Lesson Plan
Course Title: Principles of Architecture and Construction
Session Title: Career Discovery - Urban Design
Performance Objective: After completing this lesson the student will be able to demonstrate
basic awareness of the urban design concept and demonstrate an awareness of the job market
for urban designers.
Specific Objectives:






The student will define various urban design concepts.
The student will demonstrate proper internet research procedures including using
advanced research tools.
The student will define the attributes of an urban designer.
The student will identify the skills and requirements needed to become an urban
designer.
The student will identify the job outlook for urban designers.
The student will create an urban design preliminary plan sketch.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
130.42.(c)(4)(B)
.. read and understand industry-specific terminology
130.42.(c)(4)(D)
.. use verbal or written processes to report key information
130.42.(c)(7)(A)
.. confirm understanding of verbal and visual instructions
130.42.(c)(7)(C)
.. perform assignments as requested
130.42.(c)(10)(C)
.. evaluate feasibility of alternative suggestions
130.42.(c)(15)(A)
.. search for information and resources
130.42.(c)(15)(C)
.. select appropriate search procedures and approaches
130.42.(c)(15)(H)
.. success commercial, government and education resources
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130.42.(c)(34)(E)
.. identify job opportunities for the trade
130.42.(c)(34)(G)
.. analyze potential growth of identified careers
130.42.(c)(34)(I)
.. examine licensing, certification and credentialing requirements at the national, state,
local level to achieve compliance
130.42.(c)(35)(A)
.. research information to identify appropriate responsibilities and personal
characteristics
130.42.(c)(35)(C)
.. identify all critical functions
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
English:
110.31 (c)(21)(B)
.. organize information gathered from multiple sources to create a variety of graphics
and forms
110.31 (c)(22)(B)
.. evaluate the relevance of information to the topic and determine the reliability, validity
and accuracy of sources (including internet sources) by examining their authority and
objectivity
110.31 (c)(23)(C)
uses graphics and illustrations to help explain concepts where appropriate
Teacher Preparation:
This lesson is designed to introduce the student to the concept of Urban Design and to guide
the student in determining the job aspects and credentialing process of the Urban Designer.
This lesson requires the student to read and comprehend specific data (from data sheet
supplied). This lesson is designed to guide the student in using internet research tools to gather
specific information and apply the information in a guided exercise in Urban Design.
References:
Alan Jefferis and David Madsen, Architectural Drafting and Design, Delmar Publisher
Teachers Guide, Career information, BLS
Urban Design Group
Gardnerville Plan for Prosperity, Gardnerville, CA
North Old Town / Chinatown Redevelopment Strategy, Portland Development
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Commission , Portland, OR
Urban Design Concepts, West Jordan Town Center, LMN Architects
Urban Design Certificate Program, University of Washington
Compact City and Sustainable Urban Form, Hideki Kaji, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
Instructional Aids:
1. Display for PowerPoint, websites
2. Reference books (current course text or architectural text)
3. Reference websites (Google Map)
4. Google Map and Google Earth
Materials Needed:
1. Urban Design data sheet
2. Note pad or notebook paper
3. Vellum or tracing paper
3. Set colored pencils
4. Printer paper (teacher may supply printed project map, included or have students print
from the internet
Equipment Needed:
1. Method to display student activity results (optional)
2. Computers if using the internet research option for the student activity
3. Printer
4. Optional: Drafting template (rectangles & squares) and straight edge (triangle)
Learner Preparation:
1. Discuss procedure for paginating a word document.
2. Discuss class rules for using the internet.
3. Demonstrate sketching techniques needed for exercise 2.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): (10-15 minutes)
ASK: Does anyone know what urban design means?
SAY: If you have been to a new modern shopping center with apartments or town homes
nearby and have places for people to walk and gather, you have seen an example of urban
design.
SHOW: At appropriate times during the introduction and slide show pictures, illustrations or
sketches of actual and/or proposed urban developments.
ASK: Have you ever thought about what it takes to plan or design people places (places where
people live, shop and recreate)?
SAY : Urban design does not just happen. A lot of research, negotiating and planning among a
large number of people and groups forms the nucleus of the model Urban Design.
ASK: What is Urban Design and who are Urban Designers?
SAY: Let's see if we can answer these questions and find out if urban design is in your future.
Outline
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Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline:
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
Part One --What is Urban Design?
Summarize data sheet
page 1
Urban Design is …
.
I. Community Character
A. Reflect history
B. Reflect town traditions
C. Pride in ownership
D. Pedestrian friendly
E. Meets demand of contemporary
automobile
II. Mix-Use Places
A. Planned development
B. Mix-use places
C. Horizontal development
D. Vertical development
III. Pedestrian Connections
A. Safe and comfortable experiences
B. Cluster interconnection should have ease
of access
C. Perimeter parking concept
D. Inward parking concept
IV. Traffic Calming
A. Traffic management is a must
B. Street-scaping
C. Pedestrian friendly paving
D. Dedicated pedestrian and bicycle paths
V. Dimension of Sustainability
A. Economic sustainability
B. Environment sustainability
C. Social sustainability
VI. Protecting and Creating Economic Wealth
A. Certainty for project developers
B. Common expectation about quality
C. Create and protect economic opportunities
Part Two --What Is an Urban Designer?
Urban designers are defined by…
Summarize definition
from data sheet page
2
I. What Is the Job Like?
A. Determine city land use
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B.
C.
D.
E.
Deal with traffic and air pollution
Plan for public accessibility
Determine parking procedures
Analyze statistics on street use, roadways,
water consumption, sewers, schools,
libraries, parks, museums etc.
F. Develop and explain how new plans will
address the community expectations
II.
How Do I Get Ready?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
III.
College
Apprenticeship
Study computer science
Study statistics
Practice speaking and writing
How Much Does the Job Pay?
A. Entry level
B. Experienced designers
IV.
How many Jobs Are There?
A.
B.
C.
D.
V.
38,400 in 2008
Local government jobs
Private architectural firms
State governments
What About the Future?
A. Faster growth than the overall average
B. Most growth tied to population growth
C. Most future jobs in rapidly expanding
communities
VI.
What Are Some Related Jobs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Architects
City managers
Civil engineers
Community development directors
Environmental engineers
Landscape architects
Social scientists (geographers)
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
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Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Teacher will demonstrate the criteria for completing the Urban Design lesson.
Teacher will distribute the lesson data sheet and exercise 1 and 2 sheets.
Teacher will demonstrate the procedure for competing exercises 1 and 2.
Optional: Teacher will distribute the maps sheets if Google Earth is not available.
Optional: Students may be divided into small groups for exercise 2.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students will be given approximately 12-15 minutes to complete the criteria given in exercise 1.
Students will be given approximately 15-20 minutes to complete the criteria given in exercise 2.
Teacher should observe the students as they complete exercises 1 and 2 and document
behavior using a camera and/or monitoring software if located in a lab environment.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
Question: Was the organization of the information such that it was easy to comprehend?
Question: Do you understand how accurate and complete information makes it easier to
successfully complete a job?
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Instructor should observe the students' independent practice time and note the issues or
questions that arise. These should be brought up during summary time
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Student should receive a grade for completing the research assignment. Research document
should be turned in for evaluation.
Student should receive a grade for active participation.
Optional: Teacher will administer the "Urban Design Quiz" ( or use teacher written quiz) to
check for understanding and as an evaluation tool for the independent exercises.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
This lesson could easily be expanded into a longer time frame project. Additional research
points could be added as enumerated in the student data sheet.
The Urban Design activity could first be done individually then randomly group students in
groups of three. Each student presents his design then the students combine elements of each
design to create a new design proposal.
Groups or individuals could present their design concept which could be supported with
independent or internet research.
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URBAN DESIGN --DATA SHEET
What Is Urban Design?
Urban Design is the study of the relationship among the components within a city and of
the development of a design plan which will improve the quality of life within the city. It
ranges in scale from parts of an environment such as streetscapes to the larger whole
of districts, towns, cities or regions. Urban Design is manifest in all aspects of the
physical environment including form, space movement, time, activity patterns and
setting. Urban Design is concerned with the sensory and cognitive relationships
between people and their environment.
The urban plan will create a network of connected mix-use (commercial and residential)
neighborhoods that are safe, pedestrian friendly, convenient and meet the needs of the
populace. The urban design should provide direction for three clusters of opportunity
sites where coordinated development can have the greatest positive impact.
Community Character
Urban Design concepts should reflect the history and traditions of the town. Pride in
ownership is an important consideration as economic growth will respond to this
context. The central plan should be pedestrian friendly with outlying areas providing the
needs of contemporary demands of the automobile.
Mix-use Places
The modern urban plan utilizes planned developments that mix residential and
commercial uses. These developments may be horizontal or stacked. The horizontal
model has separated residential and commercial structures intermingled on the same
site providing ease of access between the two. Stacked developments have both uses
in the same structure. Commercial store fronts usually occupy the lower levels while
residential areas occupy the upper levels.
Pedestrian Connections
One objective of urban planning is to design new projects that provide safety and
comfort. The inter connection between use clusters should be planned for ease of
access. One concept places parking on the perimeter with clusters inward. Another
concept places clusters on the perimeter with parking inward. Both concepts should
provide connecting sidewalks which promote access between clusters.
Traffic Calming
Urban planning must include managing automobile traffic. This includes streetscaping
and paving materials that make it clear roadways are passing through pedestrian
districts. Provision of on-street parking, designed widths and pedestrian amenities
indicate cars are sharing neighborhood streets with pedestrians and bicycles.
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Dimension of Sustainability
Economic Sustainability-Economic activities grow in stability by changing its structure to saving resources and
energies.
Environmental Sustainability-All the city activities work with zero emission to maintain safe and comfortable
environment for urban residence.
Social Sustainability-Social equity is achieved by equal distribution of social services.
Protecting and Creating economic Value
One of the benefits of a master urban plan is that it provides certainty for project
developers and adjacent property owners. There is a common expectation about the
quality and creation of shared addresses that creates higher values for land and existing
and future buildings. The urban concepts should create and protect economic
opportunities for the community and property owners.
What Is An Urban Designer?
A wide variety of people call themselves urban designers. In one sense anyone who is
involved in making places, is active in urban design. Even if you take a college course
in "urban design” what you learn will depend on which university you choose. Urban
Design is a much diversified profession and not all universities have the same
curriculum. Local institutions decide what an "Urban Design" curriculum should be
and/or what expertise and knowledge you need to be able to practice as an urban
designer. The American Planning Association (APA) is a professional organization
which offers a certification program for the American Institute of Certified Planners
(AICP).
An urban designer needs a broad understanding of cities and towns and ways of
making them work better. This involves understanding how the planning system
operates, how developers make their costs add up, how to assess what makes a
particular place special, how to make places easy to move around by foot and vehicle,
how to bring life to places that have become run down, how to conserve historic
buildings, how to make the most of landscape, how to think about the future of small
and large development sites, how to involve local people, how to make sure projects
actually happen, how to communicate effectively, how to negotiate and how to write
design and guidance policy.
This may sound like a lot of subjects, but they are all interconnected in urban designing.
The urban designer is not expected to be expert in all of these areas but it is essential to
see the interworking of them and to see the whole picture.
What Is the Job Like?
City planners figure out the best way to use the land in cities and neighborhoods. They
report on the best location for houses, stores and parks. They try to solve many
problems such as traffic increase and air pollution. Designers want to make sure
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people can get to where they need as easy as possible. They plan where people
should drive cars, where to park, where to ride bicycles and where to walk.
Designers are also concerned about saving the environment and providing schools,
parks, roads and recreation centers.
Before making plans for an urban development, urban designers need to know where
everything is. They find out how many people use the streets, highways, water, sewers,
schools, libraries, museums and parks. Designers listen to advice of people who live in
the community. With these and many other facts, the urban designer develops a plan
and explains the new plans. They also give an estimate of the cost of the changes.
How Do I Get Ready?
Most employers seek persons who have a master's degree in city planning or urban
design. Sometimes employers will hire persons who have worked as a planner for a
long time. A bachelor's degree is good to have when looking for the first job. Persons
who are interested in becoming urban designers should take courses in computer
science.
To become an urban designer you should know how to use a computer. Classes in
Architecture and Construction are also helpful. You must take the right amount of
classes. Working in an office of a city planner is very helpful. Urban designers must be
able to speak and write well and must pass a test for certification.
How Much Does the Job Pay?
In May, 2008, urban and regional planners had an average annual salary of $62,400.
How Many Jobs Are There?
Urban and regional designers held about 38,400 jobs in 2008. Most of them worked for
local governments. Some designers worked for private architectural and engineering
firms. Some worked for state governments.
What About the Future?
The number of jobs for urban designers is expected to grow faster than the average for
all occupations through the year 2018. Most of their work will result from the population
growth. Most jobs will be in rapidly expanding communities.
What Are Some Related Jobs?
Architects, City Managers, Civil Engineers, Community Development Directors,
Environmental Engineers, Landscape Architects and Social Scientists (geographers).
References:
Alan Jefferis and David Madsen, Architectural Drafting and Design, Delmar Publisher
Teachers Guide, Career information, BLS
Urban Design Group
Gardnerville Plan for Prosperity, Gardnerville, CA
North Old Town, Chinatown Redevelopment Strategy, Portland Development
Commission, Portland, OR
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Urban Design Concepts, West Jordan Town Center, LMN Architects
Urban Design Certificate Program, University of Washington
Compact City And Sustainable Urban Form, Hideki Kaji, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
American Planning Association, 1776 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Suite 400, Washington,
DC 20036 (www.planning.org)
Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, 6311 Mallard Trace, Tallahassee, FL
32312 (www. Acsp.org)
Additional Research:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2102-11 Edition
(www.bls.gov/oco/ocos057.htm)
Occupational Outlook Quarterly (www. Bls.gov/opub/ooq/2005/spring/art01.pdf)
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Urban Design Activity Sheet
Activity 1
Research Instructions:
Teacher: Each student should be given access to this document. Document may be
modified to suit. Assign each student a specific search engine to use (teacher may
modify list to suit)
1. Google.com
2. Yahoo.com
3. Ask.com 4. Bing.com
5. Other
The teacher should be sure each student knows how to access the computer and use
the advanced search options in each search engine.
Student: Complete the Header of this document with the correct information.
Procedure: Connect to the internet using your school procedure. Use the assigned
search engine and *advanced search procedures for the following:
1. List the top three requirements for being hired as an urban designer (urban
design jobs, qualifications for urban designers)
a.
b.
c.
2. The three college courses an urban designer should take (urban design
certification programs, colleges for urban design)
a.
b.
c.
3. Locate three images of proposed or actual urban developments. List the name
of the development below and copy and paste the images below (urban design
images, urban design projects).
a.
b.
c.
4. Print your document using class print procedures.
*Use quotes before and after multiple word searches (“urban design”)
*Use a colon and specific location after the search word(s) to specific limit the
search to the specified area (“urban design jobs”:TX).
*Use the “advanced search” feature of the search engine.
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Urban Design Activity 2
Requirements: 1)Access to computers and 2) Google Earth. If Google Earth is not
available you may use the attached printed maps. (Copy attached Google Earth Maps
to document, enlarge to fit page and print one map for each student 3) Colored pencils
or markers.
Teacher: Assign each student a specific location from the list below (substitute areas
may be used). Substitute areas should be zoomed to an altitude of 200 ft.
Student: Use the assigned link below. Study the area shown on the map. Note the
location of buildings, vegetation (landscape). Save the map as a bitmap then change
the color to “Washout”. Print the map using school print procedures. Use the printed
map or the one furnished for the following exercise.
Procedure: Connect to the internet using your school procedure. Using the assigned
link below examine the listed areas. Assume the listed area is scheduled for redevelopment. You have been given the job to come up with a proposal for the redevelopment. Use the images from Activity 1 and the attached sample as reference.
Follow the criteria below for your development. Use colored pencils or markers to
illustrate the different types of buildings, parking, walks, bike paths, parks, etc.
1. Use existing streets as shown on map
2. Lots may be combined
3. Use existing buildings and/or create new ones or use a combination of new and
current structures. Use different colors for different types of buildings (shops,
restaurants, theaters etc.)
4. Identify parking areas, walking paths, parks, pavilions, water features etc.
5. Any building may be removed by drawing new feature over it.
6. Interior streets may be blocked off, designated as one way or converted to
walkway, bike path etc.
7. Boundary streets must stay as is but may be designated as one way to
accommodate traffic flow.
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Area One: New Braunfels Re-development Project
This area of the city scheduled for re-development is bounded by Frostwood Dr. on
the west, Riverside Dr. on the east and Summerwood Dr. on the north.
Click on the link below to see the map. Use Google Earth to view current buildings
and landscape. Use colored pencils or markers to draw off and color in the features
of your proposal. Be sure to include a legend to identify the colors used for different
structures, roads, paths, etc.
<http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=29.709319,98.104056&spn=0.00534,0.006673&t=f&z=17&ecpose=29.70918723,98.10405598,746.92,0.011,1.517,0>
Area Two: Abilene Re-development Project
This area of Abilene is scheduled for re-development. The new development will
be between Interstate 20 on the north, South 3rd St. on the south , Meander St. on
the east and Amarillo St. on the west.
Click on the link below to see the map. Use Google Earth to view current buildings
and landscape. Use colored pencils or markers to draw off and color in the features
of your proposal. Be sure to include a legend to identify the colors used for different
structures, roads, paths, etc.
http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=f&ecpose=32.44816278,99.74535542,901.99,0,5.296,0&ll=32.448474,99.745355&spn=0.003074,0.004608&z=18
Area Three: McKinney Re-development Project
This area of McKinney is to be re-developed. The new development will include a
multi-story hotel. The area is bounded on the north by US 380, on the south by W.
Pearson Avenue and by Sherman St. and Coleman St. on the west and east,
respectively.
Click on the link below to see the map. Use Google Earth to view current buildings
and landscape. Use colored pencils or markers to draw off and color in the features
of your proposal. Be sure to include a legend to identify the colors used for different
structures, roads, paths, etc.
http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=f&ecpose=33.2130801,96.61914519,604,0,5.3,0&ll=33.213427,96.619145&spn=0.003047,0.004608&z=18
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Sample
Project:
Your
project
should
be color
coded
for
features,
structure
s and
landscap
ing.
Include
labels
and color
code
legend.
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Optional Maps if internet or Google Earth is not available
New Braunfels Google Earth Map
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New Braunfels Google Map
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Abilene Google Earth Map
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Abilene Google Map
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McKinney Google Earth Map
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McKinney Google Map
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Urban Design Reading Questions and Quiz
Part 1 --Reading assignment
Directions: Read the Urban Design Data sheet and complete the following. Fill in the
blank with the word or phrase from the reading assignment that best completes the
statement.
______ 1. Urban designers are concerned with creating plans that improve the
__________ of life within the city.
______ 2. The urban plan will create a network of connected ________
neighborhoods.
______ 3. Urban plans should provide _________ and comfort for pedestrians.
______ 4. Urban designing must include a method for managing ________.
______ 5. Planners are concerned about saving the _________.
______ 6. Economic, environmental and social _________ is a critical element of
urban design.
______ 7. Urban designers make _______ and _______ work better.
______ 8. Urban designers must also estimate the total ______ of the project.
______ 9. A master urban plan provides ______ for developers and land owners.
______ 10. Urban designers must know where _______ is.
______ 11. Anyone who is involved in ________ places is involved in urban
designing.
______ 12. A ________ is good to have when looking for your first job as an urban
designer.
______ 13. Urban designers must know how to use a _____________.
______ 14. The number of jobs for planners is expected to _________.
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Urban Design Reading Questions and Quiz
Part 2 --True or False Quiz
Directions: Read each statement carefully. If the statement is completely true place a
printed, capital "T" in the blank to the left of the statement. If any part of the statement
is false, place a printed capital "F" in the blank to the left of the statement. Use
standard block lettering.
______ 1. Urban designers are concerned only with the environment.
______ 2. The central plan should be pedestrian friendly.
______ 3. On-street parking should be avoided at all costs.
______ 4. Urban designers rely on managers and others for negotiating and writing
policy.
______ 5. City planners figure out the best way to use the land in cities and
neighborhoods.
______ 6. Urban designers must be knowledgeable in a wide range of subjects.
______ 7. Urban design is not an exact or narrowly defined occupation.
______ 8. Persons interested in urban design should take courses in computer science
and statistics and classes in Architecture and Construction.
______ 9. Most urban design jobs are with small architectural firms.
______ 10. Urban designers need to know where everything related to city life is.
______ 11. The future of urban design is directly related to the growth and expansion of
communities.
______ 12. Urban designers are not generally concerned with the preservation of
existing old buildings.
______ 13. Mix-use concepts use the "stacked" and/or the "horizontal" structure
concept.
______ 14. The horizontal structure always places parking on the perimeter with shops
in the middle.
______ 15. Streetscaping and landscaping are vital part of the urban development
plan.
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Answers to Urban Design Reading Questions and Quiz
Part 1
1. quality
Part 2
1. F
2. mix-use
2. T
3. safety
3. F
4. traffic
4. F
5. environment
5. T
6. sustainability
6. T
7. cities, towns
7. T
8. cost
8. T
9. certainty
9. F
10. everything
10. T
11. making
11. T
12. degree
12. F
13. computer
13. T
14. increase
14. F
15. T
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Urban Design Rubric
Task Statement:
Urban Design
Task Assignment: _______________________________________
Criteria Concepts/Skills to be
Assessed
Novice
1
Criteria Categories
(Novice to Exemplary)
Developing
Accomplished
2
3
Exemplary
4
Demonstrate understanding of
Urban Design Concept
No understanding
Some
understanding
Good
understanding
Fully understands
(Possible 8 points)
(1-2 points)
(3-4 points)
(5-6 points)
(7-8 points)
Identifies types of mix-use
places (buildings)
Unable to identify
Able to identify one
type
Identifies each type
in some cases
(Possible 8 points)
(1-2 points)
(3-4 points)
(5-6 points)
Identifies each type
in most cases
(7-8 points)
Navigate advanced search
procedures
(Possible 8 points)
Unable to use
advanced search
feature
(1-2 points)
Improperly uses
advanced search
features
(3-4 points)
Sometimes uses
advanced search
features
(5-6 points)
Accurately and
effectively uses
advanced searches
(7-8 points)
Utilizes research data to solve
design problem
Does not use
research data
Applies research
data inappropriately
Utilizes some date
appropriately
Uses data
appropriately
(Possible 16 points)
(1-4 points)
(5-8 points)
(9-12 points)
(13-16 points)
A = 31-40 points; B = 21-30 points; C = 11-20 points; D = 6-10 points
Maximum points = 40
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Total Points:
Points
Earned