The Current Status and Challenges of Tuna Culture in Japan
Seiichiro ONO and Yinji LI
Cultured tuna production in the world
１．Production trend in the world
◆Mediterranean sea：decreases in 09
◆Australia：stable
◆Mexico：unstable
◆Japan：increase
kiloton
40
3
3.5
4
38
3.8
4
4
8
8
5
8
8
20
Mediterranean sea
7
22.31
17.35
20.6
20.2
19.5
Spain
6
6
Turkey
3
10
5
1.5
4
8
3
Malta
8
15
18.75
11.2
5
Croatia
2
Italy
1
Tunisia
Source: Suisan Times and Minato Newspaper
2009
2008
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Cultured tuna production in the world
2007
0
0
2006
10
kiloton
8
2005
25
8.5
2.5
Australia
2004
30
3
2.8
Mexico
◆Spain:
p
Retreat
◆Malta and Turkey: Rise
◆Movement of company
2003
35
Japan
２．Mediterranean sea nations
Cultured tuna production in the
Mediterranean sea nations
１
Current Status of tuna culture in Japan
Tuna aquaculture has developed since the latter half of the 1990's, and it’s
still active. This year's production is expected 10,000 tons. The number of
aquaculture company was 68 in 2008 (include individual).
With the increase of the tuna aquaculture companies, the procurement of
j
juvenile
il and
d price
i rise
i off feeds
f d ((raw fi
fishes
h only)
l ) become
b
problems.
bl
Therefore, the mass production
of the artificial seedlings and
ton
10000
the development of the assorted
9000
feed are expected.
8000
7000
year
Number of emergence
company
6000
2005
1
4000
2006
3
2007
9
2008
11
2009
4
Source: marino-forum 21
5000
3000
2000
1000
Cultured tuna production in Japan
Source: Suisan Times and Minato Newspaper
200
09
200
08
200
07
200
06
200
05
200
04
200
03
200
02
200
01
200
00
0
Cultured tuna's production expenditure
The feed expense accounts for 40% of the total cost of products and the
seedling cost (10%) and the operating labor cost follow it (as a case of Kinki
University). The unit price of most fish species for feeds is rising.
The price rise of feed pushes up the produce cost, damaging the profitability
off aquaculture
l
companies.
i
Fix cost
2%
Seedling
Seedling transport cost
5%
Package cost
2%
Fishing ground fee
1%
Oil cost
1%
mackerel
sardine
horse mackerel
yen/kg
110
squid
sand lance
100
90
Rental rate
Rental rate
5%
Shipment cost
7%
80
Other
8%
Feed
41%
70
60
Depreciation cost
8%
Labor cost
9%
50
SSeedlings
dli
11%
40
2002
Expense composition ratio in 2008
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Unit price of feeds
Summary
１．Quantity
１
Quantity supplied：downward trend
◆Mediterranean sea：
19,000tons in 2008 → 10,500-11,000tons in 2009
◆Mexico：1000-1500tons
◆Japan：6,000tons in 2008→8,000-10,000tons in 2009
◆Australia：8,000tons in 2008
2008→8,000-9,000tons
8,000 9,000tons in 2009
２．Price trend ：Lehman's fall !!
Top ends of Japan and Spain：3
Spain：3,000-3,500yen/kg
000-3 500yen/kg
→3,000yen/kg？
Australia and Mexico：2,000-2,500yen/kg→1,500yen/kg？
３．Japanese aquaculture has global competitiveness and a
promising
p
g type
yp of domestically
y business in the medium
and long-term. However, If the rise of the production
expense continues, management turns worse.