History of Printing and Imaging
Printing and Imaging Practicum
Lesson Plan
Performance Objective
Upon completion of this lesson, each student will have an understanding of the origin and development
of the many different printing and imaging technologies through the years.
Specific Objectives
 Students will be able to explain the origin of printing and imaging.
 Students will describe different printing and imaging processes.
 Students will be able list the elements of a Gutenberg printing press.
 Students will compare and contrast modern printing and imaging processes.
This lesson should take three class days to complete; add at least 2 days for presentations.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may
result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Practicum in Printing and Imaging Technology
130.98 (c) Knowledge and skills.
(4) The student implements advanced information technology applications. The student is
expected to use personal information management, email, Internet, writing and publishing,
presentation, and spreadsheet or database applications for printing and imaging projects;
(5) The student understands printing systems and their uses;
(10) The student implements technical skills for efficiency. The student is expected to employ
planning and time-management skills and tools to enhance results and complete work tasks; and
(11) The student implements an advanced technical understanding of professional printing and
imaging. The student is expected to:
(A) manage the printing process.
Interdisciplinary Correlations
1
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English
110.42(b) Knowledge and skills.
(6) Reading/word identification/vocabulary development. The student uses a variety of
strategies to read unfamiliar words and to build vocabulary. The student is expected to:
(A) expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussing; and
(B) rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative
language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary.
(7) Reading/comprehension. The student comprehends selections using a variety of strategies.
The student is expected to:
(F) identify main ideas and their supporting details;
(G) summarize texts; and
(J) read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time.
Speech
110.56 (b) Knowledge and skills.
(1)(A) explain the importance of communication in daily interaction;
(2)(E) participate appropriately in conversations for a variety of purposes;
(3)(A) The student uses appropriate communication in group settings;
(E) use appropriate verbal, non-verbal, and listening strategies to communicate effectively
in groups;
(5)(B) use language clearly and appropriately;
Tasks
 Students will research modern day technological developments in Printing and Imaging and add
them to their “It’s About Time” project timeline.
 Students will select, research, and give a formal presentation regarding two past methods of
Printing and Imaging, and then comparing them with two modern methods of Printing and
Imaging.
Accommodations for Learning Differences
Lessons must accommodate the needs of every learner. These lessons may be modified to
accommodate your students with learning differences by referring to the files found on the Special
Populations page of this website (cte.unt.edu).
Preparation
 Copy the handout sheets for the students.
 Have materials ready to go prior to the start of the lesson.
 Secure a computer lab if one is not readily accessible.
Instructional Aids
 Student outline and handouts
 Student Activity sheets
2
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Materials Needed
 Butcher paper or poster board as an option for the “It’s About Time” activity
 Students can provide their own materials
Equipment Needed
 Teacher computer
 Projector (for digital presentation)
Introduction
Learner Preparation
 Ask students to describe the first method of printing or imaging they can imagine.
 Ask students why people might want to print or create an image of something.
 Tell students that Printing and Imaging are, in essence, the capturing and reproduction of
imaginations.
Lesson Introduction
 Use multimedia presentation and explain the concepts from early days to modern day.
3
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Outline
MI
OUTLINE
History of Printing and Imaging
I. Woodblock Printing
A. Seals and Stamping
B. Rubbings
C. Earliest printings from China
II. Movable Type
A. Metal Type
B. Quicker, more durable
C. Uniform lettering
D. Johannes Gutenberg AD 1439
E. Most important invention 2nd
Millennium
F. Oldest known printed book AD 1377
III. Printing Press
A. Pressmen
C. 3600 Impressions per workday
IV. Printing Houses
A. Master Printers
B. Employees
V. Intaglio Printing (Etching and Engraving
VI. Lithography
A. Smooth flat stone printing
B. Alois Senefelder AD 1796
VII. Color Printing
A. Chromolithography
B. Registering
C. Posters
VIII. Photography
A. Pinhole Camera Obscura
B. Light sensitive chemicals and plates
C. Lenses replaced pinholes
D. Film replaced plates
NOTES TO TEACHER
Notes are provided on the
multimedia presentation for
teacher extension.
Have the Student Notes Outline
ready to hand out at the
beginning of class. Have students
fill in the missing blanks during
your presentation.
1. Do “It’s About Time” which
involves students making and
presenting their own
timeline.
2. Have the students complete
the “Peer Review” that goes
with this assignment.
3. Do “Then and Now” Have
student complete both of
these assignments which will
take at least 4 days total for
all activities, including
student presentations.
4. Use the suggested rubrics for
grading.
4
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IX. Typesetting
A. Hot Metal – Linotype ‘Slugs’
B. Cold Type – Office Phototypesetting
C. CRTs lead to DTPs
X. Offset Printing
A. Modern Lithography
B. Plate cylinder
C. Blanket cylinder ‘offsets’ image
D. Impression cylinder; image to paper
XI. Screen Printing
A. Silk-screen
B. Woven mesh; ink-blocking stencil
C. Ink pressed through to substrate
XII. Dot Matrix Printing
A. Impact printing like old typewriter
B. Tractor-fed paper
C. NLQ – Near Letter Quality
XIII. Inkjet Printing
A. CIJ – Continuous Inkjet
B. Thermal DOD – Drop on Demand
C. Piezoelectric DOD – Drop on Demand
XIV. Dye-sublimation Printing
A. Heat transfers dye
B. Dye bonds with fabric
XV. Xerography
A. Dry photocopying
B. Scanned image exposed to drum
XVI. Laser Printing
A. Electrostatic digital printing
B. Saved image written to drum with
laser
XVII. Digital Photography
A. CCD – Charge-Coupled Device sensors
B. Image stored as a file; no more film
XVIII. 3D Printing
A. Additive Manufacturing
B. 3D Modeling
C. Successive layers of material built
5
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Multiple Intelligences Guide
Existentialist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Kinesthetic/
Bodily
Logical/
Mathematical
Musical/Rhythmic
Naturalist
Verbal/Linguistic
Visual/Spatial
Application
Guided Practice
The teacher will show the multimedia presentation and explain the progressions made in Printing and
Imaging over the course of time. Point out that change was inevitable as needs became greater. This
should be a reference tool for the writing assignment in this unit.
Independent Practice
Students will perform independent research to complete the following activities:
 Create a timeline detailing printing and imaging events and personal events.
 Write an essay comparing and contrasting two different concepts in printing and imaging.
Summary
Review
 What changes have taken place in Printing and Imaging methods over the years?
 How has Printing and Imaging become more complex?
Evaluation
Informal Assessment
 Daily work on assignments to monitor progress.
Formal Assessment
 Rubrics will be used to assess both activities.
6
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History of Printing and Imaging
Student Notes Outline
I.
Woodblock Printing
a. The first method of printing images, text and patterns on fabrics and other textiles used
wooden blocks
, and then the exposed surface was dipped in paint or ink
and firmly applied or stamped onto the cloth.
b. One early example is the use of seals, blocks carved with images or text, then pressed
into
.
c.
are made by placing the cloth on the carved block and the top is rubbed
with a hard substance to create the pressing.
d. The earliest surviving fragments of are from
around AD 200.
e. Woodblock Printing developed in Asia several centuries before ___________.
II.
Movable Type
a. A system of printing using movable pieces of ______ type carved in ______ like
woodblocks.
b. Page setting was _________ and more__________ than woodblock printing.
c. The metal type pieces also helped lettering become more ________, which increased the
quality of printing and lead to the development of ________________.
d.
developed the movable type printing press in Mainz,
Germany around AD 1439.
e. Acknowledged as the most important invention of the
f. Although others in _______ developed movable type systems using __________, wood,
clay and even metal, historians consider Gutenberg’s press as the invention that sparked
the Printing Revolution.
g. The oldest known book printed with movable metal type was printed in ___________
around AD 1377.
III.
Printing Press
a. Process:
i. Movable type pieces were put in a tray (___________) in the bottom of the press
and ink was applied.
ii. Paper was clipped to an extension then ___________ into place above the type.
iii. The paper and type were rolled into place and a ___________ press evenly
applied pressure on the paper pushing it onto the inked type.
iv. The process was reversed and repeated.
b. Men operating the press, a very labor-intensive job, were called ‘________________’.
c. A European printing press in the 16th century could produce about ___________
impressions per workday.
7
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IV.
Printing Houses
a. __________ ___________ owned the shops, selected the manuscripts, determined the
size of print runs, sold the printed works, and organized distribution.
b. The printing was completed by ______________ of the print house.
c. _________________ first set the movable type for printing in a tray.
d. Pressmen then ________ ____ _______ and ________ ____ _______ with the printing
press.
e. ____________ and _____________ had to work for years to become Compositors or
Pressmen.
V.
Intaglio Printing
a. A family of printing techniques in which the ________ is cut into a surface, and the
sunken area holds the ink.
b. Normally ___________ or ____________ plates are used as the surface or matrix.
c. ____________ and ____________ are types of Intaglio.
d. Today Intaglio engraving is used for printing currency and _______________.
VI.
Lithography
a. Printing from a smooth flat _________ or _________ surface (also called a plate) using a
chemical process to create an image.
b. Invented in 1796 by ____________ author and actor Alois Senefelder
c. Process:
i. Because _________ and _________ don’t mix, an oil based image is first created
on a smooth stone or metal surface.
ii. The surface is then treated with an _________ and gum arabic mixture,
_____________ areas not protected by the grease-based image.
iii. The etched area retains _________ and repels the _________ based ink, which
sticks to the image.
iv. The image can then be transferred and _______________ many times on paper
VII.
Color Printing
a. Using different color inks on separate plates
________________________________________ helped achieve color prints, but the
process was costly and very time consuming, taking months to set the colors in the stone
and months to do the multiple pass printing.
b. Master Printers had to correctly line up the color plates (this is called _____________)
c. High quality color prints were called ‘____________’ and used many color plates.
8
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VIII.
d. Lower quality and lower cost prints could be made by using ____________ of color
requiring fewer color plates; so many ______________ were created this way, it became
a style of image coloring.
Photography
a. It is the combination of the pinhole camera obscura concept with the observations that
certain substances are ___________ _____________ by exposure to light.
b. Pinhole Camera Obscura – Light coming through a pinhole projects an image
(____________ and __________ ____________) in a dark box.
c. Different light sensitive ______________, _____________ and _____________ were
tested over many years; each building a quicker more stable camera.
d. Faint ‘latent’ images were enhanced with various vapors decreasing __________ times.
e. Color photographs originally came from _________________ 3 color sensitive images.
f. _______________ replaced the pinhole bringing more clarity and focus to the photos.
g. Metal plates used to capture exposures were eventual replaced by photosensitive
__________ and ___________.
IX.
Typesetting
a. Hot Metal - _____________ machines mechanized letterpress printing (similar to
Gutenberg printing press) by using molten type metal (_______) molded temporarily for
press ink printing.
b. Slugs, or entire ________ ___ __________, were created.
c. After printing, the slugs are reheated and ______________ for use on another print
project.
d. Photo typesetting is a form of _____________ printing in which machines project
characters onto ____________ first.
e. This ‘_____ _____’ typesetting could now be done in an office instead of a warehouse
f. With the development of _____ screens composition and markup became even easier.
g. These advances in typesetting technology would eventually lead to consumers being
capable of _______________ __________ _____________________.
X.
Offset Printing (____________ _____________________)
a. Today, most high volume printing of posters, books and newspapers use offset ______
b. Process:
i. A photographic negative or a CTP (computer-to-plate) laser image is applied to a
______________ _______________ covered with a photosensitive emulsion.
ii. The plate is attached to a _______________ on a printing press where dampening
rollers apply water.
9
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iii. The water is _______________ by the emulsion of the image area, then
hydrophobic ink is applied to the plate, which is _______________ by the water,
but it sticks to the emulsion of the image area.
iv. A rubber ‘_____________’ cylinder squeezes away the excess water.
v. By means of uniform pressure and with the help of an __________________
cylinder the image is finally transferred to the paper.
Screen Printing
a. Also called ___________-_______________ or serigraphy
b. It uses a woven mesh to support an ______-_______ stencil to receive a desired image.
c. The open areas of mesh allow ink to be pressed through to the
______________________ (surface to be printed).
d. Modern uses for screen printing include posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, and of course Tshirts.
e. Screen-printing on ______________ currently accounts for over half of the screen
printing activity in the United States.
XI.
XII.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Dot Matrix Printing
It uses a print head that prints back and forth on a page and impacts an ______________
_______________ like a typewriter creating letters out of dots.
Normally used for high volume data specific printing on _____________-________ paper.
Because it uses impact printing, ____________ _____________ could be printed as well.
Print heads went from 9 pins to 25 pins increasing the _________ and dots per inch of
printouts
_____ _____ ____ (NLQ) was created by printing a second or third pass, but it was slower
XIII.
Inkjet Printing
a. The printing of a digital image by projecting __________________ of ink onto the print
medium; paper, plastic, metal, etc
b. _________________ ________________ (CIJ) – Ink is pumped at high speed through a
microscopic nozzle and separated into drops by a vibrating piezoelectric crystal.
c. In __________________________ (DOD) Drop on Demand an electronic signal heats the
ink just enough to create a drop for printing placement.
d. In __________________________ (DOD) Drop on Demand uses a piezoelectric print
head creating a pulse to force drops out for printing placement.
XIV.
Dye-sublimation Printing
a. Uses ________________ to transfer dye to materials like paper, plastic or fabric.
b. Excellent for printing _________________________.
c. Many consumer ________________ printers are dye-sublimation printers.
10
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d. Slower than _____________ printing.
e. Uses transfer paper to get graphics to fabrics, but better than screen printing because
the image is _________________ with the material not just placed on top of it.
XV.
Xerography (Photocopying)
a. Also called ______________________________, it is a _________ photocopying
technique using an image projected onto an electrically charged drum to create high
quality reproductions of the original.
b. Process:
i. After the drum head is ________ it is charged and readied to receive the image.
ii. The image is scanned and exposed onto the ___ _ drum creating a latent image
iii. Electrically charged powdered ink (__________) is attracted to the latent image
iv. The image is transferred to the _______________.
v. Then heated and pressed through rollers to __ _the toner in place on the paper
XVI.
Laser Printing
a. Actually an _________ digital printing process that uses an image that is laser projected
on a negatively charged drum to create high quality text and graphics with toner
b. Process:
i. After the drumhead is ________, it is charged and readied to receive the image
ii. The image, which is stored in the ______________ memory, is written to the
drum with a laser, creating a latent image.
iii. Electrically charged powdered ink (__________) is attracted to the latent image
iv. The image is transferred to the _______________
v. Then heated and pressed through rollers to ___ the toner in place on the paper
XVII.
Digital Photography
a. Uses a camera to capture images by projecting light through lenses to
__________________ photodetectors (image sensors) instead of film
b. The image sensors are ___________-____________ ______________ (CCDs) which store
information in the form of pixels
c. Images are stored ____________ eliminating the need to purchase film for the camera
d. Digital cameras can also capture images quicker, perform better in low light, have a
greater _______ ___ ______, and they can have a higher resolution than film cameras
e. But regular film cameras do not have _____________ _______________ or unusual
pattern displays on large blocks of color in images
11
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XVIII. 3D Printing
a. Also called ____________ ________________, uses a virtual 3D model to create a
physical ‘print’ by building layers of material to form the finished object.
b. Process:
i. ___ the image requires computer aided design (CAD) software or a 3D scanner
ii. The ‘fix up’ stage makes sure there are no ___________ __________ (e.g. lines
not connecting properly) in the model.
iii. Successive layers of material are then printed from __________ ____________ of
the model and fused to create the final shape.
iv. Completed the printing may require ______________ of edges and/or painting,
which some 3D printers can do.
12
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History of Printing and Imaging
Student Notes Outline Answer Key
I.
Woodblock Printing
a. The first method of printing images, text and patterns on fabrics and other textiles used
wooden blocks carved in relief, and then the exposed surface was dipped in paint or ink
and firmly applied or stamped onto the cloth.
b. One early example is the use of seals, blocks carved with images or text, then pressed
into clay tablets.
c. Rubbings are made by placing the cloth on the carved block and the top is rubbed with a
hard substance to create the pressing.
d. The earliest surviving fragments of are from China around AD 200.
e. Woodblock Printing developed in Asia several centuries before Europe.
II.
Movable Type
a. A system of printing using movable pieces of metal type carved in relief like woodblocks.
b. Page-setting was quicker and more durable than woodblock printing.
c. The metal type pieces also helped lettering become more uniform, which increased the
quality of printing and lead to the development of typography.
d. Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable type printing press in Mainz, Germany
around AD 1439.
e. Acknowledged as the most important invention of the second millennium.
f. Although others in Asia developed movable type systems using porcelain, wood, clay and
even metal, it was Gutenberg’s press that sparked the Printing Revolution.
g. The oldest known book to be printed with movable metal type was actually printed in
Korea around AD 1377.
III.
Printing Press
a. Process:
i. The movable type pieces were put in a tray (coffin) in the bottom of the press and
ink was applied.
ii. The paper was clipped to an extension then folded into place above the type.
iii. The paper and type were then rolled into place and a screw press evenly applied
pressure on the paper pushing it onto the inked type.
iv. The process was reversed and repeated.
b. Men operating the press, a very labor intensive job, were called ‘Pressmen’.
c. A European printing press in the 16th century could produce about 3600 impressions per
workday.
13
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IV.
Printing Houses
a. Master Printers owned the shops, selected the manuscripts, determined the size of print
runs, sold the printed works, and organized distribution.
b. The printing was completed by employees of the print house.
c. Compositors first set the movable type for printing in a tray.
d. Pressmen then inked the type and pressed the paper with the printing press.
e. Apprentices and Journeymen had to work for years to become Compositors or Pressmen.
V.
Intaglio Printing
a. A family of printing techniques in which the image is cut into a surface, and the sunken
area holds the ink.
b. Normally copper or zinc plates are used as the surface or matrix.
c. Etching and Engraving are types of Intaglio.
d. Today Intaglio engraving is used for printing currency and passports.
VI.
Lithography
a. Printing from a smooth flat stone or metal surface (also called a plate) using a chemical
process to create an image.
b. Invented in 1796 by German author and actor Alois Senefelder.
c. Process:
i. Because oil and water don’t mix, an oil based image is first created on a smooth
stone or metal surface.
ii. The surface is then treated with an acid and gum arabic mixture, etching areas
not protected by the grease-based image.
iii. The etched area retains water and repels the oil based ink, which sticks to the
image.
iv. The image can then be transferred and reproduced many times on paper.
VII.
Color Printing
a. Using different color inks on separate plates (chromolithography) helped achieve color
prints, but the process was costly and very time consuming, taking months to set the
colors in the stone and months to do the multiple pass printing.
b. Master Printers had to correctly line up the color plates (this is called registering).
c. High quality color prints were called ‘chromos’ and used many color plates.
d. Lower quality and lower cost prints could be made by using large blocks of color
requiring fewer color plates; so many posters were created this way, it became a style of
image coloring.
14
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VIII.
Photography
a. It is the combination of the pinhole camera obscura concept with the observations that
certain substances are visibly altered by exposure to light.
b. Pinhole Camera Obscura – Light coming through a pinhole projects an image (reversed
and upside down) in a dark box.
c. Different light sensitive materials, chemicals and plates were tested over many years;
each building quicker more stable cameras.
d. Faint ‘latent’ images were enhanced with various vapors decreasing exposure times.
e. Color photographs originally came from overlaying 3 color sensitive images.
f. Lenses replaced the pinhole bringing more clarity and focus to the photos.
g. Metal plates used to capture exposures were eventually replaced by photosensitive
paper and film.
IX.
Typesetting
a. Hot Metal - Linotype machines mechanized letterpress printing (similar to Gutenberg
printing press) by using molten type metal (lead) molded temporarily for press ink
printing.
b. Slugs, or entire lines of type, were created.
c. After printing, the slugs are reheated and recycled for use on another print project.
d. Photo typesetting is a form of offset printing in which machines project characters onto
film first.
e. This ‘cold type’ typesetting could now be done in an office instead of a warehouse.
f. With the development of CRT screens composition and markup became even easier.
g. These advances in typesetting technology would eventually lead to consumers being
capable of desktop publishing.
X.
Offset Printing (Modern Lithography)
a. Today, most high volume printing of posters, books and newspapers use offset
lithography.
b. Process:
i. A photographic negative or a CTP (computer-to-plate) laser image is applied to a
flexible plate covered with a photosensitive emulsion.
ii. The plate is attached to a cylinder on a printing press where dampening rollers
apply water.
iii. The water is repelled by the emulsion of the image area, then hydrophobic ink is
applied to the plate which is repelled by the water, but it sticks to the emulsion of
the image area.
iv. A rubber ‘blanket’ cylinder squeezes away the excess water.
15
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XI.
v. By means of uniform pressure and with the help of an impression cylinder the
image is finally transferred to the paper.
Screen Printing
a. Also called silk-screen or serigraphy.
b. It uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired image.
c. The open areas of mesh allow ink to be pressed through to the substrate(surface to be
printed).
d. Modern uses for screen-printing include posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, and T-shirts.
e. Screen-printing on garments currently accounts for over half of the screen printing
activity in the United States.
XII.
Dot Matrix Printing
a. Uses a print head that prints back and forth on a page and impacts an inked ribbon like a
typewriter creating letters out of dots.
b. Normally used for high volume data specific printing on tractor-fed paper.
c. Because it uses impact printing, carbon copies could be printed as well.
d. Print heads went from 9 pins to 25 pins increasing the quality and dots per inch of
printouts.
e. Near Letter Quality (NLQ) was created by printing second or third pass, but was slower
XIII.
Inkjet Printing
a. The printing of a digital image by projecting droplets of ink onto the print medium;
paper, plastic, metal, etc.
b. Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) – Ink is pumped at high speed through a microscopic nozzle and
separated into drops by a vibrating piezoelectric crystal.
c. In Thermal (DOD) Drop on Demand an electronic signal heats the ink just enough to
create a drop for printing placement.
d. In Piezoelectric (DOD) Drop on Demand uses a piezoelectric print head creating a pulse to
force drops out for printing placement.
XIV.
Dye-sublimation Printing
a. Uses heat to transfer dye to materials like paper, plastic or fabric.
b. Excellent for printing photographs.
c. Many consumer photo printers are dye-sublimation printers.
d. Slower than inkjet printing.
e. Uses transfer paper to get graphics to fabrics, but better than screen printing because the
image is bonded with the material not just placed on top of it.
16
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Xerography (Photocopying)
a. Also called electrophotography, it is a dry photocopying technique using an image
projected onto an electrically charged drum to create high quality reproductions of the
original.
b. Process:
i. After the drum head is cleaned it is charged and readied to receive the image.
ii. The image is scanned and exposed onto the rotating drum creating a latent
image.
iii. Electrically charged powdered ink (toner) is attracted to the latent image.
iv. The image is transferred to the paper.
v. Then it is heated and pressed through rollers to fuse the toner in place on the
paper.
XV.
Laser Printing
a. It is actually an electrostatic digital printing process that uses an image that is laser
projected on a negatively charged drum to create high quality text and graphics with
toner.
b. Process:
i. After the drum head is cleaned it is charged and readied to receive the image.
ii. The image, which is stored in the printer’s memory, is written to the drum with a
laser, creating a latent image.
iii. Electrically charged powdered ink (toner) is attracted to the latent image.
iv. The image is transferred to the paper.
v. Then it is heated and pressed through rollers to fuse the toner in place on the
paper.
XVI.
Digital Photography
a. Uses a camera to capture images by projecting light through lenses to electronic
photodetectors (image sensors) instead of film.
b. The image sensors are Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) which store information in the
form of pixels.
c. Images are stored digitally eliminating the need to purchase film for the camera.
d. Digital cameras can also capture images quicker, perform better in low light, have a
greater depth of field, and they can have a higher resolution than film cameras.
c. But regular film cameras do not have digital artifacts or unusual pattern displays on large
blocks of color in images.
17
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XIX.
3D Printing
a. Also called Additive Manufacturing, uses a virtual 3D model to create a physical ‘print’ by
building layers of material to form the finished object.
b. Process:
i. Modeling the image requires computer aided design (CAD) software or a 3D
scanner.
ii. The ‘fix up’ stage makes sure there are no manifold errors (e.g. lines not
connecting properly) in the model.
iii. Successive layers of material are then printed from cross sections of the model
and fused to create the final shape.
iv. Completed the printing may require smoothing of edges and/or painting, which
some 3D printers can do.
18
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“It’s About Time”
OBJECTIVE
Students will organize and develop a personal timeline. The purpose of this activity is to classify and
explain key events related to technology in their lifetime.
PROCEDURE
You are to design a personal timeline that includes the following information:
 5 Historic events
 7 Printing and Imaging events
 10 personal milestones in your life
MATERIALS NEEDED:
 Poster boards or butcher paper,
 string or yarn,
 rope,
 pictures,
 computer,
 printer and
 paper.
Be as creative as possible! Use pictures to make your timeline more appealing! No markers or
handwritten information may be used. Everything must be typed, cut, and pasted. The string, yarn or
rope should be used to make the actual timeline and should be adhered to the poster board or butcher
paper.
TIME ALLOTTED:
Be ready to share your timeline with the rest of the class.
19
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All Rights Reserved.
Individual Presentation Rubric
Presentation Title:
Name
Teacher
ID#
Date of Presentation
Organization
Content
Knowledge
Visuals
Mechanics
Delivery
0–5
Audience cannot
understand
presentation because
there is no sequence
of information.
Student does not have
grasp of information;
student cannot
answer questions
about subject.
Student used no
visuals.
Criteria
6 – 10
Audience has
difficulty following
presentation
because student
jumps around.
Student is
uncomfortable with
information and is
able only to answer
rudimentary
questions.
Student occasionally
used visuals that
rarely support text
and presentation.
Points
11 – 15
Student presents
information in
logical sequence
which audience
can follow.
Student is at
ease with
content, but fails
to elaborate.
Visuals related
to text and
presentation.
16 - 20
Student presents
information in
logical, interesting
sequence which
audience can follow.
Student
demonstrates full
knowledge (more
than required) with
explanations and
elaboration.
Student used visuals
to reinforce screen
text and
presentation.
Student’s
presentation had four
or more spelling
errors and or
grammatical errors.
Presentation had
three misspellings
and or grammatical
errors.
Presentation had
no more than
two misspellings
and or
grammatical
errors.
Presentation had no
misspellings or
grammatical errors.
Student mumbles,
incorrectly
pronounces terms and
speaks too quietly for
students in the back of
the class to hear.
Student incorrectly
pronounces terms.
Audience members
have difficultly
hearing
presentation.
Student’s voice
is clear. Student
pronounces
most words
correctly.
Student used clear
voice and correct,
precise
pronunciation of
terms.
Total
Teacher Comments:
20
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All Rights Reserved.
“Then and Now”
OBJECTIVE:
Students will conduct research and investigate similarities and differences between selected forms of
Printing and Imaging by comparing past and present concepts.
PROCEDURE:
You are to research one or two forms of Printing and Imaging from the past. Compare and contrast
your choice(s) with one or two current forms of Printing and Imaging.
Answer these questions in your response:
1. How would you rate your selections?
2. What are your opinions of the two Printing and Imaging methods you selected?
3. How would you compare the day to day activities of the past form of Printing and Imaging to
that of the current form?
4. How did they impact culture?
Summarize your findings in a 450–500 word typed essay.
21
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All Rights Reserved.
Research Report Rubric
Research Report Title:
Name
Teacher
ID#
1
Questions or
problems are
Introduction/Topic
teacher
generated
Criteria
2
Student(s)
require prompts
to generate
questions and or
problems.
A conclusion is
Conclusions
made from the
Reached
evidence offered.
Some detailed
conclusions are
reached from the
evidence offered.
Information is
gathered from
Information
non-electronic or
Gathering
electronic
sources only.
Information is
gathered from
limited electronic
and nonelectronic
sources.
Summary Paragraph
Weakly
organized.
There are four or
Punctuation,
more errors in
Capitalization, and
punctuation and
Spelling
or capitalization.
Well organized,
but demonstrates
illogical
sequencing and
sentence
structure.
There are two or
three errors in
punctuation and
or capitalization.
Points
3
4
Student(s)
Student(s)
properly
generate
generate
questions and or questions and
problems.
or problems
around a topic.
Numerous
Several detailed
detailed
conclusions are
conclusions are
reached from the
reached from
evidence
the evidence
offered.
offered.
Information is
Information is
gathered from
gathered from
multiple
multiple
electronic and
electronic and
non-electronic
non-electronic
sources and
sources.
cited properly.
Well organized,
Well organized,
but
demonstrates
demonstrates
logical
illogical
sequencing
sequencing or
and sentence
sentence
structure.
structure.
There is one
Punctuation
error in
and
punctuation and capitalization
or capitalization. are correct.
Total
Teacher Comments:
22
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