Lesson Plan
Course Title: Architectural Design
Session Title: Architectural Models
Performance Objective:
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to explain the various types of architectural
models used to represent residential structures, and will construct a wall section of a model out
of balsa wood to match one of the illustrations in the PowerPoint Presentation.
Specific Objectives:
The students will be able to:
•
•
•
List the features commonly included in a presentation model.
Summarize the steps for constructing a balsa wood model.
Construct the wall section of a balsa wood model of a house.
Preparation
TEKS Correlations:
This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the
activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed.
Architectural Design:
•
130.46 (c)(3)(A)(B)(C)
...demonstrate knowledge of architectural design principles;
...determine building code and zoning requirements for building types in a selected area;
...demonstrate knowledge of the various grades and types of construction materials.
•
130.46 (c)(4)(A)(B)(C)
...safely use the tools, materials, and equipment commonly employed in the field of
architectural computer-aided drafting;
...properly handle and dispose of environmentally hazardous materials;
...demonstrate knowledge of new and emerging technologies that may affect the field of
architecture.
•
130.46 (c)(5)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G)(H)(J)(N)(Q)(R)(S)
...use problem-solving skills to analyze a situation to identify a problem to be solved;
...break a complex problem into component parts that can be analyzed and solved
separately;
...strive for accuracy and precision;
...work independently;
...work collaboratively;
...research an architectural project;
...design and present an effective architectural product;
...present a final architectural product for critique;
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
1
...develop preliminary sketches of a commercial or residential architectural design;
...develop building designs to ensure compatibility between interior and exterior to
enhance overall appearance;
...develop details of floor and wall sections as required;
...demonstrate knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act; and
...assemble an architectural design in three dimensions.
•
130.46 (c)(7)(A)(B)
...begin illustrating ideas for architectural projects from direct observation, experiences,
and imagination; and
...begin comparing and contrasting the use of architectural elements such as color,
texture, form, line, space, value, and architectural principles such as emphasis, pattern,
rhythm, balance, proportion, and unity in personal architectural projects and those of
others using vocabulary accurately.
Interdisciplinary Correlations:
English:
•
110.42 (b)(6)(A)(B)
…expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussing;
…rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative
language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary;
•
110.42 (b)(7)(A)(I)(J)
…establish a purpose for reading such as to discover, interpret, and enjoy;
…use study strategies such as skimming and scanning, note taking, outlining, and using
study-guide questions to better understand texts;
…read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time;
Mathematical Models with Applications:
•
111.36 (c)(1)(A)(B)(C)
…compare and analyze various methods for solving a real-life problem;
…use multiple approaches (algebraic, graphical, and geometric methods) to solve
problems from a variety of disciplines;
…select a method to solve a problem, defend the method, and justify the
reasonableness of the results.
Teacher Preparation:
The teacher will prepare the PowerPoint presentation for viewing in class; gather examples of
models from previous classes, magazines, and samples of constructed models (optional); and,
be prepared to demonstrate how models should be constructed.
References:
Textbook – Architecture – Residential Drawing and Design by Clois E. Kicklighter,
The Goodheart - Willcox Company, Inc. Publishers, April 2003.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
2
Other references: workbook; trade journals, home finder publications, magazines, etc.
Instructional Aids:
1. PowerPoint overhead visuals of architectural models of houses
2. Vocabulary words and terms with answers
3. Constructed scale models (optional)
4. Written exam on architectural models of houses
5. Exam key
Materials Needed:
1. Vocabulary handouts for each student
6. PowerPoint presentation handout illustrating architectural models of houses
2. Pictures and samples of models of houses from previous classes
3. Balsa wood
4. Stick pins for nails
5. Glue
6. Sandpaper
7. Paints
8. Exterior Model Templates
9. Model landscaping material
Equipment Needed:
1. Computer
2. Projection unit – overhead
3. LCD Projector
4. Model Back Saw
5. Miter box
Learner Preparation: The construction of the wall section, or any model, is based on the
student having previous knowledge of building to scale.
Introduction
Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):
• SAY: Today we will learn about the various types of architectural models used to build a
house, and you will have a chance to construct the wall section of a model out of balsa
wood.
• ASK: What is a model?
• ASK: Why are models used?
• SHOW: Examples of models from magazines and from previous classes, PowerPoint
slides, and/or constructed scale models.
• SAY: Name three types of models that may be used for homes (small scale, structural,
and presentation).
• ASK: What is the “Scale” of most residential models? (¼’ = 1’-0”)
• SHOW: Features of a presentation model as shown in slide and printed as handout;
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
3
•
•
•
•
and, distribute handout of vocabulary terms.
ASK: What are the features as shown in the handout? (wall studs, ceiling joist, rafters,
headers above doors and windows)
SAY: Next, you will build a wall section of a model out of balsa wood.
ASK: What is the first step in getting ready to build a residential model? (finalize floor
plan)
SAY: What do you think are the next steps for building a balsa wood model? (gather
needed materials, lay-out the model, construct the model)
Outline
Outline (LSI Quadrant II):
Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in
conjunction with the following outline.
MI
Outline
Notes to Instructor
I. Introduce the lesson by describing styles of houses Show examples of the
and questioning the students as to the types of
various styles of
houses they will be building.
houses from previous
classes and in
PowerPoint
presentation.
Constructed scale
models work well for
demonstration
purposes.
.
II. List the features commonly included in a
presentation model.
A. Wall Studs
B. Ceiling Joist
C. Rafters
D. Door & Window Openings
E. Headers above doors & windows
Show PowerPoint slide
of Presentation Model
Features. Distribute
handouts illustrating
the models of houses.
III. Summarize the steps for constructing a balsa
wood model.
A. Finalize floor plan
B. Gather needed materials
C. Lay-out the model
D. Construct model
Discuss how models
should be made.
The steps for
constructing the balsa
wood model are basic
steps that would be
used in the
construction of any
type model or project.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
4
IV. Construct a wall section of a model from balsa
Wood.
(Note: this is an ongoing project that can take up to 6
weeks to complete. Students may want to start with
the actual construction of a simple wall section.)
The construction of
this, or any, model is
based on the
knowledge of building
to scale.
The teacher may
either buy scaled
model construction
parts, or make their
own from larger stock
balsa wood.
Since construction
models are rather
expensive and take a
fair amount of time to
construct properly, it is
recommended that
construction be done
in teams of 2, and no
more than 4. If one
has an exceptional
student that wants to
work alone, that is
acceptable.
IV. Read Chapter 31 in your textbook.
A. Review the vocabulary words in chapter of
text book.
B. And/or review vocabulary words and terms in
handout.
Distribute vocabulary
words and terms
handout.
V. Answer the review questions found at the end of
Chapter 31 in your textbook; or, the teacher may
review the questions that will be covered on the
written exam provided in this lesson.
All book work is based
on individual work.
Each student must
complete work
independently.
VI. Written Exam on Architectural Models.
Written evaluation is
based on individual
work.
Copy and paste Multiple Intelligences Graphic in appropriate place in left column.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
5
Verbal
Linguistic
Logical
Mathematical
Visual
Spatial
Musical
Rhythmic
Bodily
Kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existentialist
Application
Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
The teacher will give a demonstration of how to construct a wall section, and will guide the
students through completion of their wall section, answering questions as the students are
building.
Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):
Students will be reviewing the illustrations in their textbook and the handout as they are working
on constructing the wall section. They will be studying for a written exam over architectural
models.
Summary
Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):
The teacher will go over the vocabulary words and questions that will be on the written exam as
a review for the exam.
Evaluation
Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):
Teacher will use Socratic questioning of students, having them identify the various styles of
houses, and why each is appropriate for the locale where that they are located.
• Name three types of models that may be used for homes.
• What is the “Scale” of most residential models?
• What is the first step in getting ready to build a residential model?
Students may answer the questions at the end of chapter 31 in the textbook.
Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):
Comprehensive written test over the material outlined in chapter 31 in the textbook; or, in the
written exam provided with this lesson.
Extension
Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
6
1. The students may want to complete the actual construction of the balsa wood model
which can take up to 6 weeks to complete.
2. Take a trip to a hobby shop to actually show the various modeling materials for houses.
3. Site visit to a construction site to see a house being built.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
7
Architectural Models
Vocabulary Words and Terms
1. Model
2. Wall Stud
3. Ceiling / Floor Joist
4. Rafters
5. Header
6. Plat Plan
7. Laser-Cut Model Parts
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
8
Architectural Models
Answers to Vocabulary Words and Terms
1. Model: A scale size representation of either a finished or proposed object.
2. Wall Stud: The vertical framing member of a wall.
3. Ceiling / Floor Joist: A horizontal structural member that supports the floor or
ceiling system.
4. Rafters: One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof
loads.
5. Header: A beam placed perpendicular to joists and to which joists are nailed in
framing for chimney, stairway, or other opening (windows & doors).
6. Plat Plan: A drawing of surveyed land indicating the location, boundaries, and
dimensions of the parcel. The recorded plat, usually sent to an appropriate
governmental office or the county record office, also contains information as to
the easements, restrictions, and lot number.
7. Laser-Cut Model Parts: Scale parts of a model that have been pre-cut by a
laser and usually left in a larger part of material in which you press it out of this
larger piece for use.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
9
Architectural Models
Written Exam
1. What are the three types of models used for architectural models?
a.____________________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________________
c.____________________________________________________________
2. What scale is used in most architectural models?
3. When is a plat plan a necessity in building a model?
4. What is the first step in getting ready to build a model?
5. What are three types of materials that are commonly used in building models?
a.____________________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________________
c.____________________________________________________________
6. List the 5 features commonly used in a presentation model.
a.____________________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________________
c.____________________________________________________________
d.____________________________________________________________
e.____________________________________________________________
7. Summarize the four steps for constructing a balsa wood model.
a.____________________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________________
c.____________________________________________________________
d.____________________________________________________________
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
10
Architectural Models
Answers to Written Exam
1. What are the three types of models used for architectural models?
a. Small Scale Models
b. Structural Models
c. Presentation Models
2. What scale is used in most architectural models?
a. ¼’ = 1’-0”
3. When is a plat plan a necessity in building a model?
a. When the site in on un-level or hilly land.
4. What is the first step in getting ready to build a model?
a. Obtain a good set of construction plans; either commercially prepared or one the
student has drawn.
5. What are three types of materials that are commonly used in building models?
a. Styrofoam sheets
b. Cardboard or Illustration board
c. Balsa wood
6. List the 5 features commonly used in a presentation model.
a. Wall Studs
b. Ceiling Joist
c. Rafters
d. Door and Window Openings
e. Headers above Doors and Windows
7. Summarize the four steps for constructing a balsa wood model.
a. Finalize Floor Plan
b. Gather Needed Materials
c. Lay-out the Model
d. Construct Model
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
11
Architectural Model Rubric
Task Statement: Construct the wall section of an architectural model of a house.
Task Assignment: Accurately and neatly construct the wall section of the model out of balsa wood to match illustration in handout.
Criteria Categories
Concepts/Skills to be
(Novice to Exemplary)
Assessed
Novice
Developing
Accomplished
Exemplary
Points
1
2
3
4
Earned
Finalize floor plan
Made an attempt to
Sketched floor plan
Sketched floor plan with
Sketched floor plan with
sketch floor plan
with minimal
minimum of 80%
minimum of 95%
construction
construction components construction components
components on plan
on plan
on plan
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Lay out the model
Made an attempt to
Minimal construction
Model has 80%
Model has 95%
lay-out the model
components evident in construction components construction components
lay-out of model
evident in lay-out of
evident in lay-out of
model
model
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Construct wall section
Made an attempt to
Minimal number of
80% of the components
95% of the components
construct the wall
components of
of the wall section are
of the wall section are
section
constructed
constructed
the wall section are
constructed
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Accuracy
Made attempt to
50% of the construction 80% of the construction
95% of the construction
include some
components of the wall components of the wall
components of the wall
construction
section are present
section are present
section are present
components for wall
section
20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
Constructed
Made an attempt to
50% neat and accurate 80% neat and accurate
95% neat and accurate
Wall Section
construct wall section
construction of wall
construction of wall
construction of wall
with some
section with 50%
section with 80%
section with 95%
construction
construction
construction components construction components
components present
components present
present
present
(20 Possible Points)
(1-5 points)
(5-10 points)
(10-15 points)
(15-20 points)
A = 75-100 points; B = 50-75 points; C = 25-50 points; D = 5-25 points;
Total Points:
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
12