highest and lowest points, Elevations and Distances in the United States, 1990; for mean
elevations, 1983 edition. See also ‘‘Elevations and Distances in the United States;’’ (published 23 February 2005);
<http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html>.
224
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 353. U.S. Wetland Resources and Deepwater Habitats by Type:
1986 and 1997
[In thousands of acres (144,673.3 represents 144,677,300). Wetlands and deepwater habitats are defined separately because
the term wetland does not include permanent water bodies. Deepwater habitats are permanently flooded land lying below the deepwater
boundary of wetlands. Deepwater habitats include environments where surface water is permanent and often deep, so that water,
rather than air, is the principal medium within which the dominant organisms live, whether or not they are attached to the substrate.
As in wetlands, the dominant plants are hydrophytes; however, the substrates are considered nonsoil because the water is too deep
to support emergent vegetation. In general terms, wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant factor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities living in the soil and on its surface. The single
feature that most wetlands share is soil or substrate that is at least periodically saturated with or covered by water. Wetlands are
lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water]
Wetland or deepwater category
All wetlands and deepwater habitates, total
All deepwater habitats, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lacustrine 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riverine 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estuarine Subtidal 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
All wetlands, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intertidal wetlands 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marine intertidal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estuarine intertidal nonvegetated . . . . . . . . .
Estuarine intertidal vegetated. . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater nonvegetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater vegetated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater emergent 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater forested 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freshwater shrub 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1986
1997
Change,
1986 to 1997
144,673.3
38,537.6
14,608.9
6,291.1
17,637.6
106,135.7
5,336.6
133.1
580.4
4,623.1
100,799.1
5,251.0
95,548.1
26,383.3
51,929.6
17,235.2
144,136.8
38,645.1
14,725.3
6,255.9
17,663.9
105,491.7
5,326.2
130.9
580.1
4,615.2
100,165.5
5,914.3
94,251.2
25,157.1
50,728.5
18,365.6
-536.5
107.5
116.4
-35.2
26.3
-644.0
-10.4
-2.2
-0.3
-7.9
-633.6
663.3
-1,296.9
-1,226.2
-1,201.1
1,130.4
1
The lacustrine system includes deepwater habitats with all of the following characteristics: (1) situated in a topographic
depression or a dammed river channel; (2) lacking trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens with greater
than 30 percent coverage; (3) total area exceeds 20 acres. 2 The riverine system includes deepwater habitats contained within
a channel, with the exception of habitats with water containing ocean derived salts in excess of 0.5 parts per thousand. 3 The
estuarine system consists of deepwater tidal habitats and adjacent tidal wetland that are usually semi-enclosed by land but have
open, partly obstructed, or sporadic access to the open ocean, and in which ocean water is at least occasionally diluted by
freshwater runoff from the land. Subtidal is where the substrate is continuously submerged by marine or estuarine waters.
4
Intertidal is where the substrate is exposed and flooded by tides. Intertidal includes the splash zone of coastal waters.
5
Emergent wetlands are characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation
is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants. 6 Forested
wetlands are characterized by woody vegetation that is 20 feet tall or taller. 7 Shrub wetlands include areas dominated by woody
vegetation less than 20 feet tall. The species include true shrubs, young trees, and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted
because of environmental conditions.
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States, 1986 to 1997,
January 2001. See also <ftp://wetlands.fws.gov/status-trends/SandT2000Reportlowres.pdf>.
Table 354. Flows of Largest U.S. Rivers—Length, Discharge, and Drainage Area
River
Source stream
(name and location)
Location of mouth
Length
(miles) 1
Missouri . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . .
Yukon . . . . . . . . . .
St. Lawrence . . . . .
Rio Grande . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . .
Colorado . . . . . . . .
Atchafalaya 6 . . . . .
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . .
Red . . . . . . . . . . .
Brazos . . . . . . . . .
Columbia. . . . . . . .
Snake. . . . . . . . . .
Platte . . . . . . . . . .
Pecos . . . . . . . . . .
Canadian . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . .
Colorado (of Texas).
North Canadian . . .
Mobile . . . . . . . . .
Kansas . . . . . . . . .
Kuskokwim . . . . . .
Yellowstone . . . . . .
Tanana . . . . . . . . .
Gila . . . . . . . . . . .
Porcupine . . . . . . .
Susquehanna. . . . .
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Missouri . . . . . . . .
Louisiana . . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
Canada . . . . . . . .
Mexico-Texas . . . .
Arkansas . . . . . . .
Mexico. . . . . . . . .
Louisiana . . . . . . .
Illinois-Kentucky. . .
Louisiana . . . . . . .
Texas . . . . . . . . .
Oregon-Washington
Washington . . . . .
Nebraska . . . . . . .
Texas . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . . . .
Kentucky . . . . . . .
Texas . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . . . .
Alabama . . . . . . .
Kansas . . . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
Arizona . . . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
Maryland . . . . . . .
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Red Rock Creek, MT . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi River, MN . . . . . . . . .
McNeil River, Canada . . . . . . . . .
North River, MN. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rio Grande, CO . . . . . . . . . . . .
East Fork Arkansas River, CO . . .
Colorado River, CO . . . . . . . . . .
Tierra Blanca Creek, NM. . . . . . .
Allegheny River, PA . . . . . . . . . .
Tierra Blanca Creek, NM. . . . . . .
Blackwater Draw, NM . . . . . . . . .
Columbia River, Canada . . . . . . .
Snake River, WY . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grizzly Creek, CO . . . . . . . . . . .
Pecos River, NM . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canadian River, CO . . . . . . . . . .
Courthouse Creek, NC . . . . . . . .
Colorado River, TX. . . . . . . . . . .
Corrumpa Creek, NM . . . . . . . . .
Tickanetley Creek, GA . . . . . . . .
Arikaree River, CO . . . . . . . . . . .
South Fork Kuskokwim River, AK .
North Folk Yellowstone River, WY .
Nabesna River, AK. . . . . . . . . . .
Middle Fork Gila River, NM . . . . .
Porcupine River, Canada. . . . . . .
Hayden Creek, NY . . . . . . . . . . .
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2,540
2,340
1,980
1,900
1,900
1,460
1,450
1,420
1,310
1,290
1,280
1,240
1,040
990
926
906
886
862
800
774
743
724
692
659
649
569
447
3
Average
discharge
at mouth
(1,000
cubic ft.
Drainage
per area (1,000
second)
sq. mi.)
76.2
593
225
348
41
58
281
56
265
56.9
68
67.2
67
41
23
38.2
4
25
2
529
1,150
2
328
2
396
336
161
246
95.1
203
93.2
45.6
2
258
108
84.9
44.3
46.9
40.9
42.3
17.6
44.6
59.5
48
70
44.5
58.2
45.1
27.2
- Represents zero. 1 From source to mouth. 2 Drainage area includes both the United States and Canada. 3 The length
from the source of the Missouri River to the Mississippi River and thence to the Gulf of Mexico is about 3,710 miles. 4 Includes
about 167,000 cubic ft. per second diverted from the Mississippi into the Atchafalaya River but excludes the flow of the Red River.
5
Excludes the drainage areas of the Red and Atchafalaya Rivers. 6 In east-central Louisiana, the Red River flows into the
Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi River. Data on average discharge, length, and drainage area include the Red
River, but exclude all water diverted into the Atchafalaya from the Mississippi River.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Largest Rivers in the United States, Open File Report 87-242, May 1990.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
225
Table 355. U.S. Water Withdrawals and Consumptive Use Per Day
by End Use: 1940 to 2000
[In billions of gallons, except as indicated. (140 represents 140,000,000,000). Includes Puerto Rico. Withdrawal signifies water
physically withdrawn from a source. Includes fresh and saline water; excludes water used for hydroelectric power]
Year
WITHDRAWALS
1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONSUMPTIVE USE
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
(bil.
gal.)
Per
capita 1
(gal.)
Irrigation
(bil. gal.)
Public
supply 2
(bil. gal.)
Rural 3
(bil. gal.)
Industrial
and
misc. 4
(bil. gal.)
Steam
electric
utilities
(bil. gal.)
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.
.
.
.
.
.
140
180
240
270
310
370
420
440
399
408
402
408
1,027
1,185
1,454
1,500
1,602
1,815
1,972
1,953
1,650
1,620
1,500
1,430
71
89
110
110
120
130
140
150
137
137
134
137
10
14
17
21
24
27
29
34
38
41
40
43
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.5
4.9
5.6
7.8
7.9
8.9
9.2
29
37
39
38
46
47
45
45
31
30
29
23
23
40
72
100
130
170
200
210
187
195
190
196
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.
.
61
77
87
96
100
92
94
100
(NA)
339
403
427
451
440
380
370
374
(NA)
52
66
73
80
83
74
76
81
(NA)
3.5
5.2
5.9
6.7
7.1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(NA)
2.8
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.9
9.2
8.9
9.9
(NA)
3.0
3.4
4.1
4.2
5.0
6.1
6.7
4.8
(NA)
0.2
0.4
0.8
1.9
3.2
6.2
4.0
3.7
(NA)
1
Based on U.S. Census Bureau resident population as of July 1. 2 Includes commercial water withdrawals. 3 Rural farm
4
For 1940 to 1960, includes manufacturing and
and nonfarm household and garden use, and water for farm stock and dairies.
mineral industries, rural commercial industries, air-conditioning, resorts, hotels, motels, military and other state and Federal
agencies, and miscellaneous; thereafter, includes manufacturing, mining and mineral processing, ordnance, construction, and
miscellaneous. 5 Public supply consumptive use included in end-use categories.
Source: 1940-1960, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Business Development, based principally on committee prints, Water Resources
Activities in the United States, for the Senate Committee on National Water Resources, U.S. Senate, thereafter, U.S. Geological
Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, circular 1268. See also <http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/2004/circ1268/>
(released 12 March 2004).
Table 356. Water Withdrawals by Source, Type, and Use—State and
Other Areas: 2000
[In millions of gallons per day(408,000 represents 408,000,000,000). Figures may not add due to rounding. Withdrawal signifies
water physically withdrawn from a source. Includes fresh and saline water. For information on methodology and differences with
prior surveys, see <http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/2004/circ1268/htdocs/text-intro.html>]
Water
Source,
Selected major
withpercent —
uses, percent —
drawals,
total
(mil. gal. Ground Surface Public Irrigaper day)
water
water supply
tion
State and
other area
Total 1 .
AL . . . . .
AK . . . . .
AZ . . . . .
AR . . . . .
CA . . . . .
CO . . . . .
CT . . . . .
DE . . . . .
DC . . . . .
FL . . . . .
GA . . . . .
HI. . . . . .
ID. . . . . .
IL . . . . . .
IN. . . . . .
IA . . . . . .
KS . . . . .
KY . . . . .
LA . . . . .
ME . . . . .
MD . . . . .
MA . . . . .
MI . . . . .
MN . . . . .
MS . . . . .
MO . . . . .
1
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408,000
9,990
305
6,730
10,900
51,200
12,600
4,150
1,320
10
20,100
6,500
641
19,500
13,700
10,100
3,360
6,610
4,160
10,400
799
7,910
4,660
10,000
3,870
2,960
8,230
20.7
4.4
46.2
51.0
63.5
30.1
18.4
3.4
8.7
0.0
25.0
22.3
67.7
21.2
5.9
6.5
20.2
57.3
4.5
15.7
10.1
2.8
5.8
7.3
18.6
73.6
21.6
79.2
95.6
53.8
49.0
36.2
69.9
81.7
96.6
91.7
100.0
75.1
77.8
32.4
78.5
94.2
93.7
79.8
42.7
95.4
83.9
89.9
97.2
94.2
92.6
81.4
26.4
78.4
10.6
8.3
26.2
16.0
3.9
12.0
7.1
10.2
7.2
0.0
12.1
19.2
39.0
1.3
12.8
6.6
11.4
6.3
12.6
7.2
12.8
10.4
15.9
11.4
12.9
12.1
10.6
33.6
0.4
0.3
80.2
72.6
59.6
90.5
0.7
3.3
1.8
21.3
17.5
56.8
87.7
1.1
1.0
0.6
56.1
0.7
9.8
0.7
0.5
2.7
2.0
5.9
47.6
17.4
Water
Source,
Selected major
withpercent —
uses, percent —
drawals,
total
(mil. gal. Ground Surface Public Irrigaper day)
water
water supply
tion
State and
other area
MT .
NE .
NV .
NH .
NJ .
NM .
NY .
NC .
ND .
OH .
OK .
OR .
PA .
RI. .
SC .
SD .
TN .
TX .
UT .
VT .
VA .
WA .
WV .
WI .
WY .
PR .
VI . .
.
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.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8,290
12,300
2,810
1,210
5,560
3,260
12,100
11,400
1,140
11,100
2,020
6,930
9,950
429
7,170
528
10,800
29,600
4,970
447
8,830
5,310
5,150
7,590
5,170
2,810
148
2.3
63.9
26.9
7.0
10.5
47.2
7.4
5.1
10.8
7.9
51.0
14.3
6.7
6.7
4.6
42.0
3.9
30.3
21.1
9.7
3.6
27.7
1.8
10.7
14.8
4.9
0.7
97.7
35.7
73.0
92.6
89.6
52.5
92.6
94.7
89.5
92.8
49.0
85.7
93.4
93.2
95.4
58.0
96.3
69.9
78.9
90.4
96.5
72.3
98.3
89.3
85.1
95.0
99.3
1.8
2.7
22.4
8.0
18.9
9.1
21.2
8.3
5.6
13.2
33.4
8.2
14.7
27.7
7.9
17.7
8.2
14.3
12.8
13.4
8.2
19.2
3.7
8.2
2.1
18.3
4.1
95.9
71.5
75.1
0.4
2.5
87.7
0.3
2.5
12.7
0.3
35.5
87.7
0.1
0.8
3.7
70.6
0.2
29.2
77.7
0.8
0.3
57.3
0.0
2.6
87.0
3.4
0.3
Represents both fresh and saline water.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, circular 1268. See also
<http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/2004/circ1268/#availability> (released 12 March 2004).
226
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 357. U.S. Water Quality Conditions by Type of Waterbody: 2000
[Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act requires states and other jurisdictions to assess the health of their waters and the extent
to which their waters support water quality standards. Section 305(b) requires that states submit reports describing water quality
conditions to the Environmental Protection Agency every two years. Water quality standards have three elements (designated uses,
criteria developed to protect each use, and an antidegradation policy). For information on survey methodology and assessment criteria, see report]
Rivers and
streams
(miles)
Lakes,
reservoirs,
and ponds
(acres)
Estuaries
(sq. miles)
Great Lakes
shoreline
(miles)
Ocean
shoreline
(miles)
..
..
..
3,692,830
699,946
19
40,603,893
17,339,080
43
87,369
31,072
36
5,521
5,066
92
58,618
3,221
6
..
..
..
463,441
85,544
291,264
8,026,988
1,343,903
7,702,370
13,850
1,023
15,676
1,095
3,955
2,176
193
434
..
..
..
53
8
39
47
8
45
45
4
51
22
78
79
7
14
128,859
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
28,156
37,654
53,850
(NA)
(NA)
27,988
(NA)
27,695
(NA)
34,871
3,158,393
983,936
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,413,624
(NA)
856,586
943,715
1,045,036
(NA)
(NA)
13,699,327
2,811
3,692
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,171
4,116
(NA)
5,779
(NA)
1,913
(NA)
5,045
75
71
(NA)
519
(NA)
62
(NA)
(NA)
61
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
61
152
(NA)
(NA)
29
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
76
123
89
142
(NA)
103
241
Item
Total size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount accessed 1. . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total size . . . . . . . . . .
Amount accessed as—
Good 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Good but threatened 3 . . . . . . . . .
Polluted 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of accessed as—
Good 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Good but threatened 3 . . . . . . . . .
Polluted 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount impaired by leading sources
of pollution: 5
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Atmospheric deposition . . . . . . . .
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contaminated sediments . . . . . . .
Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Habitat modification . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrologic modification . . . . . . . .
Industrial discharges/point sources .
Land disposal of wastes . . . . . . . .
Municipal point sources . . . . . . . .
Nonpoint sources . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource extraction . . . . . . . . . .
Septic tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Urban runoff and storm sewers . . .
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- Represents zero. NA Not available. 1 Includes waterbodies assessed as not attainable for one or more uses. Most states
do not assess all their waterbodies during the 2-year reporting cycle, but use a ‘‘rotating basin approach’’ whereby all waters are
monitored over a set period of time. 2 Based on accessment of available data, water quality supports all designated uses. Water
quality meets narrative and/or numeric criteria adopted to protect and support a designated use. 3 Although all assessed uses
are currently met, data show a declining trend in water quality. Projections based on this trend indicate water quality will be impaired
in the future, unless action is taken to prevent further degradation. 4 Impaired or not attainable. The reporting state or jurisdiction
has performed a ‘‘use-attainability analysis’’ and demonstrated that support of one or more designated beneficial uses is not
attainable due to specific biological, chemical, physical, or economic/social conditions. 5 Excludes unknown and natural sources.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Water Quality Inventory: 2000 Report, EPA-841-R-02-001, August
2002. See also <http://www.epa.gov/305b/2000report>.
Table 358. Oil Spills in U.S. Water—Number and Volume: 1998 to 2001
[Based on reported discharges into U.S. navigable waters, including territorial waters (extending 3 to 12 miles from the coastline),
tributaries, the contiguous zone, onto shoreline, or into other waters that threaten the marine environment. Data found in Marine
Safety Management System]
Number of spills
Spill characteristic
Total . . . . . . . . .
Size of spill (gallons):
1-100 . . . . . . . . . .
101-1,000 . . . . . . .
1,001-3,000 . . . . . .
3,001-5,000 . . . . . .
5,001-10,000 . . . . .
10,001-50,000 . . . .
50,001-100,000 . . .
100,001-1,000,000 .
1,000,000 and over .
Waterbody:
Atlantic ocean . . . .
Pacific ocean . . . . .
Gulf of Mexico . . . .
Great Lakes . . . . . .
Lakes . . . . . . . . . .
Rivers and canals . .
Bays and sounds . .
Harbors. . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . .
Source:
Tankship . . . . . . . .
Tankbarge . . . . . . .
All other vessels . . .
Facilities . . . . . . . .
Pipelines . . . . . . . .
All other nonvessels
Unknown . . . . . . . .
Spill volume (gallons)
1998
1999
2000
2001
1998
2000
2001
.....
8,315
8,539
8,354
7,559
885,303 1,172,449 1,431,370
1999
854,520
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7,962
259
54
15
15
8
2
-
8,212
240
42
18
10
12
4
1
-
8,058
219
37
12
16
6
4
2
-
7,256
216
45
16
11
14
1
-
38,093
86,606
96,743
64,609
108,148
216,335
274,769
-
39,119
86,530
74,582
73,798
66,274
301,510
245,406
285,230
-
39,355
78,779
67,529
45,512
112,415
108,400
266,380
713,000
-
33,276
86,955
77,447
67,241
89,224
376,057
124,320
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
109
644
2,190
119
25
1,944
891
790
1,603
148
758
1,756
129
31
1,924
1,299
907
1,587
150
623
1,838
96
32
1,816
1,248
801
1,750
83
493
1,728
109
35
1,682
1,140
893
1,396
6,674
192,775
181,372
3,006
63
280,651
24,234
97,223
99,305
29,440
150,694
45,786
906
624
504,264
136,650
105,213
198,872
135,010
36,301
112,069
4,535
349
663,404
49,783
273,095
156,824
7,168
53,295
133,872
1,600
244
237,980
139,300
158,667
122,394
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
104
220
4,848
937
45
571
1,590
92
227
5,361
1,019
25
571
1,244
111
229
5,220
1,054
25
566
1,149
95
246
4,680
995
34
436
1,073
56,673
248,089
316,473
166,269
47,863
32,584
17,352
8,414
158,977
409,084
367,537
36,140
147,704
44,593
608,176
133,540
291,927
311,604
17,021
45,136
23,966
125,217
212,298
232,341
201,025
13,577
55,921
14,141
- Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Coast Guard, <http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/nmc/response/stats/Summary.htm> and <http://www.uscg.mil/hq
/g-m/nmc/response/stats/chpt2001.pdf> (released August 2003).
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
227
Table 359. National Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations: 1990 to 2003
[Data represent annual composite averages of pollutant based on daily 24-hour averages of monitoring stations, except carbon monoxide is based on the second-highest, nonoverlapping, 8-hour average; ozone, the second-highest daily maximum 1-hour value
or the fourth-highest maximum 8-hour value; and lead, the maximum quarterly average of ambient lead levels. Based on data from
the Air Quality System. µg/m3 = micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter of air; ppm = parts per million]
Pollutant
Monitoring Air qualstations, ity stannumber
dard 1
Unit
Carbon monoxide . .
Ozone . . . . . . . . . .
Ozone . . . . . . . . . .
Sulfur dioxide . . . . .
Particulates (PM-10).
Nitrogen dioxide . . .
Lead . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ppm . .
ppm . .
ppm . .
ppm . .
µg/m3 .
ppm . .
µg/m3 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
387
785
785
449
770
250
96
9
3
.12
4
0.08
.03
5
50
.053
6
1.5
1990
1995
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
6.0
0.111
0.085
0.0384
30.9
(NA)
0.019
4.7
0.112
0.088
0.0261
26.1
(NA)
0.018
3.9
0.108
0.086
0.0237
25.2
13.4
0.018
3.4
0.101
0.080
0.0230
24.8
13.2
0.017
3.2
0.101
0.081
0.0216
24.1
12.9
0.017
3.0
0.105
0.085
0.0198
23.4
12.3
0.016
2.8
0.101
0.080
0.0210
23.5
12.0
0.016
1
Refers to the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard that protects the public health. 2 Based on 8-hour standard
of 9 ppm. 3 Based on 1-hour standard of .12 ppm. 4 Based on 8-hour standard of .08 ppm. 5 The particulates (PM-10)
standard replaced the previous standard for total suspended particulates in 1987. 6 Based on 3-month standard of 1.5 µg/m3.
Table 360. National Air Pollutant Emissions: 1970 to 2002
[In thousands of tons (13,042 represents 13,042,000), except as indicated. PM-10 = Particulate matter of less than ten
microns; PM-2.5 = particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns effective diameter. Methodologies to estimate data for 1970 to 1980
period and 1985 to present emissions differ. Beginning with 1985, the methodology for more recent years is described in the
document available at <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/trends99/neiproc99.pdf>.
PM-10
PM-10,
fugitive
dust1
PM-2.5
Sulfur
dioxide
13,042
7,671
7,013
11,590
9,689
9,270
8,927
8,411
8,888
8,807
9,014
8,393
8,343
9,391
9,440
9,118
8,882
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
29,734
18,063
18,075
18,170
18,953
19,722
17,012
13,844
14,516
14,550
14,112
14,307
13,769
13,272
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
7,559
7,320
7,198
7,150
7,541
6,929
6,725
6,256
6,261
7,333
7,288
6,632
6,803
31,218
28,043
25,925
23,307
23,076
22,375
22,082
21,772
21,346
18,619
18,385
18,840
18,944
17,545
16,347
15,932
15,353
Year
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Volatile
Nitrogen
organic
dioxides compounds
26,883
26,337
27,079
25,757
25,529
25,179
25,260
25,357
25,349
24,956
24,787
24,705
24,348
22,845
22,598
21,547
21,102
Carbon
monoxide
Lead
(tons)2
204,043
188,398
185,407
176,844
154,186
147,128
140,896
135,901
133,559
126,777
128,858
117,910
115,380
114,541
114,467
106,295
112,049
220,869
159,659
74,153
22,890
4,975
4,169
3,810
3,916
4,047
3,929
2,627
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
34,659
30,765
31,106
27,404
24,108
23,577
23,066
22,730
22,569
22,041
20,871
19,530
18,782
18,776
17,512
17,118
16,544
NA Not available. 1 Sources such as agricultural tilling, construction, mining and quarrying, paved roads, unpaved roads,
and wind erosion. 2 Beginning 1996, lead and lead compounds are inventoried through the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
portion of the National Emission Inventory (NEI) every three years; data for 1997 forward are currently not available.
Table 361. Air Pollutant Emissions by Pollutant and Source: 2002
[In thousands of tons, except as indicated. See headnote, Table 360]
Source
1
PM-2.5
Sulfur
dioxide
22,153
1,369
695
269
405
177
586
36
118
34
398
16
82
443
204
52
30
9
113
311
19,142
6,802
1,157
582
191
384
319
368
27
81
20
240
14
33
419
149
27
16
7
99
285
4,377
15,351
13,167
10,293
2,299
575
150
1,363
328
271
348
416
2
5
28
275
93
65
12
105
420
91
PM-10
Total emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel combustion, stationary sources. . . . . .
Electric utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other fuel combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical and allied product manufacture.
Metals processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum and related industries . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solvent utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage and transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste disposal and recycling . . . . . . . . . .
Highway vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light-duty gas vehicles and motorcycles .
Light-duty trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy-duty gas vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diesels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Off-highway 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
Nitrogen
dioxides
Volatile
organic
compounds
Carbon
monoxide
21,103
8,294
4,699
2,870
725
360
825
105
84
149
487
8
16
152
7,366
2,166
1,401
404
3,395
4,086
356
16,544
1,012
52
170
790
765
1,064
214
69
375
406
4,692
1,205
457
4,543
2,496
1,638
201
208
2,688
883
112,049
4,433
499
1,436
2,498
2,331
2,394
337
1,294
128
635
51
215
1,847
62,161
34,400
24,191
2,554
1,016
24,450
16,498
1
Represents both PM-10 and PM-10 fugitive dust; see Table 360. 2 Includes emissions from farm tractors and other farm
machinery, construction equipment, industrial machinery, recreational marine vessels, and small general utility engines such as
lawn mowers. 3 Includes emissions such as from forest fires and other kinds of burning, various agricultural activities, fugitive
dust from paved and unpaved roads, and other construction and mining activities, and natural sources.
Source of Tables 359-361: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Air Pollutant Emission Trends, 1970-2002’’; published 7
January 2005; <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html#tables>.
228
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 362. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases by Type and Source: 1990 to 2002
[6,156.0 represents 6,156,000,000 tons. Emission estimates were mandated by Congress through Section 1605(a) of the Energy
Policy Act of 1992 (Title XVI). Gases that contain carbon can be measured either in terms of the full molecular weight of the gas
or just in terms of their carbon dioxide equivalent. Both measures are utilized below]
Type and source
Unit
CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT
Total emissions . . . . . . . . .
Carbon dioxide, total . . . . . . . . .
Energy sources . . . . . . . . . . . .
CO2 in natural gas . . . . . . . . . .
Cement production . . . . . . . . . .
Gas flaring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industrial . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste combustion . . . . . . . . . .
Other, adjustments . . . . . . . . . .
Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nitrous oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 1 . . . . . . . .
1990
1995
1999
2000
2001
2002
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mil. metric tons .
Mil. metric tons .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
Mil. metric tons . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6,156.0
5,006.1
4,988.6
14.0
33.3
9.1
26.8
17.0
-82.7
719.1
333.8
96.8
6,470.0
5,318.5
5,255.8
16.7
36.9
17.2
28.4
22.2
-58.6
701.8
355.3
94.6
6,795.0
5,686.1
5,630.5
17.8
40.1
6.7
29.3
25.2
-63.5
639.7
347.2
122.1
6,957.0
5,854.0
5,798.6
18.2
41.3
5.5
29.6
19.9
-59.1
638.8
341.2
123.2
6,829.0
5,748.3
5,691.7
18.6
41.4
5.2
27.7
19.8
-56.2
630.2
336.8
113.6
6,862.0
5,795.6
5,729.3
18.1
43.3
5.1
27.4
19.8
-47.3
612.8
333.1
120.6
.
.
.
.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5,006.1
31.27
1.128
(2)
5,318.5
30.51
1.200
(2)
5,686.1
27.81
1.173
(2)
5,854.0
27.77
1.153
(2)
5,748.3
27.40
1.138
(2)
5,795.6
26.65
1.125
(2)
GAS
Carbon dioxide . . . . . . .
Methane, total . . . . . . .
Nitrous oxide, total . . . .
HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 1 .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
metric
metric
metric
metric
tons .
tons .
tons .
tons .
.
.
.
.
Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
2
Mixture of gases.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States, Series DOE/EIA0573(2003), annual. See also <http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/environment/057303.pdf> (released 01 December 2004).
Table 363. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recovery, and Disposal:
1980 to 2003
[In millions of tons (151.6 represents 151,600,000), except as indicated. Covers post-consumer residential and commercial
solid wastes which comprise the major portion of typical municipal collections. Excludes mining, agricultural and industrial
processing, demolition and construction wastes, sewage sludge, and junked autos and obsolete equipment wastes. Based on
material-flows estimating procedure and wet weight as generated]
1980
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
Waste generated . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . .
Materials recovered . . . . . . . . . . .
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . .
Combustion for energy recovery . . .
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . .
Combustion without energy recovery
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . .
Landfill, other disposal. . . . . . . . . .
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . .
Item and material
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
151.6
3.7
14.5
0.35
2.7
0.06
11.0
0.27
123.4
3.0
205.2
4.5
33.2
0.7
31.9
0.7
(1)
(1)
140.1
3.1
211.4
4.4
54.9
1.1
35.5
0.7
(1)
(1)
120.9
2.5
234.0
4.5
68.9
1.3
33.7
0.7
(1)
(1)
131.4
2.6
231.2
4.4
69.3
1.3
33.6
0.7
(1)
(1)
128.3
2.5
235.5
4.5
70.5
1.3
33.4
0.6
(1)
(1)
131.7
2.5
236.2
4.4
72.3
1.4
33.1
0.6
(1)
(1)
130.8
2.5
Percent distribution of generation:
Paper and paperboard . . . . . .
Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rubber and leather . . . . . . . .
Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food wastes . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yard wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other wastes . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
36.4
10.0
10.2
4.5
2.8
1.7
4.6
8.6
18.1
3.2
35.4
6.4
8.1
8.3
2.8
2.8
6.0
10.1
17.1
3.0
38.6
6.1
7.5
8.9
2.9
3.5
4.9
10.3
14.0
3.3
37.5
5.4
7.8
10.5
2.8
4.0
5.5
11.3
11.8
3.2
35.7
5.4
7.9
10.9
2.9
4.2
5.7
11.7
12.1
3.4
35.8
5.4
7.8
11.2
2.8
4.4
5.7
11.6
12.0
3.3
35.2
5.3
8.0
11.3
2.9
4.5
5.8
11.7
12.1
3.2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Combustion without energy recovery is no longer available separately.
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and
Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2003. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Prepared for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. See also <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/>.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
229
Table 364. Generation and Recovery of Selected Materials in Municipal
Solid Waste: 1980 to 2003
[In millions of tons (151.6 represents 151,600,000), except as indicated. Covers post-consumer residential and commercial solid
wastes which comprise the major portion of typical municipal collections. Excludes mining, agricultural and industrial processing,
demolition and construction wastes, sewage sludge, and junked autos and obsolete equipment wastes. Based on material-flows
estimating procedure and wet weight as generated]
Item and material
Waste generated, total . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1980
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
151.6
205.2
211.4
234.0
231.2
235.5
236.2
Paper and paperboard. .
Ferrous metals. . . . . . .
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . .
Other nonferrous metals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
55.2
12.6
1.7
1.2
72.7
12.6
2.8
1.1
81.7
11.6
3.0
1.3
87.7
13.5
3.1
1.6
82.7
13.5
3.2
1.6
84.2
13.6
3.2
1.6
83.1
14.0
3.2
1.6
Glass . . . . . .
Plastics. . . . .
Yard waste . .
Other wastes .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15.1
6.8
27.5
31.5
13.1
17.1
35.0
50.7
12.8
18.9
29.7
52.4
12.6
24.7
27.7
63.1
12.6
25.3
28.0
64.4
12.8
26.3
28.3
65.5
12.5
26.7
28.6
66.5
Materials recovered, total . . . . . . . . . . .
14.5
33.2
54.9
68.9
69.3
70.5
72.3
11.9
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.6
20.2
2.2
1.0
0.7
2.6
0.4
4.2
1.8
32.7
4.1
0.9
0.8
3.1
1.0
9.0
3.2
37.6
4.6
0.9
1.1
2.7
1.4
15.8
4.9
37.7
4.6
0.8
1.1
2.4
1.4
15.8
5.6
38.3
4.9
0.8
1.1
2.5
1.4
16.0
5.6
40.0
5.1
0.7
1.1
2.4
1.4
16.1
5.6
9.6
16.2
26.0
29.4
30.0
29.9
30.6
21.6
3.2
17.6
41.7
5.3
1.9
27.8
17.5
35.7
63.6
19.8
2.3
12.0
3.6
40.0
35.3
30.0
61.5
24.2
5.3
30.3
6.1
42.8
34.1
28.7
67.9
21.4
5.5
57.0
7.8
45.6
34.1
25.0
67.5
19.0
5.5
56.4
8.6
45.5
36.0
23.8
67.5
19.1
5.2
56.5
8.6
48.1
36.4
21.4
66.7
18.8
5.2
56.3
8.5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Paper and paperboard. .
Ferrous metals. . . . . . .
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . .
Other nonferrous metals
Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics. . . . . . . . . . . .
Yard waste . . . . . . . . .
Other wastes . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Percent of generation recovered,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paperboard. .
Ferrous metals. . . . . . .
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . .
Other nonferrous metals
Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics. . . . . . . . . . . .
Yard waste . . . . . . . . .
Other wastes . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- Represents zero.
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and
Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2003. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. See also
<http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/>.
Table 365. Curbside Recycling Programs—Number and Population Served
by Region: 1995 to 2001
[(121,335 represents 121,335,000).] Data for 1998 are not available. For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover]
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Northeast.
South . . .
Midwest. .
West. . . .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Population served
(1,000)
Number of programs
Region
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1995
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
7,375
8,969
9,349
9,247
9,704 121,335 136,229 139,826 133,165 139,366
2,210
1,281
2,985
899
3,406
1,344
3,357
862
3,414
1,581
3,477
877
3,459
1,427
3,582
779
3,421
1,677
3,572
1,034
37,256
31,521
25,487
27,071
1997
43,200
36,952
26,970
29,107
1999
1
43,162
37,914
30,106
28,644
2000
43,482
37,510
22,618
29,555
2001
43,981
26,496
25,851
43,038
Calculated using population of states reporting data.
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2001 Facts
and Figures. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Also in Biocycle Magazine.
230
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 366. Toxic Chemical Releases and Transfers by Media: 1998 to 2003
[In millions of pounds (6,789.8 represents 6,789,800,000), except as indicated. Based on reports filed as required by section
313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA, or Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986), Public Law 99-499. Owners and operators of facilities that are classified within Standard Classification Code
groups 20 through 39, have 10 or more full-time employees, and that manufacture, process, or otherwise use any listed toxic chemical in quantities greater than the established threshold in the course of a calendar year are covered and required to report]
Media
Total facilities reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total releases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On-site releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surface water discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underground injection class I wells . . . . . . . . . .
Underground injection class II-V wells . . . . . . . .
RCRA subtitle C landfills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other landfills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land treatment/application farming . . . . . . . . . .
Surface impoundments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other land disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Off-site releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total transfers offsite for further waste management . .
Tranfers to recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfers to energy recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfers to treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfers to POTWs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfers to POTWs metal and metal compounds 1
Other off-site transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfers off-site for disposal or other releases. . . .
Total production-related waste managed . . . . . . . . . .
Recycled on-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recycled off-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy recovery on-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy recovery off-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Treated on-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Treated off-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quantity disposed or otherwise release of on- and
off-site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-production-related waste managed . . . . . . . . . .
1
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
23,549
6,789.8
6,382.5
2,088.0
254.1
232.4
26.1
190.7
260.3
9.7
1,289.5
2,031.7
407.3
3,859.5
1,774.9
910.3
327.1
333.1
3.6
0.7
509.9
28,036.9
7,385.1
1,833.6
2,717.3
903.1
7,635.7
686.0
23,095
6,215.6
5,737.8
1,914.5
267.0
239.6
29.7
199.8
274.8
13.8
963.0
1,835.7
477.7
3,898.3
1,893.6
812.7
279.0
341.0
2.9
1.1
568.0
32,040.2
7,585.0
1,959.2
2,777.8
827.0
12,194.3
612.1
22,296
5,067.9
4,587.6
1,650.7
230.3
192.3
16.0
117.1
273.7
13.5
801.8
1,292.3
480.2
3,758.7
1,737.5
835.6
281.6
343.0
2.2
1.4
557.5
25,856.3
7,058.0
1,768.9
2,638.5
822.7
7,789.8
620.9
21,522
4,279.5
3,812.5
1,631.1
231.5
201.5
13.6
105.3
229.6
20.3
631.4
748.3
467.0
3,618.0
1,695.9
802.4
274.6
303.3
1.9
0.8
539.0
24,907.1
7,249.1
1,688.8
2,865.5
803.5
7,349.8
562.7
20,681
3,919.8
3,438.3
1,583.0
221.6
199.0
14.7
121.3
219.9
15.1
666.1
397.6
481.6
3,434.3
1,622.3
705.3
285.8
269.2
1.8
0.5
549.4
24,473.9
6,881.2
1,630.3
2,727.2
705.1
7,985.2
524.4
..
..
6,876.2
25.9
6,084.7
243.0
5,157.4
37.1
4,387.7
20.5
4,020.5
28.0
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.
.
POTW (Publicly-Owned Treatment Work) is a wastewater treatment facility that is owned by a state or municipality.
Table 367. Toxic Chemical Releases by Industry: 2003
[In millions of pounds (4,438.7 represents 4,438,700,000), except as indicated. ‘‘Original Industries’’ include owners and
operators. Covers facilities that are classified within Standard Classification Code groups 20 through 39, 10, 12, 49, 5169, 5171,
and 4953/7169 that have 10 or more full-time employees, and that manufacture, process, or otherwise use any listed toxic chemical
in quantities greater than the established threshold in the course of a calendar year are covered and required to report]
Point
source air
emissions
Surface
water discharges
Off-site
releases/
transfers
to
disposal
1,381.3
1.8
0.1
35.1
2.4
4.8
0.4
27.0
5.4
146.2
7.4
168.6
34.6
51.3
0.7
38.1
35.9
23.7
4.1
6.5
51.1
5.1
3.9
1.8
0.5
2.9
222.6
0.7
0.2
83.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
18.7
44.5
17.1
0.1
0.0
2.1
39.4
2.3
0.2
3.6
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.3
4.9
518.0
1.0
7.3
0.4
0.9
0.2
2.0
0.1
5.3
0.3
44.4
3.1
9.5
1.1
5.5
279.4
19.8
3.6
6.4
11.2
0.8
2.2
0.3
33.0
1.3
On-site release
Industry
Total
3
...................
Metal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . . . .
Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel and other textile products . . . . . .
Lumber and wood products . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and publishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical and allied products . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . .
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products
Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . .
Stone, clay, glass products . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metal industries . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metals products . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial machinery and equipment . . . . .
Electronic, electric equipment . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instruments and related products . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical wholesalers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum bulk terminals . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.
1987
SIC1
code
Total onand off-site
releases
(X)
10
12
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
49
5169
5171
4,438.7
1,245.7
12.9
153.2
3.2
7.4
0.7
33.0
6.2
215.0
15.0
544.7
75.0
75.3
2.1
51.2
477.5
58.6
14.3
20.3
74.8
8.7
7.1
3.2
227.1
22.4
Total
2
3,920.7
1,244.7
12.9
145.8
2.8
6.5
0.5
31.0
6.1
209.6
14.7
500.3
71.9
65.8
1.0
45.8
198.1
38.8
10.7
13.8
63.5
7.9
4.9
2.8
194.1
21.2
- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. 1 Standard Industrial Classification, see text, Section 12, Labor Force.
Includes on-site disposal to underground injection for Class I wells, Class II to V wells, other surface impoundments, land
releases, and other releases, not shown separately. 3 Includes industries with no specific industry identified, not shown
separately.
2
Source of Tables 366 and 367: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003 TRI Public Data Release eReport, See also
<http://www.epa.gov/tri/tridata/tri03/2003eReport.pdf> (released May 2005).
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
231
Table 368. Toxic Chemical Releases by State: 2003
[In millions of pounds (4,438.7 represents 4,438,700,000). Excludes delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1994, and
1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, PBT chemicals, sulfuric acid, vanadium, and vanadium compounds. See
headnote, Table 366]
On-site release
Total
onand
off-site
releases
State and
Outlying areas
Total
1
Point
Sursource
face
air
water
emisdissions charges
Offsite
releases/
transfers
to disposal
Total . . . . . . 4,438.7 3,920.7 1,381.3
222.6
518.0
U.S. total . . . 4,428.3 3,911.0 1,373.2
222.2
517.3
7.8
0.5
0.0
5.4
4.6
3.0
0.7
0.9
(Z)
2.5
9.6
0.4
4.6
7.2
23.3
3.3
4.0
3.0
11.3
3.3
2.7
0.1
1.2
1.2
7.8
2.6
(Z)
18.2
19.0
0.2
0.6
6.2
7.7
4.5
1.7
4.1
(Z)
3.4
2.4
0.4
0.6
31.5
99.9
7.5
3.3
7.8
5.8
0.8
4.7
2.1
36.9
5.6
1.5
8.1
1.0
17.7
AL .
AK .
AZ .
AR .
CA .
CO .
CT .
DE .
DC .
FL. .
GA .
HI . .
ID . .
IL . .
IN . .
IA . .
KS .
KY .
LA .
ME .
MD .
MA .
MI . .
MN .
MS .
MO .
MT .
NE .
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
118.4
539.6
48.2
40.6
57.9
22.5
5.4
13.6
(Z)
126.5
126.7
3.1
61.3
132.4
234.8
37.4
28.9
90.6
126.8
9.3
45.5
9.0
101.6
31.4
63.1
102.5
45.2
51.5
99.5
539.4
47.6
34.4
50.2
18.0
3.7
9.5
(Z)
123.0
124.3
2.7
60.7
100.9
134.9
29.9
25.6
82.8
121.1
8.5
40.8
6.9
64.7
25.8
61.6
94.4
44.2
33.7
48.0
1.7
3.6
14.0
14.2
2.2
2.2
7.0
(Z)
71.7
90.2
1.9
3.0
47.4
65.0
18.3
10.6
51.7
42.7
3.6
35.3
5.3
46.3
10.5
26.0
24.9
3.5
6.0
On-site release
Total
onand
off-site
releases
State and
Outlying areas
NV .
NH .
NJ. .
NM .
NY .
NC .
ND .
OH .
OK .
OR .
PA .
RI . .
SC .
SD .
TN .
TX .
UT .
VT .
VA .
WA .
WV .
WI. .
WY .
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.
.
American
Samoa . . . .
Guam . . . . .
Northern
Marianas . .
Puerto Rico. .
Virgin Islands
Total
1
Point
Sursource
face
air
water
emisdissions charges
Offsite
releases/
transfers
to disposal
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
409.1
5.9
23.1
17.9
44.0
129.1
23.6
251.6
30.0
42.1
166.9
0.9
83.7
10.3
142.5
261.9
242.0
0.3
74.2
22.9
102.2
50.8
19.3
408.3
5.5
16.8
17.8
39.5
119.1
14.4
206.4
25.3
40.9
114.0
0.6
61.4
10.2
135.4
235.4
238.9
0.2
64.8
21.1
96.7
31.1
18.2
1.3
5.2
10.5
0.6
24.3
93.4
4.6
123.3
13.5
10.8
85.1
0.4
45.4
0.8
77.7
56.5
7.3
(Z)
45.7
11.8
75.1
21.8
1.6
0.1
0.1
4.1
0.1
7.9
8.6
0.2
6.7
3.5
2.5
9.7
(Z)
3.5
3.2
2.4
21.7
0.1
0.1
8.2
1.4
4.2
4.6
(Z)
0.8
0.5
6.3
0.1
4.5
10.0
9.2
45.2
4.6
1.2
52.9
0.3
22.3
0.1
7.2
26.5
3.1
0.1
9.4
1.7
5.4
19.7
1.0
.
.
(Z)
0.2
(Z)
0.2
(Z)
0.2
0.1
(Z)
.
.
.
(Z)
8.8
1.3
(Z)
8.1
1.3
(Z)
7.1
0.8
(Z)
0.4
(Z)
0.7
(Z)
- Represents zero. Z Less than 50,000. 1 Includes other types of release not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003 TRI Public Data Release eReport, (released May 2005). See also
<http://www.epa.gov/tri/tridata/tri03/2003eReport.pdf> (released May 2005).
Table 369. Hazardous Waste Sites on the National Priority List by State and
Outlying Area: 2004
[As of December 31. Includes both proposed and final sites listed on the National Priorities List for the Superfund program as
authorized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986]
State and
outlying area
Total . . . . . . .
United States
Alabama . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . .
Arkansas . . . . .
California . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . .
Connecticut . . . .
Delaware . . . . .
District
of Columbia . . .
Florida . . . . . . .
Georgia . . . . . .
Hawaii . . . . . . .
Idaho . . . . . . . .
Illinois . . . . . . .
Indiana . . . . . . .
Iowa . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . .
Kentucky . . . . .
Louisiana . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . .
Maryland . . . . .
Massachusetts. .
Michigan. . . . . .
Minnesota . . . . .
Mississippi . . . .
Missouri . . . . . .
Total
sites
Percent
distriRank bution
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,302
1,286
15
6
9
10
95
18
16
14
(X)
(X)
25
44
41
40
3
21
23
28
(X)
100.0
1.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
7.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
52
15
3
9
47
30
13
12
14
16
12
20
32
69
24
5
26
(X)
6
26
46
42
7
13
31
33
29
24
34
19
12
5
18
45
16
0.1
4.0
1.2
0.2
0.7
3.7
2.3
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.2
0.9
1.6
2.5
5.4
1.9
0.4
2.0
Federal
Nonfederal
164 1,138
162 1,124
3
12
5
1
2
7
10
23
72
3
15
1
15
1
13
1
6
2
2
2
5
1
2
1
1
3
9
7
1
2
3
46
13
1
7
42
30
12
10
13
15
9
11
25
68
22
5
23
State and
outlying area
Montana . . . . . .
Nebraska . . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire .
New Jersey . . . .
New Mexico . . .
New York . . . . .
North Carolina . .
North Dakota . . .
Ohio . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . .
Pennsylvania . . .
Rhode Island . . .
South Carolina. .
South Dakota . .
Tennessee . . . .
Texas . . . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . . .
Vermont . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . .
Washington . . . .
West Virginia . . .
Wisconsin . . . . .
Wyoming . . . . .
Total
sites
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Percent
distriRank bution
Federal
Nonfederal
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
12
1
20
114
13
91
30
37
11
11
96
12
26
2
14
43
17
11
30
47
9
39
2
27
35
49
20
1
32
4
14
50
11
37
38
2
36
17
47
30
9
22
39
15
8
43
10
48
1.2
0.9
0.1
1.6
8.9
1.0
7.1
2.3
0.0
2.9
0.9
0.9
7.5
0.9
2.0
0.2
1.1
3.3
1.3
0.9
2.3
3.7
0.7
3.0
0.2
1
1
8
1
4
2
5
1
2
6
2
2
1
4
4
4
11
14
2
1
15
11
1
19
106
12
87
28
32
10
9
90
10
24
1
10
39
13
11
19
33
7
39
1
Guam . . . . . . . . .
Puerto Rico . . . . .
Virgin Islands . . . .
2
12
2
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
1
1
-
1
11
2
X Not applicable. - Represents zero.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Supplementary Materials: CERCLIS3/WasteLan Database (25 April 2005).
232
Geography and Environmental
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 370. Federal Funding for the Superfund, Brownfields, and Related
Programs: 1995 to 2005
[In millions of dollars (1,354 represents $1,354,000,000). For fiscal years ending in year shown; see text, Section 8, State
and Local Government Finances and Employment. Represents either outlays or obligations; see footnotes below for further
explanation]
Program
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Current dollars
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,354
1,314
1,394
1,503
1,503
1,403
1,408
1,418
1,590
1,579
1,567
.
.
.
.
1,224
2
69
59
1,195
8
59
52
1,239
37
64
54
1,279
89
74
61
1,273
91
76
63
1,178
92
70
63
1,179
91
75
63
1,175
95
78
70
1,265
167
82
76
1,258
170
73
78
1,247
164
76
80
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,589
1,514
1,578
1,682
1,660
1,519
1,489
1,473
1,622
1,579
1,537
1,437
2
81
69
1,377
9
68
60
1,403
42
72
61
1,431
100
83
68
1,406
100
84
70
1,275
100
76
68
1,247
96
79
67
1,220
99
81
73
1,290
170
84
78
1,258
170
73
78
1,223
161
75
78
Superfund 1. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brownfields 3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATSDR 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NIEHS 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Constant (2004) dollars 6
Superfund 2. .
Brownfields 3 .
ATSDR 4 . . .
NIEHS 5 . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
For purposes of this analysis, excludes all emergency supplemental appropriations designated specifically for homeland
2
security purposes.
Superfund program funding is the enacted appropriations excluding amounts designated for the
3
Brownfields, ATSDR, and NIEHS programs.
Brownfields funding includes amounts received through the Superfund
appropriations for fiscal years 1995 through 2002 and direct appropriations for fiscal years 2003 through 2005. 4 Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) funding includes
amounts received through the Superfund appropriations for fiscal years 1995 through 2000 and direct appropriations for fiscal
years 2001 through 2005. 5 The amount designated for the Brownfields program in fiscal year 1993 was 0.15 million in current
year dollars and 0.18 in constant year 2004 dollars. 6 The current years dollars adjusted for inflation using the Gross Domestic
Product (Chained) Price Index, with 2004 as the reference year.
Source: U.S. Government Accountability Office, Hazardous Waste Programs: Information on Appropriations and Expenditures
for Superfund, Brownfields, and Related Programs, series GAO-05-746R, June 30, 2005. See also <http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05746r.pdf>
(released 30 June 2005).
Table 371. Hazardous Waste Generated, Shipped, and Received by State and
Outlying Area: 2001
[In thousands of tons (40,821 represents 40,821,000). Covers hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 as amended. For generation, based on reports from any large quantity generator while for
shipments based on large quantity generators and facilities which treated, stored, or disposed on RCRA hazardous wastes on site.
For further information on coverage, see report]
State and
outlying area
Generated
Shipped
Received
Total . . . . . . . . . .
40,821.5
6,831.8
8,094.7
United States. . . . . .
40,633.4
6,730.6
8,050.2
1,569.7
5.1
96.5
857.9
807.3
66.8
62.5
17.5
2.1
400.1
760.0
464.9
214.4
1,412.1
1,127.5
47.1
1,571.6
2,686.6
3,883.6
6.2
17.6
1,121.8
649.2
1,662.6
2,165.7
101.8
276.7
4.0
59.3
290.1
716.7
29.9
74.9
16.9
2.1
58.3
110.7
0.8
5.1
370.8
426.6
44.9
46.9
205.2
150.2
5.4
10.6
61.9
426.6
62.2
36.5
65.5
149.8
50.6
262.3
269.3
14.5
52.1
3.3
14.9
19.4
0.1
90.4
354.3
501.3
1.0
169.6
96.5
258.3
1.4
53.6
26.9
568.5
182.3
68.1
239.4
Alabama . . . . . . . .
Alaska . . . . . . . . .
Arizona . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . .
Colorado . . . . . . . .
Connecticut . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . .
District of Columbia .
Florida . . . . . . . . .
Georgia . . . . . . . .
Hawaii . . . . . . . . .
Idaho . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana . . . . . . . . .
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky . . . . . . . .
Louisiana . . . . . . .
Maine . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts . . . .
Michigan . . . . . . . .
Minnesota . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . .
Missouri . . . . . . . .
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
State and
outlying area
Generated
Shipped
Received
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6.9
31.4
277.3
12.3
586.2
962.8
3,534.3
329.7
574.6
1,889.1
887.6
49.9
398.4
9.4
142.5
1.0
629.8
7,555.4
88.7
4.1
209.4
240.8
101.2
294.8
37.6
6.5
26.3
5.6
12.3
389.6
7.4
181.7
85.8
3.5
703.7
35.4
48.5
313.7
9.3
155.6
1.3
54.4
663.5
88.6
4.4
89.4
77.5
43.1
163.0
1.8
580.1
54.7
540.1
1.5
585.3
24.6
0.5
885.6
72.6
40.8
417.4
6.8
268.8
0.2
40.6
762.0
83.3
0.3
75.7
41.0
8.4
112.2
-
Guam . . . . . . . . . . .
Puerto Rico . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands . . . . . .
0.4
176.6
2.0
0.4
98.1
2.0
0.1
44.4
-
Montana . . . . .
Nebraska . . . .
Nevada . . . . . .
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . .
New Mexico. . .
New York . . . .
North Carolina .
North Dakota . .
Ohio . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma . . . .
Oregon . . . . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
South Dakota . .
Tennessee. . . .
Texas . . . . . . .
Utah . . . . . . . .
Vermont . . . . .
Virginia . . . . . .
Washington . . .
West Virginia . .
Wisconsin . . . .
Wyoming. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- Represents zero.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, The National Biennial RCRA Harardous Waste Report (Based on 2001 Data),
series EPA530-R-03-007. See also <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/data/brs01/national.pdf> (released 15 July 2003).
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
233
Table 372. Environmental Industry—Revenues and Employment,
by Industry Segment: 1990 to 2004
[148.8 represents $148,800,000,000. Covers approximately 59,000 private and public companies engaged in environmental activities]
Revenue (bil. dol.)
Industry segment
Industry total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytical services 1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Wastewater treatment works 2 . . . .
Solid waste management 3 . . . . . .
Hazardous waste management 4. . .
Remediation/industrial services . . . .
Consulting and engineering . . . . . .
Water equipment and chemicals . . .
Instrument manufacturing . . . . . . .
Air pollution control equipment 5 . . .
Waste management equipment 6. . .
Process and prevention technology .
Water utilities 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resource recovery 8 . . . . . . . . . . .
Clean energy systems and power . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Employment
1990
1995
2000
2004
1990
1995
2000
2004
148.8
186.3
214.2
240.8
1,171,700
1,358,600
1,451,400
1,501,600
2.1
18.4
26.1
7.1
9.9
12.5
13.4
2.0
11.1
8.7
0.4
19.8
13.1
4.3
1.8
25.1
32.5
8.4
9.9
15.5
16.6
3.0
15.3
9.8
0.8
25.3
16.9
5.6
1.8
28.7
39.4
8.5
10.1
17.4
19.8
3.8
19.1
10.0
1.2
29.9
16.0
8.6
1.8
32.6
44.1
8.5
10.5
20.0
23.6
4.1
19.4
9.5
1.5
33.8
17.1
14.3
24,100
82,600
205,500
60,300
118,900
147,100
91,800
18,000
81,500
69,600
9,300
98,500
142,900
21,600
21,200
108,500
243,400
70,800
112,000
180,300
110,300
26,200
109,100
75,500
19,500
118,200
136,000
27,600
20,200
118,800
266,300
70,000
100,200
184,000
130,500
30,300
129,600
75,500
29,000
130,000
127,000
40,000
19,800
128,000
279,300
66,800
93,300
195,900
142,000
31,200
127,300
68,200
27,600
138,100
128,500
55,600
1
Covers environmental laboratory testing and services. 2 Mostly revenues collected by municipal entities. 3 Covers such
activities as collection, transportation, transfer stations, disposal, landfill ownership and management for solid waste.
4
Transportation and disposal of hazardous, medical and nuclear waste. 5 Includes stationary and mobile sources. 6 Includes
vehicles, containers, liners, processing and remediation equipment. 7 Revenues generated from the sale of water. 8 Revenues
generated from the sale of recovered metals, paper, plastic, etc.
Source: Environmental Business International, Inc., San Diego, CA, Environmental Business Journal, monthly (copyright).
Table 373. Threatened and Endangered Wildlife and Plant Species—
Number: 2005
[As of April. Endangered species: One in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant part of its natural range.
Threatened species: One likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future]
Mammals
Birds
..
349
271
116
..
..
..
319
68
251
252
77
175
..
..
..
30
10
20
19
13
6
Item
Total listings . . .
Endangered species,
total. . . . . . . . . . . .
United States . . . . .
Foreign . . . . . . . . .
Threatened species,
total. . . . . . . . . . . .
United States . . . . .
Foreign . . . . . . . . .
Rep- Amphibtiles
ians
Crustaceans Insects
Arachnids
Plants
48
12
749
18
18
-
39
35
4
12
12
-
600
599
1
3
3
-
9
9
-
-
149
147
2
Fish
Snails
Clams
30
125
33
72
21
78
14
64
19
11
8
81
70
11
22
21
1
64
62
2
38
22
16
11
10
1
44
43
1
11
11
-
8
8
-
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Bulletin, bimonthly; and <http://ecos.fws.gov/tesspublic/TESSBoxscore>
(released 05 April 2005).
Table 374. Tornadoes, Floods, Tropical Storms, and Lightning: 1993 to 2003
Weather type
1998
2003,
prel.
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
....
....
....
33
(NA)
(NA)
69
(NA)
(NA)
30
650
410.8
26
705
719.6
67
130
94
1,033 1,868 1,842
730.7 1,714.2 1,989.9
41
882
423.6
40
743
630.1
55
54
968
1,087
801.3 1,263.2
....
....
....
103
(NA)
(NA)
91
80
131
118
136
68
38
48
(NA)
57
95
525 6,440
301
47
277
(NA) 1,250.5 2,120.7 6,910.6 2,324.8 1,420.7 1,255.1 1,220.3
49
85
88
65
655.0 2,540.9
1
Tornadoes:
Lives lost . . . . . . . . .
Injuries . . . . . . . . . . .
Property loss (mil. dol.)
Floods and flash floods:
Lives lost . . . . . . . . .
Injuries . . . . . . . . . . .
Property loss (mil. dol.)
North Atlantic tropical storms
and hurricanes 2 . . . . . . .
Number of hurricanes
reaching U.S. mainland .
Direct deaths on U.S
mainland . . . . . . . . . . .
Property loss in U.S.
mil.dol.). . . . . . . . . . . .
Lightning:
Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
8
7
19
13
7
14
12
15
15
12
(NA)
..
1
-
2
2
1
3
3
-
-
1
(NA)
9
17
37
1
9
19
-
24
51
14
..
2
..
57.0
..
..
43
295
973.0 5,932.3 1,436.1
69
577
85
433
52
309
667.6 3,546.6 4,190.1
42
306
44
283
46
243
8.1 5,187.8 1,104.4 1,879.5
51
364
44
371
51
256
44
237
1
Source: U.S. National Weather Service, Internet site <http://www.spc
- Represents zero. NA Not available.
.noaa.gov/climo/torn/monthlytornstats.html> (accessed 14 April 2004). A violent, rotating column of air descending from a
cumulonimbus cloud in the form of a tubular- or funnel-shaped cloud, usually characterized by movements along a narrow path and
wind speeds from 100 to over 300 miles per hour. Also known as a ‘‘twister’’ or ‘‘waterspout.’’ 2 Source: National Hurricane
Center (NHC), Coral Gables, FL, unpublished data. For data on individual hurricanes, see the NHC Web site at <http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/>.
Tropical storms have winds of 39 to 73 miles per hour; hurricanes have winds of 74 miles per hour or higher.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Storm Data, monthly. See also
NOAA Web site at <http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml> and <http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/severeweather/sum03.pdf>
(released 03 March 2004).
234
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 375. Major U.S. Weather Disasters: 1995 to 2004
[6.5 represents $6,500,000,000. Covers only weather related disasters costing $1 billion or more]
Event
Description
Time period
Hurricane Jeanne . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall in east-central Florida,
September
causing considerable damage in Florida and some flood dam2004
age in GA, SC, NC, VA, MD, DE, NJ, PA, and NY.
Hurricane Ivan . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall on Gulf coast of Alabama
September
causing significant damage in AL and FL and wind/flood dam2004
age in GA, SC, NC, LA, MS, WV, MD, TN, KY, OH, DE, NJ,
PA, and NY.
Hurricane Jeanne . . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane makes landfall in east-central Florida causSeptember
ing significant damage in FL and considerable flood damage
2004
in GA, SC, NC, and NY.
Hurricane Charly. . . . . . . . Category 4 hurricane makes landfall in southwest FL resultSeptember
ing in major damage in FL and some damage in SC and NC.
2004
Southern California
Dry weather, high winds, and resulting wildfires in southern Oct.−early Nov.
wildfires. . . . . . . . . . . . . CA burned 743,000 acres and destroyed 3700 homes.
2003
Hurricane Isabel . . . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane makes landfall in eastern NC, causing
September
damage along coasts of NC, VA, and MD with wind damage
2003
and flooding in NC, VA, MD, DE, WV, NJ, NY and PA.
Midwest severe storms
Numerous tornadoes over the midwest, MS River valley, and Early May 2003
and tornadoes . . . . . . . . OH/TN River valleys with record 400 tornadoes in one week.
Storms and hail . . . . . . . . Severe storms and large hail over southern plains, lower MS Early April 2003
River valley, and TX.
Widespread drought . . . . . Moderate to extreme drought over large portions of 30 states.
Spring to fall
2002
Western fire season . . . . . Major fires over 11 western states from Rockies to west coast.
Spring to fall
2002
Tropical Storm Allison . . . . Tropical storm produced rainfall and severe flooding in coastal
June 2001
portions of TX and LA and damage in MS, FL, VA, and PA.
Midwest and Ohio Valley
Storms, tornadoes, and hail in TX, OK, KS, NE, IA, MO, IL,
April 2001
hail and tornadoes . . . . . IN, WI, MI, OH, KY, and PA.
Southern drought/heat
Severe drought and heat over south-central and southeast- Spring−summer
wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ern states cause significant losses in agriculture and related
2000
industries.
Spring−summer
Western fire season . . . . . Severe fire season in western states.
2000
Hurricane Floyd . . . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane in NC, causing severe flooding in NC
September
and some flooding in SC, VA, MD, PA, NY, NJ, DE, RI, CT,
1999
MA, and VT.
Drought/heat wave . . . . . . Drought/heatwave over eastern U.S.
Summer 1999
Oklahoma-Kansas
Category F4-F5 tornadoes hit OK, KS, TX, and TN.
May 1999
tornadoes . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas-Tennessee
Two outbreaks of tornadoes in 6-day period.
January 1999
tornadoes . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas flooding . . . . . . . . . Severe flooding in southeast Texas from 2 heavy rain events Oct.−Nov. 1998
with 10−20 in. totals.
Hurricane Georges . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane in Puerto Rico, Florida Keys, and Gulf
September
coasts of LA, MS, AL, and FL.
1998
Hurricane Bonnie . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane in eastern NC and VA.
August 1998
Southern drought/
Severe drought and heat wave from TX/OK to the Carolinas.
Summer 1998
heat wave . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota severe
Very damaging severe thunderstorms with large hail over wide
May 1998
storms/hail . . . . . . . . . . . areas of Minnesota.
Southeast severe
Tornadoes and flooding related to strong El Nino in the southWinter/Spring
weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . east.
1998
Northeast ice storm . . . . . . Intense ice storm hits ME, NH, VT, and NY.
January 1998
Northern plains flooding . . . Severe flooding in Dakotas and Minnesota due to heavy spring April−May 1997
snowmelt.
MS and OH valleys
Tornadoes and severe flooding hit the states of AR, MO, MS,
March 1997
flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . TN, IL, IN, KY, OH, and WV.
West Coast flooding . . . . . Flooding from rains and snowmelt in CA, WA, OR, ID, NV, and Dec. 1996−Jan.
MT
1999
Hurricane Fran . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane in NC and VA.
Sept. 1996
Southern Plains
Drought in agricultural areas of TX and OK.
Fall 1995−
severe drought . . . . . . . .
summer 1996
Pacific Northwest severe
Flooding from heavy rain and snowmelt in OR, WA, ID, and
Feb. 1996
flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . MT.
Blizzard of ’96 followed by Heavy snowstorm followed by severe flooding in
Jan. 1996
flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appalachians,Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast.
Estimated
cost
(bil.dol.) Deaths
over 6.5
28
over 12
52
over 9
38
over 14
34
2.5
22
over 4
47
over 3.1
41
over 1.6
21
over 10
43
over 2
3
5.0
140
1.7
75
over 4.0
256
over 2.0
55
6.0
31
1.0
1.0
40
75
1.3
256
1.0
55
3-4
31
1.0
6.0
31
16
1.5
2
1.0
200
1.4
2.0
16
11
1.0
67
2−3
36
5.0
Over 4
(NA)
9
1.0
187
3.0
27
- Represents zero. NA Not available or not reported.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, ‘‘Billion Dollar U.S. Weather
Disasters, 1980-2003’’ (release date: March 2, 2004) and also <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/billionz.html#TOP> (released
12 January 2005).
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
235
Table 376. Highest and Lowest Temperatures by State Through 2000
Highest temperatures
State
Lowest temperatures
Temperature (F)
Station
U.S. . . . Greenland Ranch, CA. .
Date
134
AL .
AK.
AZ .
AR.
CA.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Centerville . . . . .
Fort Yukon . . . . .
Lake Havasu City
Ozark . . . . . . . .
Greenland Ranch
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
112
100
128
120
134
CO
CT.
DE.
FL .
GA
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bennett . .
Danbury .
Millsboro .
Monticello
Greenville
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pahala . . . . .
Orofino . . . . .
East St. Louis .
Collegeville . .
Keokuk . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
KS.
KY.
LA .
ME
MD
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
MA
MI .
MN
MS
MO
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
MT
NE.
NV.
NH
NJ .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
NM
NY.
NC
ND
OH
.
.
.
.
.
OK
OR
PA .
RI .
SC.
Station
Jul. 10, 1913 Prospect Creek, AK . . .
Temperature (F)
Date
-80
Jan. 23, 1971
Sep. 5,
Jun. 27,
Jun. 29,
Aug. 10,
Jul. 10,
1925
1915
1994
1936
1913
New Market . . . . . . .
Prospect Creek Camp
Hawley Lake . . . . . .
Pond. . . . . . . . . . . .
Boca . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-27
-80
-40
-29
-45
Jan. 30,
Jan. 23,
Jan. 7,
Feb. 13,
Jan. 20,
1966
1971
1971
1905
1937
118
106
110
109
112
Jul. 11,
Jul. 15,
Jul. 21,
Jun. 29,
Aug. 20,
1888
1995
1930
1931
1983
Maybell . . . . . . .
Falls Village . . . .
Millsboro . . . . . .
Tallahassee . . . .
CCC Camp F-16 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-61
-32
-17
-2
-17
Feb. 1,
Feb. 16,
Jan. 17,
Feb. 13,
1
Jan. 27,
1985
1943
1893
1899
1940
.
.
.
.
.
100
118
117
116
118
Apr.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
1931
1934
1954
1936
1934
Mauna Kea Obs. 111.2.
Island Park Dam . . . . .
Congerville. . . . . . . . .
New Whiteland . . . . . .
Elkader . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
12
-60
-36
-36
-47
May 17,
Jan. 18,
Jan. 5,
Jan. 19,
2
Feb. 3,
1979
1943
1999
1994
1996
.
.
.
.
.
Alton (near) . . . . . . . . .
Greensburg . . . . . . . . .
Plain Dealing . . . . . . . .
North Bridgton . . . . . . .
Cumberland & Frederick .
121
114
114
105
109
2
Jul. 24, 1936
Jul. 28, 1930
Aug. 10, 1936
2
Jul. 10, 1911
2
Jul. 10, 1936
Lebanon . .
Shelbyville .
Minden . . .
Van Buren .
Oakland . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-40
-37
-16
-48
-40
Feb.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Jan.
13,
19,
13,
19,
13,
1905
1994
1899
1925
1912
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
New Bedford & Chester
Mio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moorhead . . . . . . . . .
Holly Springs . . . . . . .
Warsaw & Union . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
107
112
114
115
118
Aug. 2,
Jul. 13,
2
Jul. 6,
Jul. 29,
2
Jul. 14,
Chester . .
Vanderbilt
Tower . . .
Corinth . .
Warsaw . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-35
-51
-60
-19
-40
Jan. 12,
Feb. 9,
Feb. 2,
Jan. 30,
Feb. 13,
1981
1934
1996
1966
1905
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Medicine
Minden .
Laughlin
Nashua .
Runyon .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
117
118
125
106
110
Jul. 5, 1937
Jul. 24, 1936
Jun. 29, 1994
Jul. 4, 1911
Jul. 10, 1936
Rogers Pass . .
Camp Clarke . .
San Jacinto . . .
Mt. Washington.
River Vale . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-70
-47
-50
-47
-34
Jan. 20,
Feb. 12,
Jan. 8,
Jan. 29,
Jan. 5,
1954
1899
1937
1934
1904
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Waste Isolat Pilot Plt
Troy . . . . . . . . . . .
Fayetteville. . . . . . .
Steele . . . . . . . . . .
Gallipolis (near). . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
122
108
110
121
113
Jun. 27,
Jul. 22,
Aug. 21,
Jul. 6,
2
Jul. 21,
1994
1926
1983
1936
1934
Gavilan . . .
Old Forge .
Mt. Mitchell
Parshall . . .
Milligan . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-50
-52
-34
-60
-39
Feb. 1,
Feb. 18,
Jan. 21,
Feb. 15,
Feb. 10,
1951
1979
1985
1936
1899
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Tipton . . . .
Pendleton .
Phoenixville
Providence.
Camden . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
120
119
111
104
111
1994
1898
1936
1975
1954
Watts . . . . . .
Seneca . . . . .
Smethport . . .
Kingston . . . .
Caesars Head
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-27
-54
-42
-23
-19
Jan. 18,
Feb. 10,
1
Jan. 5,
Jan. 11,
Jan. 21,
1930
1933
1904
1942
1985
SD.
TN.
TX .
UT.
VT .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Gannvalley. .
Perryville . . .
Seymour . . .
Saint George
Vernon . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
120
113
120
117
105
Jul. 5, 1936
2
Aug. 9, 1930
Aug. 12, 1936
Jul. 5, 1985
Jul. 4, 1911
McIntosh . . . .
Mountain City .
Seminole . . . .
Peter’s Sink . .
Bloomfield . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-58
-32
-23
-69
-50
Feb. 17,
Dec. 30,
2
Feb. 8,
Feb. 1,
Dec. 30,
1936
1917
1933
1985
1933
VA .
WA
WV
WI .
WY
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Balcony Falls . .
Ice Harbor Dam
Martinsburg . . .
Wisconsin Dells
Basin . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
110
118
112
114
114
Mtn. Lake Bio. Stn. .
Mazama & Winthrop
Lewisburg . . . . . . .
Couderay. . . . . . . .
Riverside R.S. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-30
-48
-37
-55
-66
Jan. 22,
Dec. 30,
Dec. 30,
Feb. 4,
Feb. 9,
1985
1968
1917
1996
1933
1
Estimated.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Lake
....
....
....
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
27,
28,
14,
14,
20,
1975
1936
1936
1930
1954
2
2
Jun. 27,
Aug. 10,
2
Jul. 10,
Aug. 2,
2
Jun. 28,
Jul. 15,
5,
Jul. 10,
Jul. 13,
Jul. 12,
2
Aug.
2
1954
1961
1936
1936
1900
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
Also on earlier dates at the same or other places.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, <http://www.lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather
/temperatures.html> (released 25 April 2002).
236
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 377. Normal Daily Mean, Maximum, and Minimum Temperatures—
Selected Cities
[In Fahrenheit degrees. Airport data except as noted. Based on standard 30-year period, 1971 through 2000]
Daily mean temperature
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
1
Station
Jan.
July
Annual
average
Daily maximum temperature
Jan.
Daily minimum temperature
July
Annual
average
Jan.
July
Annual
average
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco .
Denver. . . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50.1
25.7
54.2
40.1
57.1
46.3
57.8
49.4
29.2
25.7
31.5
34.9
81.5
56.8
92.8
82.4
69.3
75.4
70.9
62.8
73.4
73.7
76.6
79.2
66.8
41.5
72.9
62.1
63.3
61.1
64.4
57.3
50.1
50.2
54.4
57.5
60.7
30.6
65.0
49.5
65.6
53.8
65.8
55.9
43.2
34.1
39.3
42.5
91.2
64.3
104.2
92.8
75.3
92.4
75.8
71.1
88.0
84.9
86.0
88.3
77.4
47.6
84.5
72.7
70.6
73.7
70.8
65.1
64.2
60.5
63.6
66.4
39.5
20.7
43.4
30.8
48.6
38.8
49.7
42.9
15.2
17.2
23.7
27.3
71.8
49.2
81.4
72.0
63.3
58.3
65.9
54.5
58.7
62.4
67.3
70.1
56.2
35.3
61.1
51.5
56.1
48.4
58.1
49.6
35.8
40.0
45.1
48.6
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise. . . . . .
Chicago . . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
53.1
68.1
42.7
73.0
30.2
22.0
22.5
26.5
20.4
30.2
33.0
52.6
81.6
83.7
80.0
80.8
74.7
73.3
75.1
75.4
76.1
81.0
78.4
82.7
68.0
76.7
62.2
77.5
52.0
49.1
50.8
52.5
50.0
56.4
57.0
68.8
64.2
76.5
51.9
80.4
36.7
29.6
30.7
34.5
29.1
40.1
41.0
61.8
90.8
90.9
89.4
87.8
89.2
83.5
85.7
85.6
86.0
92.9
87.0
91.1
78.4
84.2
72.0
84.7
62.6
58.3
60.7
62.3
59.8
67.4
66.0
78.0
41.9
59.6
33.5
65.7
23.6
14.3
14.3
18.5
11.7
20.3
24.9
43.4
72.4
76.5
70.6
73.8
60.3
63.2
64.6
65.2
66.1
69.1
69.8
74.2
57.6
69.1
52.3
70.2
41.3
39.8
40.9
42.7
40.2
45.2
47.9
59.6
Portland . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie. . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Jackson . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21.7
32.3
29.3
24.5
13.2
8.4
13.1
45.0
26.9
29.6
21.7
68.7
76.5
73.9
73.5
63.9
65.5
73.2
81.4
78.5
80.2
66.2
45.8
54.6
51.6
49.8
40.1
39.1
45.4
64.1
54.2
56.3
43.8
30.9
41.2
36.5
31.1
21.5
17.9
21.9
55.1
36.0
37.9
32.1
78.8
87.2
82.2
83.4
75.7
76.3
83.3
91.4
88.8
89.8
82.0
55.2
65.1
59.3
58.4
49.6
48.7
54.7
75.0
64.3
65.7
56.4
12.5
23.5
22.1
17.8
4.9
-1.2
4.3
35.0
17.8
21.2
11.3
58.6
65.8
65.5
63.6
52.0
54.6
63.0
71.4
68.2
70.6
50.4
36.3
44.2
43.9
41.0
30.5
29.3
35.9
53.2
44.0
46.9
31.1
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . . .
Concord . . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque .
Albany . . . . .
Buffalo . . . . .
New York 1 . .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21.7
33.6
20.1
32.1
35.7
22.2
24.5
32.1
41.7
39.7
10.2
76.7
71.3
70.0
75.3
78.5
71.1
70.8
76.5
80.3
78.8
70.4
50.7
51.3
45.9
53.5
56.8
47.6
48.0
54.6
61.4
59.6
42.3
31.7
45.5
30.6
41.4
47.6
31.1
31.1
38.0
51.3
49.8
21.1
87.4
91.2
82.9
85.1
92.3
82.2
79.6
84.2
90.1
89.1
84.5
61.5
67.4
57.7
63.6
70.4
57.6
55.9
61.7
71.7
70.6
54.5
11.6
21.8
9.7
22.8
23.8
13.3
17.8
26.2
32.1
29.6
-0.6
65.9
51.4
57.1
65.4
64.7
60.0
62.1
68.8
70.6
68.5
56.4
39.8
35.2
34.1
43.3
43.2
37.5
39.9
47.5
51.0
48.6
30.1
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus. . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh. . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
29.7
25.7
28.3
36.7
39.9
32.3
27.5
28.7
44.6
14.0
39.9
36.8
76.3
71.9
75.1
82.0
68.1
77.6
72.6
73.3
82.0
73.0
82.5
79.1
54.2
49.7
52.9
60.1
53.5
55.3
51.0
51.1
63.6
45.1
62.4
58.9
38.0
32.6
36.2
47.1
45.6
39.0
35.1
37.1
55.1
25.2
48.6
45.6
86.4
81.4
85.3
93.1
79.3
85.5
82.7
82.6
92.1
85.6
92.1
88.7
64.0
58.1
62.6
71.1
62.1
63.2
60.4
60.2
74.8
57.2
72.1
69.0
21.3
18.8
20.3
26.2
34.2
25.5
19.9
20.3
34.0
2.9
31.3
27.9
66.1
62.3
64.9
70.8
56.9
69.7
62.4
64.1
71.8
60.3
72.9
69.5
44.3
41.2
43.2
49.2
44.8
47.4
41.5
42.0
52.5
33.0
52.5
48.8
Dallas-Fort Worth.
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington. . . . . .
Norfolk. . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma . .
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
44.1
45.1
51.8
29.2
18.0
40.1
36.4
40.9
27.3
33.4
20.7
25.9
85.0
83.3
83.6
77.0
70.6
79.1
77.9
65.3
68.6
73.9
72.0
67.7
65.5
64.7
68.8
52.0
45.2
59.6
57.6
52.3
47.3
54.5
47.5
45.0
54.1
57.2
62.3
37.0
26.7
47.8
45.3
45.8
32.8
42.6
28.0
37.1
95.4
94.5
93.6
90.6
81.4
86.8
87.5
75.3
82.5
84.9
81.1
81.9
75.8
77.1
79.4
62.9
54.5
67.8
67.8
59.8
57.4
65.4
55.9
57.6
34.0
32.9
41.2
21.3
9.3
32.3
27.6
35.9
21.7
24.2
13.4
14.8
74.6
72.0
73.5
63.4
59.8
71.4
68.3
55.3
54.6
62.9
62.9
53.4
55.1
52.1
58.2
41.2
35.8
51.4
47.4
44.8
37.2
43.5
39.2
32.3
San Juan . . . . . . . . . .
76.6
82.2
79.9
82.4
87.4
85.5
70.8
76.9
74.2
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatography of the United States, No. 81.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
237
Table 378. Highest Temperature of Record—Selected Cities
[In Fahrenheit degrees. Airport data, except as noted. For period of record through 2003]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
1
Length
of
record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar.
Station
Apr. May June
July Aug. Sept.
Oct. Nov. Dec.
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco .
Denver. . . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
59
66
62
68
53
63
76
61
49
56
62
84
57
88
83
91
70
88
72
73
66
75
79
82
57
92
85
92
76
90
78
76
73
78
82
90
61
100
91
95
88
93
85
84
89
86
89
94
74
105
95
102
95
98
92
90
96
94
95
100
82
113
98
97
105
96
97
96
99
96
99
102
86
122
105
104
115
101
106
104
100
100
101
104
90
121
112
97
114
95
105
104
102
102
104
105
83
116
109
98
110
98
100
101
102
101
105
99
73
118
106
110
108
111
103
97
99
100
101
93
61
107
97
106
104
107
99
89
91
91
94
87
56
95
86
101
87
97
85
79
81
85
86
81
54
88
80
94
72
88
75
75
76
75
79
105
90
122
112
110
115
111
106
104
102
102
105
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise. . . . . .
Chicago . . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
61
55
34
64
45
64
64
64
51
56
57
85
88
79
88
63
65
70
71
67
75
77
83
88
89
80
88
71
72
72
76
73
87
77
85
91
93
89
88
81
88
86
85
91
89
86
89
95
96
93
91
92
91
92
89
93
96
91
92
100
96
95
93
99
93
93
93
98
100
95
96
103
98
101
92
109
104
105
102
103
110
102
100
105
98
105
94
111
104
103
104
105
113
106
101
102
98
102
93
110
101
103
102
108
110
101
102
100
97
98
95
102
99
100
100
101
108
104
101
96
95
95
94
94
91
90
90
95
95
92
94
88
91
84
93
78
78
81
81
81
85
84
87
84
87
79
89
65
71
71
74
69
83
76
84
105
98
105
95
111
104
105
104
108
113
106
102
Portland . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie. . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Jackson . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
63
53
52
45
63
62
65
40
31
46
66
64
75
66
62
45
52
58
83
71
76
67
64
79
70
70
49
55
61
85
77
85
70
88
89
89
81
75
78
83
89
86
89
78
85
94
94
89
85
88
95
94
93
93
89
94
98
95
93
89
90
96
99
95
94
93
98
101
100
104
93
94
102
105
105
102
101
99
104
102
102
97
97
105
106
107
107
105
103
105
102
100
98
97
102
107
109
107
106
95
100
100
98
95
95
98
104
106
104
98
88
92
90
91
80
86
90
95
92
94
91
74
83
79
77
67
71
77
88
82
85
76
71
77
76
69
62
55
68
84
74
76
69
103
105
102
104
98
97
105
107
109
107
106
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . . .
Concord . . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque .
Albany . . . . .
Buffalo . . . . .
New York 1 . .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Annual
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
67
62
62
60
64
57
60
135
64
59
64
69
71
68
78
69
65
72
72
79
80
63
78
75
67
75
76
68
71
75
81
84
69
89
83
89
87
85
89
81
86
90
92
81
97
89
95
94
89
92
94
96
93
95
93
99
97
97
99
98
94
90
99
100
97
98
105
103
98
106
107
99
96
101
103
104
111
114
108
102
104
105
100
97
106
103
105
109
110
105
101
103
101
99
99
104
103
105
109
104
101
98
99
100
100
98
102
104
104
105
96
91
90
90
91
89
87
94
98
98
95
83
77
80
84
77
82
80
84
85
88
79
72
70
73
77
72
71
74
75
78
80
65
114
108
102
106
107
100
99
106
104
105
111
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus. . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh. . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
62
64
50
63
62
51
50
56
58
62
64
69
73
74
80
63
74
72
69
84
66
79
78
75
74
75
92
71
74
76
72
84
70
81
84
84
83
85
93
80
87
82
85
91
87
85
86
89
88
89
100
90
95
89
98
94
94
94
91
93
92
94
104
100
97
91
95
101
100
99
97
102
104
102
105
100
100
98
97
107
110
104
106
103
103
100
110
107
104
103
102
107
108
108
107
102
102
101
110
107
101
100
104
107
108
107
104
98
101
100
108
105
100
97
100
101
104
103
105
88
90
90
96
92
96
87
86
101
94
95
94
81
82
80
87
73
81
82
78
90
81
86
84
75
77
76
86
65
73
74
77
83
63
81
79
103
104
102
110
107
104
103
104
107
110
108
107
Dallas-Fort Worth.
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington. . . . . .
Norfolk. . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma . .
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50
64
34
75
60
55
74
59
56
56
63
68
88
80
84
63
66
80
81
64
59
79
62
66
95
83
91
69
62
82
83
70
63
79
68
71
96
89
91
78
84
88
93
75
71
89
82
74
95
98
95
86
91
97
96
85
90
94
91
83
103
104
99
99
93
100
100
93
96
93
93
91
113
114
103
104
100
101
104
96
101
98
101
100
110
112
104
107
100
103
105
100
103
104
103
100
109
108
107
106
101
104
102
99
108
101
103
96
111
104
109
100
98
99
103
98
98
102
98
95
102
96
96
89
85
95
99
89
86
92
89
83
89
87
89
75
75
86
86
74
67
85
77
75
88
80
85
69
67
80
81
64
56
80
68
69
113
114
109
107
101
104
105
100
108
104
103
100
San Juan . . . . . . . . . .
49
92
96
96
97
96
97
95
97
97
98
96
94
98
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual.
238
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 379. Lowest Temperature of Record—Selected Cities
[In Fahrenheit degrees. Airport data, except as noted. For period of record through 2003]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
Length
of
record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar.
Station
Apr. May June
July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Annual
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco .
Denver 1 . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
59
66
62
68
53
63
76
61
49
56
62
3
-22
17
-4
23
23
29
24
-25
-26
-14
-5
11
-22
22
-5
32
23
36
25
-30
-21
-6
4
21
-15
25
11
34
26
39
30
-11
-6
2
11
32
6
32
28
39
31
41
31
-2
9
18
24
43
25
40
40
43
36
48
36
22
28
30
34
49
31
50
46
48
41
51
41
30
35
41
47
60
36
61
54
49
48
55
43
43
44
48
54
59
27
60
52
51
49
57
42
41
36
43
49
42
23
47
37
47
43
51
38
17
30
36
39
30
11
34
29
16
36
43
34
3
17
24
29
22
-5
25
17
34
26
38
25
-8
1
14
16
8
-21
22
-1
32
18
34
20
-25
-14
-7
1
3
-22
17
-5
16
18
29
20
-30
-26
-14
-5
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise. . . . . .
Chicago . . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
62
61
55
34
64
45
64
64
64
51
56
57
7
30
-8
53
-17
-27
-25
-27
-24
-12
-22
14
19
32
5
53
-15
-19
-19
-21
-26
-21
-19
16
23
32
10
55
6
-8
-10
-7
-22
-2
-1
25
34
46
26
57
19
7
14
16
9
15
22
32
45
53
37
60
22
24
25
28
30
31
31
41
47
60
46
65
31
36
39
37
38
43
42
50
61
69
53
66
35
40
47
44
47
51
50
60
59
68
55
67
34
41
41
41
40
48
46
60
48
68
36
66
23
28
26
28
26
31
33
42
36
51
28
61
11
17
19
17
14
18
23
35
21
39
3
57
-3
1
-2
-2
-4
1
-1
24
11
30
54
-25
-25
-23
-23
-22
-16
-15
11
7
30
-8
53
-25
-27
-25
-27
-26
-21
-22
11
Portland . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie. . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Jackson . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
63
53
52
45
63
62
65
40
31
46
66
-26
-7
-12
-21
-36
-39
-34
2
-17
-18
-37
-39
-3
-4
-15
-35
-39
-32
10
-19
-12
-35
-21
6
6
-4
-24
-29
-32
15
-10
-5
-29
8
20
16
10
-2
-5
2
27
12
22
-6
23
32
34
25
18
17
18
38
30
31
15
33
40
45
36
26
27
34
47
42
43
31
40
50
50
41
36
35
43
51
51
51
36
33
45
47
38
29
32
39
55
43
47
30
23
35
38
29
25
22
26
35
31
36
16
15
25
28
17
16
8
13
26
17
23
-11
3
13
15
9
-10
-23
-17
17
1
1
-25
-21
-7
-10
-31
-34
-29
4
-23
-16
-43
-39
-7
-12
-21
-36
-39
-34
2
-23
-18
-43
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . . .
Concord . . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque .
Albany . . . . .
Buffalo . . . . .
New York 2 . .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
.
.
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.
.
67
62
62
60
64
57
60
135
64
59
64
-23
-16
-33
-10
-17
-28
-16
-6
-5
-9
-44
-21
-16
-37
-11
-5
-21
-20
-15
5
-43
-16
-2
-16
5
8
-21
-7
3
4
11
-31
5
13
8
12
19
10
12
12
24
23
-12
27
18
21
25
16
26
26
32
32
31
15
38
25
30
37
40
36
35
44
45
38
30
44
33
35
42
52
40
43
52
53
48
35
43
24
29
40
50
34
38
50
53
46
33
25
20
21
32
37
24
32
39
39
37
11
13
8
10
20
21
16
20
28
24
19
-10
-9
1
-5
10
-7
5
9
5
11
11
-30
-23
-16
-22
-7
-7
-22
-10
-13
2
4
-43
-23
-16
-37
-11
-17
-28
-20
-15
-5
-9
-44
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus. . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh. . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
42
62
64
50
63
62
51
50
56
58
62
64
-25
-20
-22
-4
-2
-7
-22
-13
-1
-36
-4
-17
-11
-15
-13
-3
-3
-4
-12
-7
5
-31
-11
-13
-11
-5
-6
3
19
7
-1
1
4
-23
12
2
15
10
14
20
29
19
14
14
26
5
29
23
27
25
25
37
29
28
26
29
34
17
38
34
39
31
35
47
39
44
34
41
44
33
48
42
47
41
43
53
43
51
42
48
54
38
52
51
43
38
39
51
44
44
39
40
53
34
48
47
31
32
31
36
34
35
31
33
40
22
36
36
16
19
20
16
26
25
16
20
23
9
25
26
1
3
5
11
13
15
-1
6
12
-17
9
-1
-20
-15
-17
-8
6
1
-12
-10
4
-28
-13
-10
-25
-20
-22
-8
-3
-7
-22
-13
-1
-36
-13
-17
Dallas-Fort Worth.
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington. . . . . .
Norfolk. . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma . .
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
50
64
34
75
60
55
74
59
56
56
63
68
4
-8
12
-22
-30
-3
-12
-22
-16
-26
-29
7
8
20
-30
-30
8
-10
1
-24
-12
-26
-34
15
14
22
2
-20
18
11
11
-7
-10
-21
29
23
31
14
2
28
23
29
17
19
12
-8
41
31
44
25
24
36
31
28
24
26
21
16
51
46
52
35
33
45
40
38
33
33
33
25
59
57
62
40
39
54
51
43
37
46
40
38
56
56
60
37
35
49
46
44
35
41
44
36
43
41
48
27
25
45
35
35
22
34
28
8
29
25
29
16
15
27
21
28
7
17
18
-1
20
1
19
-14
-2
20
10
6
-21
6
-5
-16
-1
5
7
-21
-26
7
-1
6
-25
-12
-20
-28
-1
-8
7
-30
-30
-3
-12
-25
-16
-26
-34
San Juan . . . . . . . . . .
49
61
62
60
64
66
69
69
70
69
46
66
59
46
- Represents zero.
1
Period of record through 2000.
2
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
239
Table 380. Normal Monthly and Annual Precipitation—Selected Cities
[In inches. Airport data, except as noted. Based on standard 30-year period, 1971 through 2000]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
1
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco .
Denver. . . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
Station
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.
5.75
4.81
0.83
3.61
2.98
3.84
2.28
4.45
0.51
3.84
3.43
3.21
5.10
4.02
0.77
3.33
3.11
3.54
2.04
4.01
0.49
2.96
2.81
2.63
7.20
3.51
1.07
4.88
2.40
2.80
2.26
3.26
1.28
3.88
3.97
3.60
5.06
2.96
0.25
5.47
0.63
1.02
0.75
1.17
1.93
3.86
3.39
2.77
6.10
3.48
0.16
5.05
0.24
0.53
0.20
0.38
2.32
4.39
4.15
3.82
5.01
3.36
0.09
3.95
0.08
0.20
0.09
0.11
1.56
3.85
3.59
3.13
6.54
4.14
0.99
3.31
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.03
2.16
3.67
4.28
3.66
6.20
5.37
0.94
2.93
0.14
0.06
0.09
0.07
1.82
3.98
3.51
3.44
6.01
7.54
0.75
3.71
0.26
0.36
0.21
0.20
1.14
4.13
4.01
3.79
3.25
8.30
0.79
4.25
0.36
0.89
0.44
1.04
0.99
3.94
3.08
3.22
5.41
5.43
0.73
5.73
1.13
2.19
1.07
2.49
0.98
4.06
3.19
3.03
4.66
5.41
0.92
4.71
1.79
2.45
1.31
2.89
0.63
3.60
3.40
3.05
66.29
58.33
8.29
50.93
13.15
17.93
10.77
20.11
15.81
46.16
42.81
39.35
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise. . . . . .
Chicago . . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3.69
1.88
5.02
2.73
1.39
1.75
1.50
2.48
1.03
0.84
3.28
5.87
3.15
2.07
4.68
2.35
1.14
1.63
1.67
2.41
1.19
1.02
3.25
5.47
3.93
2.56
5.38
1.89
1.41
2.65
2.83
3.44
2.21
2.71
4.41
5.24
3.14
3.36
3.62
1.11
1.27
3.68
3.56
3.61
3.58
2.57
3.91
5.02
3.48
5.52
3.95
0.78
1.27
3.38
4.17
4.35
4.25
4.16
4.88
4.62
5.37
8.54
3.63
0.43
0.74
3.63
3.84
4.13
4.57
4.25
3.76
6.83
5.97
5.79
5.12
0.50
0.39
3.51
4.02
4.42
4.18
3.31
4.30
6.20
6.87
8.63
3.67
0.46
0.30
4.62
3.16
3.82
4.51
2.94
3.41
6.15
7.90
8.38
4.09
0.74
0.76
3.27
3.12
2.88
3.15
2.96
3.05
5.55
3.86
6.19
3.11
2.18
0.76
2.71
2.76
2.76
2.62
2.45
2.79
3.05
2.34
3.43
4.10
2.26
1.38
3.01
2.99
3.61
2.10
1.82
3.80
5.09
2.64
2.18
3.82
2.85
1.38
2.43
2.40
3.03
1.33
1.35
3.69
5.07
52.34
58.53
50.20
18.29
12.19
36.27
36.03
40.95
34.72
30.38
44.54
64.16
Portland . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie. . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Jackson . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.09
3.47
3.92
1.91
2.64
1.12
1.04
5.67
1.15
2.14
0.68
3.14
3.02
3.30
1.88
1.60
0.83
0.79
4.50
1.31
2.28
0.51
4.14
3.93
3.85
2.52
2.41
1.69
1.86
5.74
2.44
3.60
1.01
4.26
3.00
3.60
3.05
2.57
2.09
2.31
5.98
3.38
3.69
1.40
3.82
3.89
3.24
3.05
2.50
2.95
3.24
4.86
5.39
4.11
2.53
3.28
3.43
3.22
3.55
3.00
4.25
4.34
3.82
4.44
3.76
2.24
3.32
3.85
3.06
3.16
3.14
4.20
4.04
4.69
4.42
3.90
1.45
3.05
3.74
3.37
3.10
3.47
4.22
4.05
3.66
3.54
2.98
1.65
3.37
3.98
3.47
3.27
3.71
4.13
2.69
3.23
4.64
2.96
1.23
4.40
3.16
3.79
2.23
3.32
2.46
2.11
3.42
3.33
2.76
0.93
4.72
3.12
3.98
2.66
3.40
2.12
1.94
5.04
2.30
3.71
0.59
4.24
3.35
3.73
2.51
2.91
0.94
1.00
5.34
1.64
2.86
0.67
45.83
41.94
42.53
32.89
34.67
31.00
29.41
55.95
37.98
38.75
14.89
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . . .
Concord . . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque .
Albany . . . . .
Buffalo . . . . .
New York 1 . .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0.77
1.06
2.97
3.60
0.49
2.71
3.16
4.13
4.00
4.02
0.45
0.80
1.06
2.36
2.85
0.44
2.27
2.42
3.15
3.55
3.47
0.51
2.13
0.86
3.04
4.06
0.61
3.17
2.99
4.37
4.39
4.03
0.85
2.94
0.35
3.07
3.45
0.50
3.25
3.04
4.28
2.95
2.80
1.46
4.44
0.62
3.33
3.38
0.60
3.67
3.35
4.69
3.66
3.79
2.22
3.95
0.47
3.10
2.66
0.65
3.74
3.82
3.84
3.42
3.42
2.59
3.86
0.24
3.37
3.86
1.27
3.50
3.14
4.62
3.79
4.29
2.58
3.21
0.27
3.21
4.32
1.73
3.68
3.87
4.22
3.72
3.78
2.15
3.17
0.45
3.16
3.14
1.07
3.31
3.84
4.23
3.83
4.26
1.61
2.21
0.42
3.46
2.86
1.00
3.23
3.19
3.85
3.66
3.18
1.28
1.82
0.80
3.57
3.26
0.62
3.31
3.92
4.36
3.36
2.97
0.70
0.92
0.88
2.96
3.15
0.49
2.76
3.80
3.95
3.18
3.04
0.44
30.22
7.48
37.60
40.59
9.47
38.60
40.54
49.69
43.51
43.05
16.84
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus. . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh. . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2.92
2.48
2.53
1.28
5.07
3.52
2.70
4.37
4.66
0.51
4.24
3.97
2.75
2.29
2.20
1.56
4.18
2.74
2.37
3.45
3.84
0.51
4.31
3.69
3.90
2.94
2.89
2.90
3.71
3.81
3.17
4.43
4.59
1.81
5.58
4.87
3.96
3.37
3.25
3.00
2.64
3.49
3.01
4.16
2.98
2.65
5.79
3.93
4.59
3.50
3.88
5.44
2.38
3.88
3.80
3.66
3.17
3.39
5.15
5.07
4.42
3.89
4.07
4.63
1.59
3.29
4.12
3.38
4.99
3.49
4.30
4.08
3.75
3.52
4.61
2.94
0.72
4.39
3.96
3.17
5.54
2.93
4.22
3.77
3.79
3.69
3.72
2.48
0.93
3.82
3.38
3.90
5.41
3.01
3.00
3.28
2.82
3.77
2.92
3.98
1.65
3.88
3.21
3.70
3.94
2.58
3.31
3.59
2.96
2.73
2.31
3.64
2.88
2.75
2.25
3.69
2.89
1.93
3.31
2.87
3.46
3.38
3.19
2.11
5.61
3.16
3.02
4.40
2.88
1.36
5.76
4.45
3.28
3.14
2.93
1.89
5.71
3.31
2.86
4.14
3.38
0.52
5.68
4.54
42.60
38.71
38.52
35.85
37.07
42.05
37.85
46.45
48.27
24.69
54.65
48.11
Dallas-Fort Worth.
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington. . . . . .
Norfolk. . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma . .
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.90
0.45
3.68
1.37
2.22
3.93
3.55
5.13
1.82
3.25
1.85
0.45
2.37
0.39
2.98
1.33
1.67
3.34
2.98
4.18
1.51
3.19
1.65
0.44
3.06
0.26
3.36
1.91
2.32
4.08
4.09
3.75
1.53
3.90
2.59
1.05
3.20
0.23
3.60
2.02
2.88
3.38
3.18
2.59
1.28
3.25
3.78
1.55
5.15
0.38
5.15
2.09
3.32
3.74
3.95
1.77
1.60
4.30
3.06
2.48
3.23
0.87
5.35
0.77
3.43
3.77
3.54
1.49
1.18
4.09
3.56
2.12
2.12
1.49
3.18
0.72
3.97
5.17
4.67
0.79
0.76
4.86
3.58
2.26
2.03
1.75
3.83
0.76
4.01
4.79
4.18
1.02
0.68
4.11
4.03
1.82
2.42
1.61
4.33
1.33
3.83
4.06
3.98
1.63
0.76
3.45
3.30
1.43
4.11
0.81
4.50
1.57
3.12
3.47
3.60
3.19
1.06
2.67
2.49
0.75
2.57
0.42
4.19
1.40
3.06
2.98
3.06
5.90
2.24
3.66
2.70
0.64
2.57
0.77
3.69
1.23
2.22
3.03
3.12
5.62
2.25
3.32
2.22
0.46
34.73
9.43
47.84
16.50
36.05
45.74
43.91
37.07
16.67
44.05
34.81
15.45
San Juan . . . . . . . . . .
3.02
2.30
2.14
3.71
5.29
3.52
4.16
5.22
5.60
5.06
6.17
4.57
50.76
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatography of the United States, No. 81.
240
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 381. Average Number of Days With Precipitation of 0.01 Inch or More—
Selected Cities
[Airport data, except as noted. For period of record through 2003]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
Length
of
record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Station
Annual
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco .
Denver 1 . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
61
58
63
60
67
63
62
75
61
48
55
61
11
19
4
10
6
10
7
11
6
11
11
10
9
17
4
9
6
9
6
10
6
10
9
9
10
18
4
10
6
9
7
10
9
12
11
11
7
17
2
10
3
5
5
6
9
11
11
10
8
17
1
10
1
3
2
3
11
12
11
11
11
16
1
8
1
1
1
1
9
11
10
10
16
17
4
8
1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
9
10
9
10
14
18
5
7
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
9
10
9
9
10
21
3
7
1
1
1
1
6
10
8
8
6
24
3
7
2
3
2
4
5
9
8
7
8
20
2
8
3
7
4
7
6
11
9
8
10
21
4
9
5
9
6
10
5
12
10
9
121
223
36
104
35
58
42
63
89
127
117
112
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise. . . . . .
Chicago . . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
61
60
68
53
63
44
63
63
63
49
55
54
8
7
12
9
12
11
9
12
7
5
11
10
8
6
10
9
10
9
8
10
7
5
10
9
8
6
11
9
10
12
11
13
10
8
13
9
6
6
9
9
8
13
12
12
11
8
12
7
8
10
9
7
8
11
12
12
12
11
12
8
13
15
10
6
6
10
10
10
11
9
10
11
14
16
12
7
2
10
9
10
9
8
10
14
15
18
9
6
2
9
8
9
9
7
8
13
13
17
8
7
4
9
8
8
9
8
8
10
9
14
7
8
6
9
8
8
8
6
7
6
6
8
9
9
10
11
9
10
7
5
10
8
8
7
10
10
11
11
10
12
8
6
12
10
116
131
115
96
89
125
114
126
108
86
124
114
Portland . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie. . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Jackson . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
52
51
44
61
61
64
39
30
45
65
11
10
12
13
19
12
9
11
7
9
9
10
9
10
11
14
9
7
9
7
8
8
11
11
12
13
13
11
10
10
10
11
9
12
11
11
13
11
11
10
8
11
11
9
12
11
12
11
11
12
11
9
12
11
11
11
10
11
10
11
13
12
9
10
9
12
10
9
9
10
10
12
10
11
9
9
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
10
10
9
8
8
9
8
9
10
13
12
10
8
8
8
7
9
7
9
10
14
10
8
7
8
8
6
12
9
11
12
17
11
8
9
7
9
7
11
9
12
13
19
11
9
10
7
9
7
129
114
126
135
165
134
116
110
105
111
100
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . . .
Concord . . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque .
Albany . . . . .
Buffalo . . . . .
New York 2 . .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
66
60
61
59
63
56
59
133
63
58
63
6
6
11
11
4
13
20
11
10
10
8
7
6
9
10
4
11
17
10
9
10
7
8
6
11
11
5
12
16
11
11
10
8
10
4
11
11
3
12
14
11
9
9
8
12
4
12
10
4
13
13
11
9
10
10
10
3
11
9
4
11
11
10
10
10
12
9
2
10
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
9
9
2
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
3
9
8
6
10
11
8
7
8
7
6
3
9
7
5
9
12
8
7
7
6
6
5
11
9
4
12
16
9
8
8
6
6
6
11
10
4
12
19
10
10
9
7
99
51
127
113
61
135
168
121
111
113
96
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus. . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh. . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
55
61
63
63
62
62
50
49
55
57
52
61
12
16
13
5
18
11
16
11
10
6
10
11
11
14
11
6
16
9
14
10
9
7
9
10
13
15
13
7
17
11
15
12
10
9
11
12
13
15
13
8
15
11
14
11
8
10
10
11
12
13
13
10
12
11
13
11
8
11
9
11
11
11
11
9
9
10
12
11
10
11
9
10
10
10
11
6
4
9
11
9
12
10
9
10
9
10
9
6
5
9
10
9
11
9
7
9
8
10
8
7
7
8
10
9
8
8
7
8
8
11
9
7
12
8
10
9
6
6
6
7
11
14
11
5
18
9
13
10
7
7
9
9
12
16
13
6
19
10
16
12
9
6
10
11
130
155
137
83
152
117
152
124
109
98
107
119
Dallas-Fort Worth.
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington. . . . . .
Norfolk. . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma . .
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
49
63
33
74
59
54
65
58
55
55
62
67
7
4
10
10
15
11
10
19
14
15
11
6
7
3
8
9
11
10
9
16
11
14
10
6
8
2
9
10
13
11
11
17
11
15
12
9
8
2
7
10
12
10
9
14
9
14
12
10
9
2
8
8
14
10
11
11
9
13
12
12
7
3
10
5
13
9
9
9
8
12
11
11
5
8
9
4
12
11
11
5
5
13
10
11
5
8
9
6
12
10
9
6
5
11
9
10
6
5
9
5
12
8
8
9
6
9
9
8
6
4
8
6
12
7
7
13
8
9
9
6
6
3
8
8
14
8
8
18
13
12
10
6
7
4
9
9
15
9
9
19
14
14
11
6
79
49
105
91
154
116
113
155
112
151
125
100
San Juan . . . . . . . . . .
47
17
13
12
13
16
15
19
19
18
17
19
19
197
- Represents zero.
Z Less than 1/2 day.
1
Period of record through 2000.
2
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual.
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
241
Table 382. Snow and Ice Pellets—Selected Cities
[In inches. Airport data, except as noted. For period of record through 2003. T denotes trace]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
PR
Length
of
record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Station
Mobile . . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . . . .
Phoenix 2 . . . . .
Little Rock 2 . . .
Los Angeles 2 . .
Sacramento 2 . .
San Diego 2 . . .
San Francisco 2 .
Denver 2 . . . . . .
Hartford . . . . . .
Wilmington . . . .
Washington . . . .
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61 0.1 0.1 0.1
59 25.4 18.9 14.7
62
T
T
56 2.4 1.5 0.5
62
T
T
T
50
T
T
T
60
T
T
69
T
T
61 8.1 7.5 12.5
46 13.0 12.4 10.1
53 6.7 6.6 3.2
60 5.5 5.5 2.3
T
3.3
T
T
T
8.9
1.5
0.2
T
T
T
T
T
T
1.6
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
1.6
-
Jacksonville 2 .
Miami 2 . . . . .
Atlanta . . . . . .
Honolulu 2. . . .
Boise . . . . . . .
Chicago . . . . .
Peoria . . . . . .
Indianapolis. . .
Des Moines. . .
Wichita . . . . . .
Louisville . . . .
New Orleans 2 .
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60
T
59
65 1.0
52
64 6.5
44 11.0
60 6.7
72 6.9
60 8.2
50 4.1
56 5.4
51
T
Portland . . . . . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . . .
Boston . . . . . . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie 2 . . . .
Duluth . . . . . . . . . . .
Minneapolis-St. Paul 2 .
Jackson 2 . . . . . . . . .
Kansas City. . . . . . . .
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . .
Great Falls . . . . . . . .
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63
53
66
45
57
60
62
38
69
67
66
Omaha . . . .
Reno 2 . . . .
Concord . . .
Atlantic City.
Albuquerque
Albany . . . .
Buffalo . . . .
New York 1 .
Charlotte. . .
Raleigh. . . .
Bismarck . .
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.
19.3
6.3
12.7
10.7
29.2
17.5
10.7
0.5
5.6
5.4
9.4
Annual
T 0.1
1.0 12.0 21.7
T
T
T 0.2 0.6
T
T
T
T
3.7 9.1 7.3
0.1 2.1 10.4
0.1 0.9 3.4
- 0.8 3.0
0.4
97.0
T
5.2
T
T
T
T
60.3
49.6
21.1
17.1
T
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
-
0.2
5.7
8.2
6.1
5.3
6.6
3.4
2.4
0.1
T
T
2.1
20.6
38.0
24.9
23.9
33.3
15.9
16.4
0.2
0.5
3.6
7.8
5.0
5.6
7.2
4.1
4.3
0.1
0.4
1.7
6.9
4.2
3.5
6.0
2.8
3.1
T
T
T
0.6
1.6
0.8
0.5
1.9
0.2
0.1
T
T
0.1
0.1
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
-
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
-
T
T
T
T
T
-
T
T
T
T
T
-
T
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.9
3.1
1.3
1.0
T
16.5
7.1
12.0
9.2
18.2
11.8
8.1
0.2
4.4
4.5
8.6
13.3
3.8
8.1
6.9
14.6
13.9
10.5
0.2
3.4
3.8
10.6
2.9
0.1
0.9
1.8
5.8
6.9
2.8
T
0.8
0.5
7.0
0.2
T
T
0.5
0.7
0.1
T
1.9
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.3
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.1
T
T
0.1
0.1
T
T
1.5
0.2 3.3 14.7
T 1.0 3.2
T 1.3 7.8
0.2 2.6 9.9
2.4 15.6 31.0
1.6 13.0 15.1
0.5 7.8 9.4
T 0.1
0.1 1.2 4.4
T 1.4 4.0
3.4 7.3 8.1
70.4
21.5
42.8
41.3
117.4
80.6
49.9
1.0
19.9
19.6
58.2
0.3 2.6 5.7
0.3 2.4 4.3
0.1 3.9 14.0
T 0.4 2.3
0.1 1.2 2.7
0.2 4.2 14.8
0.3 11.3 24.3
T 0.9 5.6
T 0.1 0.5
- 0.1 0.8
1.9 7.1 6.9
30.1
24.3
64.5
16.2
11.0
64.4
93.6
28.6
5.6
7.5
44.3
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.
.
68 7.2 6.8 6.3
54 5.8 5.2 4.3
62 18.0 14.2 11.5
54 4.9 5.8 2.5
64 2.5 2.1 1.8
57 17.0 13.8 11.5
60 24.2 17.7 12.4
135 7.5 8.6 5.1
64 2.2 1.6 1.2
59 2.8 2.5 1.3
64 7.8 7.0 8.5
1.1
1.2
2.7
0.3
0.6
2.8
3.2
0.9
T
T
4.0
0.1
0.8
0.1
T
T
0.1
0.2
T
T
T
0.9
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.2
Cincinnati . . . .
Cleveland . . . .
Columbus . . . .
Oklahoma City .
Portland 2 . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh . . . .
Providence . . .
Columbia 2 . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis 2 . . .
Nashville 2 . . .
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.
.
56 7.2 5.6 4.2
62 13.8 12.3 10.8
56 8.9 6.3 4.4
64 3.2 2.4 1.5
55 3.2 1.1 0.4
61 6.1 7.0 3.4
51 11.9 9.2 8.4
50 9.5 9.9 7.3
55 0.6 0.8 0.2
58 6.9 8.0 9.2
49 2.2 1.4 0.8
58 3.8 3.0 1.5
0.5
2.4
0.9
T
T
0.3
1.7
0.7
T
3.0
T
-
0.1
T
T
T
0.1
0.2
T
T
T
-
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
-
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
-
0.3
0.6
0.1
T
T
0.4
0.1
0.9
T
-
2.0 3.7
5.3 12.3
2.2 5.4
0.5 1.9
0.4 1.4
0.7 3.3
3.5 8.4
1.2 7.1
T 0.3
6.1 7.1
0.1 0.6
0.4 1.4
23.5
57.6
28.2
9.5
6.5
20.8
43.6
36.0
1.9
41.2
5.1
10.1
Dallas-Fort Worth .
El Paso 2 . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington . . . . . .
Norfolk . . . . . . . .
Richmond . . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma 2 .
Spokane . . . . . . .
Charleston 2 . . . .
Milwaukee. . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . . .
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45
57
69
75
60
53
64
52
56
49
63
68
T
0.3
T
5.0
4.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.9
1.9
9.3
T
T
T
0.6
0.2
T
T
T
0.1
0.1
3.4
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.2
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.1
T
T
T
T
T
1.1
T
1.3
0.2
T
0.4
0.2
0.2
3.8
0.1
0.9
T
7.0
6.7
0.4
1.1
6.5
2.4
3.0
7.1
0.2
1.6
T
12.1
18.3
0.9
2.0
2.4
14.4
5.3
10.5
6.2
2.6
5.3
0.4
58.7
79.3
7.8
13.8
11.4
48.6
34.0
47.0
55.8
San Juan . . . . . . . . . . .
48
-
-
-
-
-
T
-
-
-
T
- Represents zero or rounds to zero.
1.1 1.0 0.2
1.3 0.8 0.4
0.2 0.2
T
13.6 9.8 9.2
19.5 16.4 13.8
3.0 2.9 1.0
5.0 3.9 2.4
4.9 1.6 1.3
15.2 7.5 3.9
11.1 8.7 5.4
13.7 9.2 8.4
6.3 6.4 12.0
1
-
-
City office data.
2
Period of record through 2000.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual.
242
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
Table 383. Sunshine, Average Wind Speed, Heating and Cooling Degree Days,
and Average Relative Humidity—Selected Cities
[Airport data, except as noted. For period of record through 2003, except heating and cooling normals for period 1971−2000.
M = morning. A = afternoon]
State
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
Average
percentage
of possible
sunshine 1
Station
Length
of
record
(yr.)
Average wind speed
(m.p.h.)
Average relative humidity (percent)
Length
HeatLength
of
ing Cooling
of
An- record Andegree degree record
nual
(yr.) nual Jan. July
days
days
(yr.)
Annual
Jan.
July
M
A
M
A
M
A
Mobile . . . . . .
Juneau . . . . .
Phoenix . . . . .
Little Rock . . .
Los Angeles . .
Sacramento . .
San Diego . . .
San Francisco
Denver . . . . .
Hartford . . . . .
Wilmington . . .
Washington . .
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47
47
57
35
60
49
55
68
61
41
47
48
60
23
81
60
72
73
72
71
67
52
55
55
55 8.8 10.1 6.9
58 8.2 8.1 7.5
58 6.2 5.3 7.1
61 7.8 8.4 6.7
55 7.5 6.7 7.9
53 7.8 7.0 8.9
63 7.0 6.0 7.5
76 10.6 7.2 13.6
47 8.6 8.6 8.3
49 8.4 8.9 7.3
55 9.0 9.8 7.8
55 9.4 10.0 8.3
1,667
8,574
1,040
3,084
1,286
2,666
1,063
2,862
6,128
6,104
4,887
3,999
2,548
4,355
2,086
682
1,248
866
142
695
759
1,125
1,560
41
37
43
39
44
17
43
44
35
44
56
43
87
80
50
83
79
83
77
84
67
77
79
75
63
70
23
61
65
46
63
62
40
53
55
54
83
78
64
80
71
91
72
87
63
72
76
71
65
75
32
65
61
70
58
68
49
57
60
56
90
79
43
86
86
77
83
86
68
79
79
77
66
67
20
59
69
30
67
60
34
51
54
53
Jacksonville .
Miami . . . . .
Atlanta . . . .
Honolulu . . .
Boise . . . . .
Chicago. . . .
Peoria . . . . .
Indianapolis .
Des Moines .
Wichita . . . .
Louisville . . .
New Orleans
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47
46
61
47
56
37
52
64
46
46
47
47
61
68
59
74
58
52
53
51
55
58
53
60
54
54
65
54
64
45
60
55
54
50
56
55
8.1 7.0
9.5 7.9
10.4 7.7
9.4 13.1
7.9 8.4
11.6 8.4
10.9 7.8
10.9 7.5
11.4 8.9
12.0 11.3
9.5 6.8
9.3 6.1
1,353
155
2,827
5,809
6,493
6,095
5,521
6,432
4,765
4,352
1,417
2,636
4,383
1,810
4,561
769
835
998
1,042
1,052
1,658
1,443
2,776
67
39
43
34
64
45
44
44
42
50
43
55
89
83
82
72
69
80
83
84
80
80
81
87
56
61
56
56
43
63
65
62
64
59
59
66
88
84
78
81
81
78
80
81
77
79
78
84
58
59
59
61
71
70
71
71
70
65
65
69
89
83
88
68
54
82
86
87
83
79
85
91
59
63
59
52
21
60
64
60
62
54
58
68
Portland . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . .
Boston . . . . . .
Detroit . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie
Duluth . . . . . . .
MinneapolisSt. Paul . . . . .
Jackson. . . . . .
Kansas City . . .
St. Louis . . . . .
Great Falls . . . .
.
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.
54
45
60
37
54
47
55
58
55
49
43
49
63 8.7 9.0 7.6
53 8.8 9.4 7.6
46 12.4 13.7 11.0
45 10.2 11.9 8.5
62 9.2 9.6 7.8
54 11.0 11.6 9.4
7,325
4,634
5,630
6,449
9,230
9,742
347
1,220
777
727
145
189
63
50
39
45
62
42
79
78
73
81
85
81
59
54
58
60
66
66
76
73
69
80
81
78
61
57
58
70
74
72
80
80
74
82
88
85
59
53
57
54
62
63
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
57
30
23
47
57
54
59
59
55
51
65 10.5 10.5 9.4
40 7.0 8.2 5.2
31 10.6 11.1 9.2
54 9.6 10.6 8.0
62 12.5 14.9 10.0
7,882
2,368
5,249
4,757
7,675
699
2,290
1,325
1,561
326
44
40
31
43
42
78
90
81
81
68
63
63
65
63
45
75
86
77
80
67
69
68
68
68
61
81
93
84
83
68
59
65
64
60
31
Omaha . . . .
Reno . . . . .
Concord . . .
Atlantic City .
Albuquerque.
Albany . . . .
Buffalo . . . .
New York 2. .
Charlotte . . .
Raleigh . . . .
Bismarck . . .
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7.8
9.2
9.1
11.3
8.7
10.3
9.8
9.6
10.7
12.2
8.3
8.2
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
49
53
54
37
56
57
52
42
49
47
56
59
69
55
56
76
49
43
64
59
59
55
67 10.5 10.9 8.8
61 6.6 5.6 7.2
61 6.7 7.2 5.7
45 9.8 10.7 8.3
64 8.9 8.0 8.9
65 8.9 9.8 7.5
64 11.8 14.0 10.2
66 9.3 10.6 7.6
54 7.4 7.8 6.6
54 7.6 8.2 6.7
64 10.2 10.0 9.2
6,312
5,601
7,485
5,113
4,281
6,861
6,693
4,744
3,208
3,465
8,809
1,095
493
442
935
1,290
544
548
1,160
1,644
1,521
471
39
40
38
39
43
38
43
69
43
39
44
81
68
81
82
59
80
80
72
82
85
80
63
31
53
57
29
58
63
56
54
54
61
78
79
76
79
68
78
79
68
78
79
76
68
50
59
59
39
64
73
60
55
55
71
84
59
83
83
59
81
79
75
86
89
84
63
19
51
57
27
55
56
55
57
58
53
Cincinnati. . . .
Cleveland . . .
Columbus . . .
Oklahoma City
Portland . . . .
Philadelphia . .
Pittsburgh . . .
Providence. . .
Columbia . . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
Memphis . . . .
Nashville . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
44
54
46
44
47
55
43
42
48
50
43
54
49
45
48
64
39
56
44
55
60
57
59
57
56
62
54
55
55
63
51
50
55
55
55
62
9.0
10.5
8.3
12.2
7.9
9.5
9.0
10.4
6.8
11.0
8.8
8.0
10.4 7.2
12.2 8.6
9.8 6.5
12.5 10.9
9.9 7.6
10.3 8.2
10.4 7.3
10.9 9.4
7.2 6.3
10.9 9.8
10.0 7.5
9.1 6.5
5,200
6,097
5,546
3,663
4,366
4,759
5,829
5,754
2,595
7,746
3,033
3,658
1,053
712
925
1,907
398
1,235
726
714
2,063
757
2,190
1,656
41
43
44
38
63
44
43
40
37
40
64
38
82
80
81
80
85
77
80
75
86
82
80
83
60
62
59
59
59
55
58
55
51
65
59
62
80
79
78
78
85
74
77
72
82
78
78
79
68
70
68
63
76
59
66
57
54
71
65
67
86
82
84
80
82
79
83
77
88
84
84
88
58
57
56
55
45
54
54
56
54
60
60
62
WV
WI
WY
Dallas-Ft. Worth .
El Paso . . . . . . .
Houston . . . . . .
Salt Lake City . . .
Burlington . . . . .
Norfolk . . . . . . .
Richmond . . . . .
Seattle-Tacoma 3.
Spokane . . . . . .
Charleston . . . . .
Milwaukee . . . . .
Cheyenne . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
53
26
69
52
47
50
51
48
47
55
60
64
80
56
62
44
58
56
38
48
48
52
64
50
61
34
74
60
55
55
55
56
56
63
46
10.7
8.8
7.6
8.8
9.0
10.5
7.7
8.8
8.9
5.8
11.5
12.9
11.0 9.8
8.3 8.3
8.1 6.6
7.5 9.5
9.7 8.0
11.4 8.9
8.1 6.9
9.5 8.1
8.7 8.6
6.9 4.8
12.6 9.7
15.2 10.4
2,370
2,604
1,525
5,607
7,665
3,342
3,878
4,797
6,820
4,589
7,096
7,289
2,571
2,165
2,893
1,089
489
1,630
1,466
173
394
1,064
616
280
40
43
34
43
38
55
69
44
44
56
43
44
81
56
89
67
77
78
83
84
78
84
80
66
60
27
65
43
59
58
53
62
52
57
66
45
79
64
85
79
73
75
80
82
86
78
76
58
64
34
69
69
64
59
57
75
80
63
70
50
79
61
92
52
78
81
85
82
65
91
81
70
54
29
64
22
53
59
56
49
27
60
64
38
PR
San Juan . . . . . . . .
40
76
48
8.4
-
5,426
48
79
65
82
65
79
67
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
8.3
9.7
2
Airport data for sunshine.
- Represents zero. 1 Percent of days that are either clear or partly cloudy.
represent airport data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual.
3
Does not
Geography and Environment
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006
243