UNPUBLISHED TYPESCIPTS Roy S Porter. ‘Billy Budd’. Review of school play. The Wilsonian, July 1962: 17-19. ‘… Billy Budd is a comparatively modern play with an interesting subject posing intriguing problems concerning the characters of men and their ideas of justice. Naturally enough the production of such a play involves materially different problems from the production of a play which is concerned mainly with a central story without any great accent on human problems … A play such as this, involving fierce arguments and heated sentiments depends for its success very much on the quality of the acting … Therefore, at first, it seemed totally damaging for the play when Terry Edwards, who was to play Billy Budd, broke a leg some time before the first performance … However this unfortunate accident served only to heighten the sentiment felt by the audience for the hero and to make the decision of the court a terrible crime … Taking the performance as a whole I found that it left a favourable impression upon me after I had seen it. Perhaps this was due to very efficient production to quite a large extent. In general the acting was good, and the curtain-pulling and scenechanging were excellent, the result of many long hours of rehearsal no doubt … It cannot be denied that the use of a little imagination in the choice of play for a school presentation can have a great effect for good on the enjoyment of it by everybody.’ Roy Porter. ‘Splitting the infinitive’. The Wilsonian, December 1962: 29-30. Extract from an article in Roy’s school magazine. ‘… Dispel that naïve idea that English masters check pupils’ books out of interest for their work; no, under the intense glare of powerful reading-lamps they scrutinise them through strong magnifying glasses for the cruel pleasure they derive from underlining at least five times in the reddest of red inks that ominous gap between the “to” and the unconjugated part of the verb, which some paltry adjective usually fills … Often have I inserted a ‘not’ or some other insignificant word in that sacred space for the sheer devilry of it, knowing full well the gravity of my offence, but always the eagle-eyed Sherlock Holmes has spotted it … History masters are too interested in the political motives to bother about infinitives; Geography teachers prefer to point out, wearily or angrily, that Mississippi has four “s’s”; but English masters never relent …’ Roy Porter. ‘Porter’s characters’. North Wales 1962. Extracts from a book compiled by boys from Wilson’s School who attended a summer camp in North Wales, July/August 1962. ‘… Gordon Thorne: Gordon is a born worrier both at school and also – even more so – at camp. I will not go into details but after a fortnight of sharing a tent with him I became so infected by his ways that I even started to take imaginary cockroaches out of my sleepingbag. Messrs Horn, Prentice and Burbridge: Mr Horn is one of those infuriating people who don’t call bits of string, bits of string. They are ‘painters’ while he’s around. But don’t call Mr Prentice’s bits of string ‘painters’. They are ‘lines’. In Mr Burbridge’s presence, on the other hand, ‘lines’ are ‘guy ropes’. All very perplexing! Still, keep smart, chaps, while he’s around and don’t be ‘slack’ guys … Mr Sollis: A worried man. He spent most of his time on the holiday with seven figure logtables trying to get an extra mile per gallon, first out of his car and then out of his pony.’ Roy Porter. ‘A sudden slip!. North Wales, 1962. ‘”Group Three will tidy up the wet-pit”. Hooray, the easiest job in camp! … Thus I bent to pick up the greasy ferns of yesterday, thinking of more important things – … the view from the top of Cader, the canoeing we would be doing in a few days, Sunday’s excursion into Barmouth, cream doughnuts, … when to my horror I found that the foot I had so firmly 234 planted on a stable slate was not firmly planted … Feeling rather like the fisherman in Poe’s story of the Maelstrom, I awaited the inevitable, a fate worse than death in the clutches of the two feet six of water containing all the dirt that had come off forty dirty bodies this morning and all the grease and lumps of porage [sic] from eight breakfast plates … Friends approached me and whispered things about Lifeboy [sic] Toilet Soap in my ear. From henceforth, I was not able to raise my head high in the highest circles of camp life: the Scrabblers Club and Tent Six all-in wrestlers. However, I had the last laugh: as recompense for the enormous amount of fun I had inadvertently given them, my group relieved me of all duties concerning the wet-pit from then on.’ Roy Porter. ‘Rosy’s diary’. North Wales, 1962. Roy’s nickname at school was ‘Rosey’ – from his names, “Roy Sidney”. ‘…Thursday, July 19th Base camp duties for the first time: A bathful of muddy, odd-shaped greenish potatoes to peel, half a sackful of carrots to cut up and a hundred and one other things including the fetching of the milk, the clearing of the litter and the running of errands. Still, by working hard, we were able to gain a free afternoon to recover from the exertions of the previous days and to explore the grand old tourist attraction of a two-storey six house village called Arthog. That night we enjoyed what was by far the most enjoyable meal that we had tasted up to then. I wonder why? … … Sunday, July 22nd … On a dull day, camp life can be depressing, but even camp has got nothing on a Welsh holiday resort on a Sunday. We wandered glumly from the amusement arcade where “The Playing of ye Olde Juke Box on Sundays is strictly forbidden” to the rows of closed shops, and when the rain started to fall again, we soon had our return twopenceworth over the toll bridge and came home … … Wednesday, July 25th We polluted the stream with our dirt and soapy lather and then stewed up some porridge. Then, after washing up, a stiff fifteen minutes walk brought us to the rock face we were about to ascend. At last it came to my turn, and, spurred on more by a large hornet which was pestering us than by anything else, I started the longish climb. Half way up I came to the conclusion that I could not go up any further, nor could I descend, and so, after a while, I was gently lowered down to the bottom by Mr Prentice … … Thursday, July 26th For the first hour of our only whole day pony trek, my faithful friend barely raised a swift walk. However, it did not reckon with the fact that I had studied horse psychology. You see, I told him in plain horse language that the faster he went, the sooner we’d get to wherever we were going and the sooner he’d have my weight off his back. He had horse sense, and it worked a charm – only too well at first because the intelligent critter thought it better to have all my weight off at once …’ Roy Porter. ‘Photography project group’. North Wales 1963: 7-8. Extracts from a book compiled by boys from Wilson’s School who attended a summer camp in North Wales, July/August 1963. ‘...If you intend your stay at camp to be a holiday, never never even think of contemplating the possibility of suggesting, however tentatively, history, even at third choice, or it’s ten to one you’ll find yourself peering around in the pouring rain up to your eyes in a bog miles off any track even of the beaten variety for a non-existent Roman camp (which probably looks 235 just like ours anyway) ... No, join the photography group, and you can laze around with a clear conscience! If you are approached by an irate master who wonders why the hell you’re the only person on the camp not working, you can sweetly answer that you’re waiting for that surprise candid shot to come about (eg. someone’s trousers to be flown at half mast) or that the weather conditions are not suitable (too sunny, clear, dull, hazy, wet, bright or any permutation at 2d per line) or even, if you are feeling insolent, that you’ve run out of film ... enlargements provide the photographer with an excuse for shutting himself up during the holidays in that impregnable bastion, the unassailable castle of chaos and stinks, the darkroom wherein the experienced worker (grade I diploma) can be safe from unwelcome friends and relatives until the ravages of hunger drive him out. There, if nowhere else, he can listen to Mrs Dale’s Diary in peace.’ ‘Rose’ Porter. ‘The unexploded?’ North Wales 1963: 26. ‘Date: Sunday 28th July [1963]: Project Day. Scene: The rough ground near Mr Burbridge’s tent. Up pops the head of one of the more junior members of the Biology project group, hunting for specimens among the bracken. “Look what I’ve found”, he exclaims and holds high in the air the object of his attentions. It is a roughly circular object, a few inches in diameter, red in colour, heavy, with a slight ridge running round its entire circumference. He calls in Mr Prentice to examine the specimen. He confers with Mr Edwards and comes to the conclusion that the thing is a rare, dense variety of beetroot, “beetus, rootus, rarus densus”...’ ‘Rose’ Porter. ‘Mr Sollis: Procrastination is his one redeeming virtue’. North Wales 1963: 55-57. ‘ … Monday, July 15th, date of departure for the advance party to Wales. The four members whereof who were to travel by train (for the purpose of transporting four monstrous hampers containing dozens of tents, hundreds of billies, two pairs of wellies and one butterfuly net on the cheap as “personal luggage” and about the same number of huge boxes of the thickest and heaviest boxes that Bob Moy (bless him) could find, were to meet at the school at nine … for the 11.10 train from Paddington. They were all there at that fateful hour, of course, but mirabile dictum and surprise of surprises, there was no sign of need-I-say whom. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, half past, ah! Is this a blue utilabrake thundering down Wilson Road? The occupant emergeth, brushes aside all protestations and strides Common Roomwards. Another half hour passes – there is still just enough time if we pack luggage and crates inside immediately and tear off at half the speed of light – and then Mr Sollis condescends to reappear after, presumably in character, having given 3A a round of circuit training, marking all the first form end of term exam papers, filling in the Jephson set II register for the last three months, writing 95 reports, reading the Times Educational Supplement and setting 2A’s homework. 10.5 am, we beg him to load up immediately and drive like a maniac (no comment!). “Load up?” quoth he, “You (!) haven’t packed the hampers yet, boys!” …’ ‘Rose’ Porter. ‘Group II expedition’. North Wales 1963: 83-84. ‘Though I had not exactly seen myself quite in the role of a latter day Moses (I’m sure Moses had someone to carry his pack for him), leading my people, well, the rabble of Group II from the land of domination, Fegla Fach, unto a country flowing with milk and honey, which most certainly is not North Wales … Dawn and camp broke, with the leader resolved not to be led astray by farmers’ wives again. Unfortunately the road which we took from the farm wound almost on top of itself up a mountain. At last we came across a couple of workers who hastily put their cards away on our approach. They informed us in pidgin English that the road led to a slate quarry and that blasting was in progress. After considerable wandering, we found ourselves in the middle of a forestry commission plantation. Dejected, I explained to my men the position: “We’ve got to meet Mr Sollis at the Cross Foxes pub …” Well, I’ve never seen that group move so fast. One sniff, and they were off over the hills, through 236 dales, across forests, following their noses and imaginations. The destination was reached in good time (ie. well before it shut) and thus we ended our expedition, happy (if a little footsore).’ ‘Rose’ Porter. ‘Imagination after seeing a party canoeing at night’. North Wales 1963: 96. ‘In vales of West Wales, hard by mist-becapp’d hills, Under Cader’s cloud shrouded height Near Barmouth, Abermawddach, with treacherous tides. When the moon half obscured, the deep valley fills With her sharp, yet indefinite light A canoe silently glides …’ Roy S Porter. ‘Ode on a Welsh nut’. The Wilsonian, December 1963: 59. ‘How I’m glad I am a coalman now that winter’s here, When householders want tons of fuel, and coal is dear, When smokeless fuel’s in great demand And coke is needed all through the land To warm the buyer’s frozen hand And melt his beer. As I deliver each short weight sack Of wet and dirty slate and slack To householders, who, on their knees Bid for it, à la Southeby’s I pray for months and months of freeze And bless the day the snow came back.’ Rosey Porter. ‘The element of danger’. North Wales 1964: 7-9. ‘Many people believe that some element or risk of danger is necessarily and automatically connected with the sense of physical exhilaration ... it is clearly more exhilarating to travel at 80 m.p.h. on a motorbike on the Kingston By-pass than at the same speed on a train, largely because, I believe, there is considerably more personal danger involved in the former. And although the excitement to be derived from activities undertaken at camp is on a somewhat different plane from the living-for-kicks attitude of the ‘ton-up boys’, nevertheless, that excitement is largely derived from the risks inherent in those activities and is, to a certain extent, directly proportional to the magnitude of those risks. The twin facts must be faced by all that the activities on a camp such as ours do involve a certain degree of risk or danger, and that, if that element of risk or danger were not present, those activities would lose almost all their appeal … Furthermore, I would say that most people at most times on the camp do respond to the various little risks and challenges in the same way – do succeed in overcoming them – viz. Jason Abdelnoor took forty-five minutes to conquer a rock face that others had climbed in two, but he did conquer it; I have completely cured myself of the fear of heights I had before I first went mountain walking – and do feel the exhilaration and pride in their conquests. And although this pride soon wears off and is not the sort of thing to boast about in the company of others who have probably attained the same achievement only in better fashion, nevertheless I am sure that this sense of achievement at having overcome some risk, however small, at having done something you had never done before, and of having received your physical, mental and spiritual reward for doing so, is just what makes camp so much more worthwhile than a normal holiday. 237 Rosey Porter. ‘Say no to nationalization of the mag’. North Wales 1964: 14-15. Nationalization would mean (1) An increased burden to the taxpayer. Last year the Wales mag made a deficit of £2:10s. This would mean that if this burden were shared equally by all taxpayers, an increase in your taxes of ___360___ x 52d would result, or approximately one five millionth of a penny per 20,000,000 week – not per year, you will notice. At that rate, your property would soon disappear. Moreover, the Wales mag capital assets would have to be paid for. These are: Bob Moy’s printing machine Bob Moy Dart board Mick Pike’s nose insured for 4 sq yards of hardboard bought in mistake for cardboard 3 reams of used paper Beer money … … … … Not so grand total … … … … £. 17 20,000: 1 s. 7: 8: 8: 0: d. 6 2 10 0 3: 9 7_ 5 _ __________________ £20,019: 9: 3_d Rosey Porter. ‘To protect the innocents the names have been changed of …’ North Wales 1964: 95-97. 1. The world’s worst mountain walking instructor. ‘Right now; are we all here or wherever we are? Jefferies, get out of that bog – you’ll get your balaclava muddy. Farrell, go and pull Jefferies out of that bog. Mind ... Swinson, go and pull Farrell – oh, better not – got to have at least two left to carry Wray down the mountain side. By the way, have you found his other leg yet, Neale? Now, where’s my compass? Ah, here it is. What’s that about it being the wrong sort of compass? Mr Holman and Mr Massey always use this sort. Oh well, I’ll borrow yours, Sheen. I lost it sounding the depth of that crevasse, did I? Oh yes, well it was better than losing one of you down it. Well, I’ll borrow Well’s compass. Oh, we lost him down the crevasse, did we? Neale, you’re a sensible sort of chap – perhaps you could show us the way. Neale. Neale? NEALE! Do any of you know the distress signal? Ten seconds of Radio Caroline every minute, isn’t it? Hullo, here’s a chap with a beard coming along – I’ll ask him. Excuse me, my good man, could you show me the way to the main marquee?’ (Also includes the world’s worst pony trekking instructor; the world’s worst canoeing instructor; the world’s worst rock climbing expert.) Rosey Porter. ‘Through the eyes of Rosey Porter’. North Wales 1964: 103-104. ‘It was all Bob Moy’s fault, really. You see he was reading his celebrated poem about jellyfish in the literary project tent (if you see what I mean) when Timmy overheard. Being so taken up with the spirit of the poem – “But the silent menace of these slow-drifting jellyfish – Translucent, tentacled, slowly pulsating” his imagination was fired. Hence with a new spirit of enquiry, he took great interest in the long brown worm which had its head wound round a little tree that was growing out of the ground and its tail holding up the pole of the main marquee. Hence he began to eat it – all thirty feet of it (you can see him forcing in the last bit in the photo on the back page). Now at the same time, Mr Prentice was worried because his car would not go. This strange occurrence was due to the mysterious disappearance of the parts of its engine. Mr Prentice fortunately saw what had happened to Timmy, and using bread pud as an emetic, the truth 238 came out. Mr Dobson (in photo) said that it reminded him of a tape-worm, but Mr Prentice, the distinguished guynacologist said that this was only because tape looked like rope. Fortunately, along with the truth and the rope came the missing parts of Mr Prentice’s car … Rosey Porter. ‘For I’m off to expedition with my primus on my knee’. North Wales 1964: 125-131. ‘… on the next day, fine but rather misty, we decided to climb the Carneddau, as an easy warming up before tackling the harder Glyders. Now the Carneddau are about as high as anything else in the district, rising to 3485 feet, but their slopes are mainly gentle and grassy and once you’re on top of the ridge you can walk for miles without losing or gaining much height. And you have to walk miles to cover the main peaks which makes ‘doing the Carneddau’ a long, tiring but not difficult day out. Well, we walked steadily uphill for about one and a half hours, without being able to see much in front of us except a prolongation of the grassy slope and the indistinct peak of Carnedd Llywalyn away to our left in front, separated from us by a deep valley immediately to our left. Then suddenly we topped the brow, and the view thrilled, and at the same time not a little scared us, all the more impressive for its suddenness. Now fear, particularly fear of heights, is an illogical thing. I have always been afraid of heights, but have managed to conquer this fear more or less in the last few years. Going up a normal mountain is alright, because then you can see the view becoming more magnificent (and hence awe-inspiring) and the distance below you increasing. But here it was different. Having suddenly emerged from a position from where there was no view to one where a rugged prospect greeted us, for a moment I stood wondering and rather taken aback – illogically so because there was no element of danger from where I was standing. The view remains more vivid in my memory than any other, more because of its suddenness than because it was the most magnificent I had seen. We were standing on a small peak on one side of a long, fairly narrow valley and Carnedd Llywelyn rose high immediately opposite on the other side. To our left, along the valley, many hundreds of feet below, lay a sparkling deep blue lake. To our right we could see a similar lake, surrounded by crags and some old quarries. Immediately ahead, between where we stood and Carnedd Llywelyn was a natural causeway, spanning the valley, itself hundreds of feet high but only a few feet wide. It is a sight I shall always remember …’ Rosey Porter. ‘Exclusive!! Sensational!! Scandalous revelations about what goes on on the advance party, by the man they need not gag’. North Wales 1964: 139-142. ‘…first, may I take it upon myself to congratulate Mr Sollis on not organizing it quite so badly as last year. By a rare stroke of luck, he got us to the station on time (in other words, we went by bus) and it is just conceivable that it wasn’t his fault that twenty tents were delivered to the camp site without any poles (though it sounds suspiciously like the sort of thing only he or one close to him could perpetrate). Anyway, who’s moaning? You can keep a jolly site drier with twenty tents than twenty poles. Be that as it may, most of the members of the party did reach Fegla Fach in good time and we started to put up somewhere to sleep and to cook something to eat before the rain started. Not that it particularly looked like rain, but it is Prentice’s Law that it always rains before your tents are up, despite Dobson’s Theory that it never rains in Wales. You’ll notice that I said most people arrived in good time. You see, one thing was perplexing us, the fact that Mr Prentice had not arrived, though this did give us 22_ baked beans extra each. Now, Mr Prentice is always late, not for psychological reasons, as is the case with Mr Sollis, but for physical causes, or rather one physical, concrete string and rubber-band cause – his car. Printing costs prevent me from describing what had happened to it on previous camps – suffice it to say that in living memory it never has worked properly and in all probability never will, and also that Stewart and Arden opened another three branches on the proceeds. (By the way, I have got a good lawyer, if that Cicero fellow hasn’t retired yet)…’ 239 Rosey Porter. ‘A guide to the guides’. Westmorland 1965: 15-16. ‘It was the eighteenth century that the Lake District first became a popular resort of fashionable society, being visited by, among others, Doctor Johnson, Gray the poet, Mrs Radcliffe the authoress and Jane Austen, all of whom left behind them descriptions and reminiscences of the area. The eighteenth century on the whole was rather overawed by, and disapproved of mountains (once called by Doctor Johnson ‘unnecessary protuberances’) preferring the wildness of Nature to be tempered by man’s Art, and a cult of the picturesque grew up, in which those parts of Nature were most appreciated which corresponded to man’s idea of balance, proportion and landscape painting. Therefore if it is remembered that most of these writers never actually climbed the mountains, it is not surprising that much writing of the period about the Lake District was wildly inaccurate, exaggerated and ‘Romantic’. Mountains were always ‘sheer, jagged, sublime’, irrespective of their actual features, and eighteenth century prints also bear little relation to reality …’ Roy Porter. ‘A drive through the Lake District’. Westmorland 1965: 36-38. ‘…Reluctantly we turned our back on the Langdales, and with frequent backward glances made our way to the foot of the Wrynose Pass, and thence up that winding road. We were now in a different world. Instead of sharp, craggy peaks we had huge rolling moors for company; spacious, dark green, succeeding each other as far as the eye could see; Ulpha Fell on the right, the massive Wetherlam on the left, and Harter Fell as yet invisible in front. We descended the Wrynose into the Duddon Valley, a wide, rocky, none too fertile valley separating these fells, with the apparent wall of the Wardknott Pass ahead, which we ascended with a little coaxing. And a completely different vista appeared; before us green and pleasant Eskdale, looking like a place where one could live rather than merely exist; in the distance the sea, with the sun glinting on it, and farther still, the mauve mountains of the Isle of Man. But to the right a harsher note, our first sight of the Scafell Group; Scafell on the left, with its precipitous east side leading straight down to Mickledore, Scafell Pikes next to it, highest mountain in the country; Broad Crag, Great End, and the conical Bowfell, all appearing a hazy grey, lifeless, gaunt, foreboding, amid a wealth of colour around us. We worked our way west, down Eskdale, turning north-east for the final part of our journey up Wansdale. Tantalizingly we travelled a couple of miles up the lower valley, separated from the longed-for view by a small ridge and a wood, then suddenly, over the top, and we had before us the most thrilling scene in the district. Seeing this we knew why we had come; it was as simple as that. The whole length of Wastwater lay before us, calm, dark blue, its edges black, reflecting the myriad colours of the Screes to our right which fall two thousand feet precipitously straight into the lake; on the left the hump of Yewbarrow; further down on the right, grassy Lingmell framed between the two; the pyramid of Gable, bare, rocky, the Napes Ridges outlined by cumulous…’ Rosey Porter. ‘Cooking by primus or a mess of porridge’. Westmorland 1965: 50-52. ‘(1) Ascertain whereabouts of nearest phone box and first aid kit. (2) Take primus tin (You’ve probably forgotten to bring this along but, never mind, pilfer your Group Leader’s while he’s apologizing to the farmer – Group Leaders are always apologizing to the farmer). (3) Try to open lid. (4) Fail. (5) Prize off lid with ‘Lifter’ from billy-set (if you’re camping on high ground these are known as ‘hill-billies’). 240 (6) Wipe blood from nose, emit suitable multi purpose mono-syllabic Anglo-Saxon expletive (e.g. Cripes) whereupon the Lord hurls down a thunderbolt and rather heavier rain, search for bits of primus on the grass and withdraw bent ‘lifter’ from new hole in tent. Surreptitiously exchange your bent ‘lifter’ for group Leader’s who is now searching for lost members of group) only to find that some-one has beaten you to it…’ Roy Porter. ‘The Brighton crawl’. The Wilsonian, December 1965: 45. ‘This year again the School staged a veteran sixth-form race to Brighton, the School Prefects being challenged by the rest of the sixth-form. Unfortunately – at the tryst (Greyhound, Streatham) only three people turned up, Michael Pike, Jim Winterhalder and myself … We took our first rest at Redhill at midnight where Jim ate some sandwiches and changed his socks, or ate some socks and changed his sandwiches. At this point he found that he had developed blisters on top of the blisters he had already developed on top of etc., and so he dropped out … Michael and I strode on till we reached a transport café just before Crawley … We hastened on through Crawley (twice) and as dawn broke the South Downs came into sight. Cowering at their massive height we stopped for breakfast. Here my chances of a great victory were sabotaged (I suspect) for I accepted a doped sandwich from Michael. We walked on until at about nine o’clock we came to a café … As soon as I had had a cup of tea the dope had its effect and drowsiness came on, forcing me to retire just within sight of attaining the coveted goal. Hence Michael the intriguer battled on alone and claims he reached Brighton at about one o’clock (seventeen and a half hours in all). Of course nobody actually saw him …’ Roy Porter. ‘Sir Hans Sloane and the founding of the British Museum’. Lecture to the Victorian Society (dated by Professor Martin Rudwick), February 1971. Roy Porter. Untitled paper on eighteenth century anthropology, annotated by Professor Martin Rudwick as given to Jack Plumb’s seminar, 26 February 1971. Roy Porter. ‘Art and science in the Scottish Enlightenment’. Paper given at a conference in Edinburgh, July 1971 (annotated by Professor Martin Rudwick). Roy Porter. ‘The history of science: subject or specialism?’ Paper annotated by Professor Martin Rudwick as given at Warburg seminar, November 1972. Roy Porter. ‘Whatever is the Enlightenment?’ Seminar paper, undated. Roy Porter. ‘The independence of theory in eighteenth century geology.’ Seminar paper, undated. Roy Porter. ‘Cambridge sinks: the great clean-up’. Typescript dated 28 August 1978 on the ‘cleansing and polishing’ of Cambridge, largely through the expanded admission of women students in 1972 with the undergraduate colleges becoming residential. Roy Porter. ‘Alternative environments’. Paper dated by Roy, 11 September 1978 and (thinks Professor Martin Rudwick) given at his seminar, 15 September 1978. 241 Roy Porter. ‘Sedgwick Club Centenary’. Paper given to the Sedgwick Club, Cambridge, on the centenary of its foundation, 13 March 1880. Roy Porter. ‘The founding of the Linnean Society’. Paper given to the Linnean Society early in 1988 (near the centenary of its foundation, 26 February 1788). See also Roy Porter. ‘The new taste for nature in the eighteenth century’. The Linnean 1988; 4: 14-30. Roy Porter. ‘A social history of London: A proposal’. Book proposal, undated. Roy Porter. ‘In defence of history’. Paper dated 15 September 1997, prepared for a review of Richard Evans’ book, In defence of history, which Roy gave on the following radio programme: Book of the month BBC recording broadcast Radio 3, 23 September 1997. National Sound Archive ref H9260/2 Contents: ‘The last few years have seen a crisis in the professional study of history as cultural theory undermined its traditional goals’. Roy Porter reviews Richard John Evans (1947-) book, In defence of history, and taking up Evans’ argument, he reflects on his own ideas of history. Roy Porter. ‘Notre Dame’. Paper on the spread of the English Enlightenment through religion, dated 20 March 1998 and given at a lecture at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, on 1 April 1998. Roy Porter. Typescript dated 15 December 1999 of speech given at the last Christmas party of the Wellcome Institute and its Academic Unit. 242