Special Report
,.((y
j'
1:\
NOTES
qu W/\.SI:tlHGTON
VASIUNGTON;rR!P
TRIPCONCERNING
CONCE?NINGSffFiL!JT.
SIFISH
NOTE&' Oil
·J$HRESOUECES
RESOURCES OP
OF TEAT
THAT STATZ
ST./I.Tll.~
PtirPo-'
andd aeope
scope
;
or
of
t.£1p\
tript
It
*as strongly
It was
stpongly belived
bel1ved that
that much
much benefit
benetit
in program
program pltti1n:l.ng
planning and
andotl.l'I'y'ing.
caring out
1rt
out of
of investigations
1nvest:l.g~'lilP~. could
oould be derived
derl".d
thls lab.
It 1lIOIIlber
01 its
it• •staff
taft taking ag.etl$t41
by this
lab by a
member of
a general survey t1'1p
trip of the
the
shellfish
resources of
sritish Cotuxcbla
ah&ll:tish 1'1!I$ouro••
at Washinfl
WUhington and Britlah
O():l.UDb"~" and
and the
the biotog.*
b1010&..
fl
turned out WalIh..
WashieAl. as
progfttd lnvotvod,
involvtltl./UJ it tumed
tail,
as well
wcfl lUI
as nt$I1ageriAl,
managerial, prog&sme
1ngton
the only
only state
8 tate visited,1
vt.<.U-a.
ington .was
was the
Time
Peria& Cov.~d
Govared Dur\nfl
DmWiJ%g81.U"t!)':t
Sunefl Actually
period involved
T1tlIererl<)d
kOtu.$lly the
the time
t~p(l:iod
~volftd
wad
the,vening
~ to
tonQOD
of Septevter
Sept$!llb!/J'p l,
4, 1952.
1~Z!
was from the
evening of A1J6U$t
August 29
no
at
The
it
H tflp
1:1'1phad
hadoriginally
o:r1g:t.nallybeen
beenp:l.~t1d
planned tototncti4s
tnol~tisne
t1!lil.e1n
B~ti.ha'01t11\1bu.
Coluubia
in British
.
.
Dr Di
in
charge or.~lfiMUrl.n
of an shellfish in'l'ellti"
but as
a. Dr"
D., B,
B.. 4u*fle,
QuAyle. currently
OUM*e1lt17
tn. oharge
.
.
E.IM1I,'1
gatlons for
tor British.
BrlLtillh Columbla,
thW trip
t:e-1p did notmatergatiens
Coltitta, ·W'Mord.led
g
called away this
not materH
-t
..:
ialize.
iAlize"
Tideland area adjacent to the Waah1116ton
Washington
teas flsiteai
?tea.
Villi'll''''-I August
A;upt 3Ot
30. Tidelendana
state
State Shellfish Laboratory
flØ5)
rells), Washlngton
Washington,.
(tUg Harbor
Barber addatP~rd1
at purd (Gig
.
Island near
Sept.
Iicbout Banish
Sa"l'l1ah+aland
near TharllngBurlingSept0 ,<t'Tld(1lana.
Ii Tidelands *bout
~:ir~~~=Jt~~::~~'1dQ;ibert'1 .~.North
tori, Washthgton.
Bay & North Bar_
Bay,
Sept, 2; PsuIsbo Bay, Liberty Bay
September 3; Oyster I&y
,lersonnel Contfl.ctadPur!aS.T1:'!21.
?ereonnel Contacted Duria
.
trLpi
..
..
Cedric Lindsay, bioloflet 1n
it ob&rgeot
charge of shell,£1ah~
shellfish n.
OlJd:Z'iI>!l1pda9.biolog1llt
..
•••:ron
searoh
1n
in W8.flhil$Btd),;
Washi4gta
CharlesWoe.t'Fo~J'1.y
Woez ?onsb*y with
Clha.~lelll
",ith Oz'eon
01'e('jon
FLit C0tlll!1111d~
Cominiat
FiSh
pr1llllMtl;r in chaze
cha~.ot
of oyster
O'1Stet'lh'U:3,
drill control
oontrolwos4t
work
but prsdentZ
tor Wa$hifigtOl:1li;
for
Washington
Jo
.roW
tm.
tore, biologist
bf.?logist working
world-ng ai
<:111. drill
d:t'ill control.
oontrol.
gerald Wflceta, b10l,ogil'lt
biologist working on
garold!{iklltsa.
on native
nat1n oyster netta
Mtt..
mg
lug prllllUCtion.
prediction
LH..
...
Mr. Lindoy
lEU:l:ll, with
with their
~.lr time
thu
Lit day and Mr.
Mr. Woelke
woelke weN
wnre VO'1!7
vary len
lzient
)
'II"'.
an
it was
wan 'through
through tbe:tt"
their .nort.
eftorts that th.
the 'IIt:rip
rip we a success.
and it
lUOoeaa.
,
General Infonnation
ilmeJ"ll.1
Xnt'OX'Mt1.on Gathered:
GlII,theNd,
,
,I
t 1IlU8t
unt1ecrltook that
that the
the prinary
p~lmat"J shellfish
ahell:filh resource
M8oUl'C"
it
must :fl:N1tbe
Lint be understook
of WUh!ngton
Washington is
or
1s the oyater.
018te1'.
,
This involves
the Japanese
'1'btlll
mvolvell firstly
ftrllltlT1'1he
Japaneu oyster
OY8ter
,
s..
stea,
or
Pacific oyater,
oyster, OU1'ea
Qstrea gin, end
01' PacifIc
and secondly
•• oondlT the
the native
t:latl~ oyster,
O1'_ter. S.
;tu!14.
A'
holdS property
property Ht,A••
tli1,aoout
25~' of
or the
the
ta the
the atate
state of
of Waahlngton
Wehth8ton holds
titles to
about 25%
state it
it oan
osa be
be .ean
seen Why
why the
the .tate
state ahould
ehould put
put t'Qrtpoonaiderable
forth considerable .f'to~
effort
aN...
'the
polleY otthe
. $h.at4te
luuI 'bt.n
to
The poitcyof
st.ate.has
been to
th•• e areas,
to .rteotively
effectively manage
Snags these
llease
.... e ground.
..e:lt"f'50l'4$
or the
th• •
1:latlil
ground to
to those
those 19'd\(e1'a"howant
growers who want to
to bteas
it, Sees of
state
Qllnea ground is
lain
a):'e'a. what's
wh4!lX'8 nattU"a1
owned
in areas
natural _MdinS
seeding (IlP.lngand
(spawning and .fltting)
netting) of
the Japenlls.
Japanese oyster
OYlltet' taken
takes place4
P1l\C~
Whlm~'
hAve reach:reachWhen
e*'opSot~,$"tt'a,y'lJt~
of these otsfl hatS
ed
marketable size the
auctions
tn the particular
)
..,1 marketab1.alle
the state
flt-.t...
~t1lm. the
thif oysters
etratert!!c:li1'liM
ptu"ttculuoareaja
a~ab"
by
bids~ornthe
front the
various
gnters.
statenlWIt
zut tlt'St
tint knOW'
b7 recjueitlng
X'lIIqu••ting bid.
va:l:"loUll
~.~
'l'homo~l't;a.te
ae
-.t
or
he
tt bushetags
of oysters
expected to be taken
and
ii
bushel~
QYIIhr8aight
mightbeb$apGetedto
taken,off
ofr, en
au area
area "and
'\
thi8
tot' this
thlsptl.l'pOlle.,
them .CIU1
this entaU.
entails 1I'tU"ft)1'.
surveys hy
by ,the 1:)!olog1st.
biologists for
purpoRt, We then
can
pleat one
te geMl'al
genenl part
the Washington Shlill1titthPt-ogr.a.
ShellfiSh Program as
plaClJ
pot ci'
of theW.ahix1gtou
:£~
Can
oyster beds
care of
gt the
tb,liI.stste4wued
Ilt.. h~edU.t~J:''t)
.• d••
flrvteewQrk
t)ie
oystn industry
induflrr
tteØwQrkto
eie
OTHLtfl
'eli"de!!
w9l'k to
to'bb,;2l.'be~
indudn is
is another
..nothfil:r large
lal'g$ part
paf't at
or
the
tMShfIIlltlllh
Shellfish Program,
Prog2'8m...Under
tinder thiS
this i.
is aa major
major prOblem
pnthlat of
problat
ot ${Iltflr
ster drill
ctro2, theThe
rnal.n
causing damage
Japan.
Cl99tt'<!},.
Wl.1n oyster
0'18te1" drill
driUCllu.1ba
damage is
t. the
the introduced
il1tror,luced Japan..
4se
oyster drill.
drill,'1'rUanal\aJ"Pop\Q§.
Tritonalta tyonct, .a. .snail.
Uran2nnx oinez'eus,
, •• Oyat81"
nal1,tt:t'O.~RN
Q1mt:re~" the
east
coast o7flterd:riU
oyster drill
flfla
flfls
.Uosa the
native drill,
also
e..
t eo.at
and.aS!
'Phd.
~
the.l:1at'ln
driU,. are
ueal"o
present
do not
not Q.fI.UMI
cause the
the dlltl'18.8li1
daniae that
damage
that the
the JaPan".
Japanese drll1
di1i doss,
dose,
p!14!Jaent but do
dOOI"
The
'1'bt
drl11(anaU)
dflhj(snait) aotuall)1"
actually drill...
drills a ho1&
bole 1n
in the
th.01$ter.ll;.:t.l~d
oyster shell and then
the~ reed.
feeds
upon the .Qft
sort 'bodrr
body parts
being killed
i the process,
1*'
uPontbe
p!I;:l,'tlJ the
the oyster
o~t.rh'Eling
kU1edllithe
p%'QO"e••• "~
.
..
.
,
.
upi the
pending uPon
the size
UP at
of the
the population
Popul~t1on (s)
(II) or
~111tl in
in an
m area
ar...S.,eórr..
<l'O~
t drills
._amt,ing
ll.1lIount of
of '~1.
dqne.
Sflid.lng atount
damage is dons,
:rn
Xn
.~(mt
orster taztere
t'amel'S hate
ha~
sane Ultll..
area oyster
beast
foroed outot
out at 'busine...
business byt;hi*
by this peat.
pest,
be. toro$d
etr~tl_ meall'UriiJ
An effective
measure of
& con-
trot of the dtifl is needed,
)
this progrea involves;
stats oontrol of the movtx
1.
tested. area
.;rea to a nonadrill
non...dr>il1 infested
inteated area,
a;rea.
tested
of oysters from
a drill in-
In
o,.ste:r farmer
tam.r !&'WIt
An oyster
must first
obtain
penn.iss ion
fran
the
stat.
transportan"
anyoysters.
oysters,t'1/~/4~p
X%/$WøX4
obtas.n parmiadon
trQll.
the
.t&te
tototrm.port
('#~~~##I;.pl·
..
.
A
biologist from
fran the
the atate
state of
of WalllhUlgt()X1
Washtnton saab
r,..
A blologilJt
each year
" ...1' is
18
2,
lumt
. being
f'orllhlF4ent
to
sent to Jap4lnto
Japan to In/Ipeet
1nspect ~
the ...d
seed a~
as it
it iis
being .'1.)~
bend for
nhipnent to
the
tbs W
Went
•• t Coast
Cout
to 1I1aurc
insiue ()l.an
clean .ee~
seed. ,
. to:
.
h
3,
'
.
'
Csmical
and other
actually killing oX'
or :f.nh1blt1rJ.g
thMbtting
Ch_oa1and
other moans
melAWI of
of aotual1;ykt-U1ng
the reproduction
spreading of
reproduetlon or
OX' othesitse
otluu~Wl'.ltp1'Old.1ng
of' the
tblIl· driSi,
<1ttll,.
Aotula
...
Actual
a,
flttfl poisoning
the drill
..
l'U'"
¢lj!on!ng of
of'.tibe
d1"111 although
Il1though no prtetioal
pl'fl;ottolll
poison has
polson
haa been
been fotztd
found to date,
da~. . New poisons
polllldM are
IU"$ being
b.e4l'lS tr,tód
bl.d eont1l1uaU:y"
oont1ntafly . .
'0"
Stanhg
the
ing
st&r'tfng
th.drill
d;riUout
outofofananares
vaabyQynot
notplant
planting
tit
th
badly infested
f or ft.peT'10d
a period of
hadl"
1I1f.lt~ed areas
areaafoT'
ot yetre,
'18aN.··
4.. Life
Lite history
history studies
studI•• of
ot the
the drill
dl"111 to
to.tie
tie in
111 with
with control.
oont'.l'04
1..
Probably
most .tteOU'I'flI
effective mean.
means of 4ontrollinK
controlling the drill toProbabl" the 1I10l!1t
to'"
da,.
Is for
day is
for the
the growers
growers to
to oont1l1u.1l7pl0jl;
continually pick up thlilc1rills
the drills by
by h~d
band ott
oft tM
the
0'18t$1"
bed..
cystir beds,
'.!'hI.
:tJJO!o
ii keep.
Icespethe
the populatl1QQ
pcpulaticn down
down and
and flhereby'
thereby the
the damag...
damage also,
8e",1.oe
alao!noludell
i)7ater groundll
Service work
work also
includes proteotlonot
protection of ~th.
the oyster
grounds
frau
types Qf:.polutiofl,
orpolutlon.,
tr<:ct various
varl<I'Uatypes.
hrlutps still
stUl undfi\r
se:rvloe to the1ndufltryoatesol'1
Perhaps
under the service
the industry oatogofl oan
Can.
te classed
o$j for both_
both the native
yrsdictjon lf0rlEtO%>
~e
olused the qyste
Wilt.!: .fltt 2~fj)t1QQ
rt&ti'Y8~ end
and the
thf
:.
Japen••• oyster,
i)7!1ter",
Japanese
~
.
.
"
This intolves
In'toJ.Y&1I ..
cOl'ut1derable .!iCll.OUnt
of time,
t1me.
a considerable
etount of
BUtl1Jtttna
Suflstinn
are w1'ltten
stitten 111
in v~kJ.Y
Weekly 1nte1"'ta.l1l
intervals dUX'lng
during thfl
the OX'lt;:t(ll'Ool'e:r'ied
oritidal period 1ntOi!'lt1n!
thfoning
the Industry
ind'Ulltl"1end
and 1I1t$NllooCtpax'i/le.
interested parties or
of thti!1r
their Chane.a.
chances of Qollect'.!ngr:if_.
ooflect4ng qyje
.
I
,
ter#M
set
to do it,
te1" ';~/J~
••tand
andwhen
'W'bentocio
it.
,I.
I.
Another llUlJOl"
major heading
heading of
of lJheUtiJth
shellfishW011(_
workininWUh1ngton~1ltV!)t~e.
Washington innlns
Another
*0
study
lti..tu<ty
of the varloUlJ.peo1el
various epeoies of
ot clams,
01_..
these,
Ttl..., as
•• · In
in Oreoni\
Oregon '\ may
may be
.tvid.' in'o th• ...,."" 00....... "'''''1% or 'SI; 01.....
divided into the groups 000ti and estuar
ott
r kay clams,
1
The rqqy ott,
object of
lb.·?",!I9.!:.
~le,an/
aniocean
~",anelan,
011ltil..isillthe
th~~j.t_
or detailed
detaUed study,
study,
~"-'!' .
A quo"
quot $Yilt.
.tlto
tuU time
t1lM bitlogists
biologist. being
'being 1IllP10Jed
t!:lt' tie.
th1..~o$...
two full
splayed for
s5urpos*. A
sy-flet
1.
is
11~
$ ruor~ll.'8ll.
zto* inetteottor
in effect fox'W'4lbingt01'1t
Washington's
razor elsn belibb....
beaches,
AS
Was not.
not
AI' it
1t WtJI'
possible
with the biologists stu&flng
clams at
tbno
po.dbl. to talk
t.ut wlth~blo1c>6ilttll
"~d1ing razor
ra:Zpr()~
..t thiS
that..,
no mo:rewll,l
b. be
uldiUtOtitthi8
ftC'
tnoPe will
said sott this llpeol•••
spectes,
.-Probably
p~ab17thAt
•. Washington
W"'b1.ngton is
is the
~
the1I10l,ltllDportant
most iortaxtt bay
bay 01_
*lá ~
in
-',,,
.'..
".
.
-,'.
.
.;
.
e]a,
which us includes two
111, the natin iittlswnnk;.
. tittleensciç
\itth...w.ok 01.
., ··Whlohn~1n.1ttd.1I
two spec
ap&ol~ith~ne.tive
Uttle"""'fllck,
P.j1h1.••t.W.~
: ...
"
m4~e .1'.Pm-..~.
illipinart
neOkt1"lf~fln~1na~
and the itpanese jittle-neok,
P,
lnt1••.
. i . '.
..
...
with
.... J.)..
'l'he.'
the
. ' •.
Jap little-neck
little'ceck has
introduced ffAJ.
t$kf the J"p.~~.~O'TlIter
Japanese tlys tar•••
teed
trm
.Japl1tt:t.e"'l1eok
has be-on
b'.oft.1ntroduoed
d h'am
'.
.
.
'
c'
Japan and halll
has P1"OVedto
proved to b._a
be a m08t
most prolifio
prolific clalnlil;lttji"'ll,,17
slam extreasty adaptablfJ1;o
adaptable to
Japq
va.rring
of habitat,
h.bttat..
varying conditions
conditims of
ro~ tbilll
IIpeoi...
for
this species
The
The oOli$1ll$%'Cia1
ooznsrciaI poitalbll1ts.ellare
posstbilitUs are gre.it
gnat
It might
well
att_pttotQ~.tl'troduc,
in Oregon's
.Oregon'.
nit bebenil
to to
attempt
introduce in
wa:t....
attbi'
waters although
although the
the exact
exactmethod
methodorofint,roduettcm
btroduottcO lain
is in doubt
dott at
this
~~.
ttme.
is an
an .XI).~.t1t
excellMt steam
clan
and aa eolo~l~.t
cpjoflufl n*et olin
It ia
• •<ol.
. and
01-.
erpt, althou* present
The bu!terol.!!.tiltbough
~h.
pt'tlaentin1nxelatinly
:e\el.~1"11substantial
tUbatmntia4
l.anot
notUlJii<i¢~X'Olall'1
used cm.rotaUy to
extent,
qusntitiba
llu.nt1t~
•• 1$
to any
any large
~·.~tm~
Commercial
CQl1llllf)1'Oial
landings comprise
are dug tncldentsfl7
while dlsg1ns
dijging
l)~p1"lll" those
th?$& clans
/;llama that a:r.
incldQntJil3~1 lo/hU.•
01_
the Httl.-nlilok
little-neck ctan
hQr!ø'4Len 11l)7ilt11.!'
is rather Boo~17
soomfufly Xoc3cs4
at in
in WUh1n~oo'
wøshlnflt
The hcm!e...c,lam
4~l)d llt
and, although.
although p1'8lJent:t,n>sood
present in good abundance,
not used to
extent,
and,
a1:lImduoe. is
lBnot'ijIt.~
to any
A117extft~
The geoduclç
is :re.~)j"d
reserved tor
for apQ1"t
sport digglf\'g,
digging,
seod~l$ 1.
i
is pre"eti~:tdl)
present I do not belie.
believe It
is
AlthouCi the
slisU cl!!!,!
tj
.. Although
~6 soQt
li!.0f,tith,tl
lB
tt iii'
-.
USed
used
O .5X17 extent.
extent,
loany
TheQQQl4.O'1.1I.l'a
The .CQO.. Cifl 1$
llipl'ell.nt
present btt
put not
not US
u.~
ad in
in large quantities,
quentitiea,.
"',co
Another
resource
of
the
crab,
Another shellfish
llhe~U'.1l1h
l"'88l)lU'Ce
of Washington,
if.abington.
the Dusageneaa
Dungon...
Ora];)'
,
.
,
,
" '.,'. . •.. n'
t
h•• been studje$
IItudl" rather
ratherencfnai••
ly it
1n the P••
t\)\1f;.atpr-.unt
his
extensively
past
but at present no blQ'O
bi4)ttal Investigation
investlgatlOll1IsitJ In
.in progress,
progreaa..
)AB.tell.1
future,
tu~
g6l\.~
Sane work J.UlY
ay be
some
bedone
done ininthe
the nee,r
nee\%'
that~
the work
work done In
It is
ia the
the general atnosneus
cOll1cena?-8 of
ot opinion.
op1.nion t1at$ the
the past is
is generally
generally holding
holdingtl'Ueot
trues
.
r
4 14 .'
,
,
"
I,
/
ffecifie ~tlta
torattcM
'ieClUte
*.kJt'ft
-a.;w
uCU·_'
trcun !ai$'ltJ'IlhQ.~)
1) 14th 9.dfla)
4ugst 29
A!A!'l
22. X9&
US tjtqtes
U!qhlil tl'QlIl
Bntt.l"
olllJllll U'l!l.
1no1dltl::rtl-.1 to
totake
takeof
oflittle
11t,tilt
necka
OOtlllllll:-Q1a11:r.
Butter clams
are incidental
necks
ootmnez'ptafly,
--.n
Althougl:':l
Althoughnot
not~l'lted
harvestedd:1l"6oUy
dinotty emaU beds
bed. of
of'cc*timeraisi.
eomm.:N:t~ ,1&<\1
alsout
are p~l!Ient.
present,
Saw __Ie
of or
oa~1l
<>:rate%'was
W6Jlsllllle
M ssmpte
1J~1$ ~l\'l1U1
(this oyster
same as
given to
to
saw.
sample
9stetd1'U1al"*!(th:l~
v41*
me
by an.
an O7lJtOl"
oyster fanner
ester is toitd vith
the Kinme by'
ram6l"irs
in'Coos
0008 Bark
B-.rl. This
TUb 07l1tet>J.liItound
'll1~tb&
Kl.lIl'4amot..
8nd of
otrtMlIJ;'l11.
smote aeed.
seed, .rllplJ
Saps ot!Ul11ot
cannotl$o:tate
isolate pure
pun seed
Yz4afln (t1J
aa y~.
yet, It
It tat-
_t.
U1'O,or
rather Saches
x'ell.oheBllIlIl'rki1til.l.
yearla tims
t~
urn
or rather
m*rketale 81lle
ala ininaI!\yenrte
flust3Q,l9Z
.BiulIIt )0. I9S,
Went
Shollfillh
Wentout
outancnthe
thef'l,\taUthed.iately
flats txtaediately adjaje~tto
adjacent to the
the Shellfish
Lab
Purdy and
and observed
obll8r'Ved IIacme
omeclam
bed.
oon
tainfngHlittle-neck
1ltl••neck clams,
clame,
Lab at
at Purdy
c].am
beds
ocnttinthg
ho:rlleelame, geoduoks
gllodueklJ and
horseclan,
andbutte:r
butterolam..
elan, Dug
Dug one
one geoduck
geoduck weighing
weighing three
three
poinidsfourteen
fourteen ounee••
ounoea,41
fleantedthat
that the
the more
more .ubetanoe
substance to
to the
neck
pound.
H Seamed
then.ok
_1:Il:le
dn of
of' the
the neck
neok is
latndioaU"
of'the
11.S.of
ofthe
theelsa
ollUAYOucan
the size
indicative of
the size
you can
Observedboth
both!1.-1,8tlUl11ne..
atmuirie.and~
andJ.
phu11ipjqars in
expect
expect to dig.
dlg. Obse:rved
•• ihi1\1p!aaJ'Ul(
1n about
about
Sepl1t1U."n_k"a.
little-neck vu found
equ«l
l1v1ngtosether.The
found nearer
nevel" the
t}j,e
equal nUDlbe:r1a
ntrn*en liv
trig together, The .rap
surface of
could .,be
be seen
only pa1"tl1
partly buried.
81.U't'ace
of' the
the flat,
flat.many
ltttUl:roould
seenanl,.
buried" the
The ground
ground
is of.
very be.""
hasty Vavel.
grant,
18
ol'very
oyster
Oyster gX'o\U1d
ground1n
!n this
this
fU't'la about
about aplus
aplu..Zj.,O
11..0 :rfit
1n height4
helght.
ares
feet in
.
Extrerae
plus 17.0
11.6 feet
teet
Extremelow
lc, runout
runouttoto aa ntth'lola
rninua4.0
4,0t.et
testand
andhighti~$at
high tide at nt plus
Averagehelghtof'
height or oyster
Washingtonatabou.t
at about aa plua
plus
lifxt~ AVerage
oytJtel" beds
beds inWallhhl.gton
ótrens.
saw oy'lIt.e1"ll
oysters pllUlt.d
planted on
an almost
pus's .md
and
1.0 t.e'
plus 2,0
a.O<:f'eet.
on ·lin
almost pUN
LO
feet to a plus
feet, SBl.t
"
flat.
"'No good
good tor
plQh.ting "b\l:ttairl:r
good for
fortt>ltl1Jfplantl11g,j
flat, -No
for planting
but fairly good
transplanting,
Oedrle
Cedric believed
believed deeP'lt8.terpoputs.Uonsotolau,
deepwster populations of clams, p'4rtloular1y
p*rtióularty
geoduoks and
geoduoks
andho:rfleelllllll!l,
horneolans,.1nsU2!'ed
insured,perpetluation
perpetuation'and
and~8l!led1ng
reseedingof'of the
the. tUe"
tideIMd with clams,
olams. Re8'ilaMonll
lll8.ximm.lX1111e1d
land
Regulations Mad
need only
only"be
be appl1ed
applied 1!'
if maxiin
yield 1.
is
}Plrttd.
)nired,
Legal 111111tot
limit of geoducs
(possessionlimit
limitofof three)
three) 8.t
setwithout
Legal
geod'llO. (poanlUlion
Witho!!,.!; .•
any
biological reasor,
any biologlcal
reallo~
Cedric believed
bet lendthat
that
many
reOin
many
areas
Cedric
believed
that:
mMy
111"$'"
!nboth
:&uset
SOImd
and
thboth
bothPttget
Pget Sound
Sctd arid
and
)
\\I111apll.
were ovex1planted
ovoX'plantedtn
l"esult bethg
be;l;n.g aa slower
glower rzaturthg
Iillltllrmg
Willapa were
tn oyetet'l'l
oysters the result
:
~
'
cr~
crop.
production pel'
per acx>e8()()1;.1.000
acre 8004000 gaflons,
Average production
pl1~ • ., Ve:J:'1
good pro.m
p;ro...
Vary good
.
duction
plant on~he.tl""X"&Sl!l
of 20
duction 2000
duotlon
2000gl.llonll
*flonnpeX'
per&OH.,Ot'(M&l."1I
ten, Growen plant
a the avenge of
.
eases
,s high
hi
hl
casu of oyster
oyate:r seed
seed per
pet' acre,
!tore.· Atl
as
o~ Where
tM
as 100
100 ca'-IIJpet'
canes per ..
acre
where the
g:rove:rs are
•arejuat
holdlngtM
0'Y.t81'8 for
rOlf one
one year
'1l1tu:"and
and than
then tflrtsplantthg
t~plantWg
growen
just holding
holding
the
the cystere
cystere
for
one
year
and
than
tflnsplentthg
on other
other area...
teen,
September 1,.
1952 (WIth
(With
Chuck on
Island B.dl)
Beds)
SeptltmblU'
1•. 1'52
('With ChuCk
on S&unish
S!Ul'lllh Island
RCl 0lq)olntO'.7'ater
Company grounds
g1'OUQd.1 are
&l"e the
1;hell{t.a
of the
the ol4est
Oldest
Ro*point
Oyster Conipiny
site at
and 1'lrst
first suecelustul
successful planting
of the
pl,antingot
the Japanese
Japanelle oyster,
Q1'lI.h1".
M8Xl7
dr111s of
Many drills
the three
three ap.cl.-ment1oned
species mattionid &ul1er
earlier We:re
wan present
the
pre.ent bars,
~re.
Chuck had a
study ":rea
area to check
mortality and
mortality of
.tudy
Check natural
naturaltlJorb811t'1
and total
totallll.ortll.:1.1ty
of the
the oysters.
07t1tejoa
irs sn
in
to measure
meaau:1O$ the
theetf«mt
01' thedrills
thed:l;oU1,. ott
CItlth8
an effort to
effect of
the oy.t.r..
oystórs,
,
'!'he Jtp
.lap
The
r-u,.
The JJp
J
I till
and May
*ga4 In the
.-(
. :&rl.1llays
layseggs
eggsin.1nMarch,
Ma,Nb,April
Apr1~and
M-raxzd
~da.ga1Pt,.n
tlhe fafl,
drill is
hermaphroditic,
ill. not
nothermapht'odlt1C"
Bxtr9me iaith.ities
are lethal.
'EXtl'lm1e
IUl.11nlt:tCUIlf-N:toth41.
Rookpoin1:
Rctkpoint
P.7
.AotmQss tbe
the
gund arei!U'e
about
ankle
with tt*4
Oyster Oompany's
gl:"O'lmds
abGlut
l<lnk1edeep
dHPwItb~"'.Adrosl'l
lagpm In
westerly directtaa
}Icnazd Oyster
1agl=
1n 4fq!~$8terly
dlnctlQ:1inis the
th~Launn
:r...\.tl'lR).E:<:M~«(!)1"t
..1:" Co.
C(;)w
the ground
was of
sand generally,
gI'OUUd waa
t;l:f tint
f'irm.Band$eI:l~l'Il11'1.
hers,
flare
l:tl!lt'e
A drl11Pl'fobl.lI.lao
exIl!ttfld
ann pmbian
pmbttn also existed
.
September
Septenber ti,
2. 1922
1952 ... pau1sbo
Psuisbo BI'l:T
Bay with
with Chuck
Chuck
.
this A1'$!\
area W'asf'oZ'me:!:'ly,
wan fonnerly, and .till
still is
potentially,,excellent
exeeltent
This
lspo~tm.tll1.ll'1
fattening aria
l!Ind growing
growing ground
ground bull
but 1b
it 18
It
là UIH,lelJlI
is
useless how
now dUe
due to
to the
the heavy
inf.eitation
or drIlls(TritQnalis),
dr111. (Tritonll.l1.) •
infetation of
drills(TritQnalis),
..- Llbe:rty
Bay w1th
Liberty Bay.
with Chuck
Chuck
.
1'1..
flats
1:;.
C~e.st
o,.ste.1' Cc,(Verne
Co. (Verne ifayes
Raye. manager)/ort~
Coast Oyster
mtnager)/of the aUt
silt type
type ankle
ankle
.)
deep to calf
liMP
ce.l1' deep,
d••p. . This
ThIs groundhu
oyshrllll.dolilm
ground has been hU"dened.
hardened wIth
with oyster
and clan
and
gnve:t.·
sndgravet.
.
.
•
.
..
'ah#U/
minus 1.5
1.5 teet
feethllight
hbit of
flats,
ahe1.1l AAminus
mInus 0,5
0.5 to
to aQ m:i.nu:e
o,t'.t1ata.
drilliag hole In
in
drill1ng
1n native
native oyster.
O'1stO:r-e
tbe
Oblle%'¥n
~1~~
Qbsen.d. 4rIiS
Sane old thells
shella or
01' the Japanese
.Tapanalle oyster
oySter'
Scce
Zit.?,
au.•
i
"
.
..
',-'
had IlI.OH
onlt hale
hollt
.in
th_
lndloatmgpe1'bapG
..rqndorn
%'$.tldo1ltselection.
.eleobionof
hadhadmon
mon than
than one
one
hale
haleIn
In
Inthat
that
thatndi.cat
ndi.cat
ndi.cat
Ing
Ing
lg $ttaps
$ttaps
$ttaps***r'qndorn
rndorn
selection.
selection.
at
at
&&1,yre,eby the
""f?ti"w,.".r·bT
the drUl
drlfl rath&r
rather then
that the
the d:riUaotUaUyaeleo1::ing
drill aotusfly selecting out
out ..
t
live oyster,-.
1.tTe
oyatler.
-North
Bay with
.~orth B~1
wIth chuak
Chuck
State reu%'V1l
reserve ground.
grotds- ll.~
are here..
hen. TookaampleR
of Ostrea
ORt;rea adult!,,
eduJ,18"
Took samples .of
H
0, rlVUl!rt-..
KUmttOtQ,
0,
KUl't'Jtioto,,g.lul'14h£{_
Saw State
S:j;8.te owned
O\i(ni!ld dykea
dp•• whtøh
whiAh are
are at
at
abouts.
tide level
10.,..1 end
.ndmade
of concrete.
Oonel'ete.
about a plu84.o:teet
plus 1.o feet tid.
made of
Diud.,.enhge!"t
Disadvantage
of
concrete dyke.
dykes Is
is the.tthey
that they have
have tentenc:T
ten4enoy to
to aattle
settle '-n
In the
the IIiWt
mud en4end orlllOkt.
ons1
oonor.lf.
VMh studies
studt•• here fr<anJap&neh
opter ued
The state bU
has growth
from Japanese oyster
seed obtaine4
obtained
from the V1t1"1C»lS1~1ng tu"e.Q 'inJlllplUlot
AcDos
bay from
Aoi''''' the DII;Y
trOttl the
the stats
state maerve
:rf!I1I$1"Vf!Igrotmds-,
gI"Q~1'I '. observed
cbReM'&<! Cisu
l:bm
entittly
Sargont f II native
na-tive oyster
oyster beds
beY whtch
wMoh eonsisted/of dyked land4 The
Sargent's
The J.Al1'gut
largest
-
oona1ated/:tt~~~ 1~
dks wai
of the
self flushing
dykf.i
WaB 150
150feat
feet: by
by 900
900 feet
teet< and
IiJld .of
thoflelt'
f~uah1ng type,
t:rPOit
Elevated
feetab.welJUfroundlng
ab-ovi surrounding
gr The
'oud w~'j;}1.~the
w1tMz the ~.
dftn
. 2-3
2..3 f'8&t
. gx-~.
.TM gt't1Ufld
had4
~>~eGt'1
f1rst
a laye':'~fPlan1<~t;henIH)ve~
of
eerz _.t;lldl>yplaeing
*,ritad by placing
first
a laysr at plank, then soverel 1~'1"B
layers of
tarpap&r, aa layer of'
and finealy
f'lnaJJ,yalayer
Of graver
gra"l.~,
t*rpaper,
or shiplap
shiplap or,
or p1iwotd,
plyWOd, and
a layer of
on top.
top.
Sargt!mt uted
uSed cemeRt
oemeat coated
oqe.ted lathe
lathe reeks
rllU>kstCJroli.t(lh~
hiB seed,
8"'4.
Sargent
for catching his
No drill problem
pro't!-l,em here..
here0
3, 115g
195t .••
- Oyst9r
Oyster B~I
Bay \1Hh
rith
vith Cl1:uc1(
Cbuck
Chuck.
September 3
SE!ptember
~.'
9IIIt13'r
Oosel"Yed more
Il\Q~I;l
dyked are-au
!.I.%"&ts
nat!
VEloy.ste;rs
being
Observed
Observed
move dyked
dylced
areas hare
here
here where
where
native
oysters were
were-being
ere native
oysters
were-being
9\)1ti
vated.
9ultivated,
We.ter
tntIYke.
upon arrival
atihalWlll'i
Clp, .. 75°?
7r;o, whit
whenleav1ng."
Water .in
dykee upon
-was ·11
11°?
whin
-leaving.
The
te.d ot
1noh by 2-3
2..3 feet
teet
the- dykes
dfles
were
constructed
of
creosoted
one
Inch
feet
dylces
dykes were
wereoon.,tr'lie
constructed
of oreos.oted
creosoted onll
one ineh.byl.a
Inch by 12 tnoh
boards.
boards,
c,
Def'initel.y.Q
pioka.
Definitely aa droi11
drill
drillprobDm,.l
prpbblm.1.
prpbbM.1.GreweI'
Grer
Grer picks
picks tlpall
up
up sit
sit d1"i1.18
drills
drillshe
he dan
Sn
•••e
out,
see whenever
whenever out
p"f
on the beds,
0&4*.
Freshwster
Fre.shwater flushin6
flushing of
of dykes
d1ke8 is
i8 being
being
or
considered
f'Qrtheeontrol
considered far
the- -contrat of thiltdrills.
the drills,
September 14, 19S - t Shefltih L1
:
.
-
-.
tjtpied over Cedz'i*!s collection of olam shells he has nade
tor
IItudie8..
for growth
growth studies,
Tclkod over
Tl?lked.
over acme
sam.e algae problems
problems with
with the
the *tafl,
steJ't.
Left for Newport
Uewport about
about noon,
noon..
-
!.o .... /fll
D.
'J).
,",e
Mavv,&qe
M4 rr
&cl.t3,&°?fl_
f!Jc.-I. 1 3,1''rt-
N~7"ES
O~
A<.f
6 -.;1.'1
AUC-a9
(
~; ()
k.
\..;
,
k.
R , P . 'Roar-II.
rltrl('- ~
w45M,uGrou
tRIP
W-\S~,.v<7'OJV'
,I
_
S
e,1."
II
I
1'1 !>- "L
-#~Wr/FII"IIl:h~K
Arrived at
at Washington
State Sbhllfish
Washington State
ShBllfish
LaboratoryAugust
August 29,
29. 19S2
1952
Arrived
SbhllfishLaboratory
29,
19S2
at
1600. Net
Met Harold
and
John
asaswell
as
the
other
Net
Harold Wikston
Wikaton
Wikatonand
andJohn
JohnLorey
Loreyas
wellas
as the
the other
other
at 1600.
1600.
Arranged a
a rough
rough
knew,
Lindsay
andChuck
Woelke. Arranged
fellows
knew1
Cedric Lindsay
Lindsayand
ChuckWoe].ke.
knew1 Cedric
Cedric
Lindsay
and
Chuck
Woe].ke.
fellows III knew1
following tides
tides
as follows:
follows:
schedule for
schedule
for the
the following
following
tides as
as
follows:
Pacific
Monday-Sept 11 1
Monday-Sept
Monday-Sept
--- -Santish
Samish
SantishBayBayBay-will
will
willsee
see
see Pacific
Pacific
Pacific Oyster
Oyster
Oyster
grounds that
that
infected with
grounds
grounds
that are
are badly
badly infected
with
drills,
Tritonalia
japonica. Also
drills,Tritonalia
japonica.
drills,
Tritonalia japonica.
japonica.
see
Chuck's work
on
seed
oyster mort-.
mortsee Chuck's
mort-.
see
workon
onseed
seed oyster
ality. While
While in
in
the
area
area we will
also
also
will also
in the
the area
see
some
see sone
see
sone pea
pea vine
vine pollution.
pollution.
Bay-Good growing
Tuesday-Sept 2
Thesday-Sept
Tuesday-Sept
2 --- Paulsbo
PaulsboBay-Good
growing ground
ground and
and
drill
drill infested
infested
infestedgrounds.
grounds.
grounds.
(
Bay--State Reserve
Reserve Beds.
Beds.
\,
North Bay--State
North
Reserve
Beds.
Wednesday-Sept
- Oyster
inUestation
Wednesday-Sept
22 -2
- OysterBay
Bay
-- Active
- Activedrill
drill in2estation
in2estation
control
control being
control
being
being carried
carried
carriedout.
out.
out by
by growers.
growers.
growers.
Native
Native oysters.
oysters.
State Oyster
Oyster Reserve
Reserve
Clam ground
Clam
ground
ality.
clams are
inciButter clams
clams
are mcimciAugust 29,,
29.
Cedric. Butter
August
29g.
19S2.
1952.
notes
with Cedric.
Cedric.
August
29g.1952.
19S2.notes
notesfrom
fromtalk
talk with
harvested
dental
dental to
to take
take
take of
of
of little
little
little
necks
necks
neckscommercially.
commercially.
commercially. They
Theyare
are not
not harvested
commercialsize
size are
are
directly
inWashington
Washington although
small beds
of commercial
directly inin
although small
small
beds of
of
present.
present.
ably example
ably
example of
of the
the
Saw
Ostrea
r4vularis.
of
Pro Dably
Sawsample
sampleofofOstrea
Ostrear4vularis.
r4vularis. Probably
With
some
fre~"round"
oyster given
given me
Cooper. These
"round" oyster
"round"
given
me by
by "ooper.
"coper.
"coper.
found
with
somefrefreThese are
are found
foundwith
withsome
some
freuency
theKumarnota
Kumamota seed.
seed.
the
the
Kumarnota
Kunanota
uency with
with the
(K
K
30,
1952. Went
out
with
Cedric
in
front
of lab
labon
onWhiz
Whiz 1'ish
Wentout
outwith
withCedric
Cedricin
infront
front of
of
lab
on
Whiz
E'lsh
Fish
August 30,
August
30, 1952.
Company
Uompany and
Victor
Victor
oyster
well
well as
as
as some
some
some public
public
public
Uompany
and
victor
victorOulette's
Oulette'soyster
oyster beds
beds as
as well
horseclams, geoducks,q
geoducks,q
geoducks,q
clam
necks (native)
(native) ~ horseclams,
clan beds
clan
beds containing
containinglittle
little necks
(native)
lbs 114
ounces
on areo3ust
clams. Dug
geoduck wêthghing
wl!ltllghing 333 lbs
Ibs
14 ounc.es
are<>- just
geoduck
wêthghlng
114
ounces on
areo3ust
Dug one
one geoduck
butter clans.
butter
clams.
from lab.
(shows)
the
Saw geoduck
geoducknecks
necks
necks(shows)
(shows)---- the
the more
more substance
substance to
to
across from
from
across
lab. Saw
the
the neck
neck and
size
denotes
pretty
well
the
the
size
size
of
of the
the
the
the clam
clam
clam that
that can
can
can
the
andsize
size denotes
denotespretty
prettywell
wellthe
thesize.
size of
of
that
. be
expected to
be aug,
gug. On
grounds in
found
grounds
found
heavy gravel
gravel we
we found
found
to be
Onoyster
oyster grounds
in heavy
be expected
expected
be
aug,
both
V. staninea
staminea
V.
phillipinarum
numbers
liVing
both V.
V.
staninea and
and V.
V. phillipinarun
phillipinarun in
in equal
equal nwabers
nwabers living
living togethtogethjap
neckismore
ismore
rsmore of
a surface
surface clam
clam than
than the
the
the native
native
or a
Thejap
jap little
little neck
er. The
er.
little neck. We
ly&ng
on
surface
or
slightly
We found
foundJap
Jap
Japlittlenecks
littlenecks
littlenecksly&ig
lyng
lyngon
on
onsurface
surface
surfaceor
or
orslightly
slightly
slightly
The ground
groundisis of
of very
very heavy
gravdug In
in
shel showing.
showing. The
heavy gravof shel.
in
with most
most of
shel.
showing.
in with
with
some
(very
e) mu
mUPlbinding(Cedric
said
-could not
see
el with
el
with some
some (very
(verylitt
litt(e)
littZe)
litt(e)
mu binding(Cedric
binding(Cedricsaid
said--- II could
could
not see
see
%tg4.
the
mud ---LDN)
LD1-1)
,
/
(
the mud
LDN)
W-?4.L
/
little neck.
'F
o-L~
S'
i
I, ik
I
L
the oyster
ground in this
this
part of
thelagoon
Cedric said
Cedric
said the
the
oysterground
this part
ofthe
the
lagoon
about
4.0
feet
runout
minus
was
wasabout
aboutaapluB
aplus
plus 1.O
IkO
IkOfeet
feet in
in height.
height. Extreme
Extreme low
lowrunout
runout to
to aa minus
4.0
feet
at
plus
17.0
feet
extreme. Average
14.0
feetand
and high
high tide
tide at
ataaaaplus
plus17.0
17.0 feet
feetextreme.
extreme.
Average height
height
1.o reet
1.o
reet
and
high
tide
at
plus
17.0
feet
extreme.
of
beds
Washington
to
plus
of oyster
of
oyster beds
beds in
in Washington
Washington at
atatabout
about
aboutaa aplus
plus
plus1.0
1.0
1.0feet
feet
feet to
to aaa plus
plus 2.0
2.0
feet.
Saw oysters
oysters
oysters(on
(on
(onisland)
island)
island) planted
planted
planted on
on
on an
an
an almost
almost
almost pure
pure
puresand
sand
sandflat.
flat.
flat.
feet. Saw
Even older
older
planting
fairly
good for
for
No good
No
goodfor
forplanting
plantingbut
butfairly
fairly good
good
for transplanting.
transplanting. Even
oysters
had difficulty
in
maintqining
themselvessomewhat.
somewhat.
oysters had
difficultyinin
maintqining
themselves
themselves
somewhat.
sQmewhat.
Deepwater
clams (geoducks,
(geoducks, and
Deepwaterpopulations
populations
populations of
of clams
clams
(geoducks,
and probably
probably
Regulations needed
neededonly
only
only to
to
to be
be
horseclams)
insured
oncoming
clams. Regulations
be
horseclams)
insured
oncoming
clams.
horseclains) insured
horseclains)
insuredoncoming
oncoming clams.
clams.
is desired,
desired,
i.e.,large
large
clws.
Legal limit
limit
maximum yield
yield is
is
desired. i.e.,
i.e••
largeclams.
clams. Legal
aa~plied
plieê
ifififmadmufli
plisé
macimu'
01':3
guess and
and by gosh.
gosh.
geoducksset
set by
by guess
o?3 geoducks
U~
.
Cedric stated
stated the
the native
Cedric
native little
littleneck
neckwas
was from
from 3-5
inchei be3- inches
3-5
neath
the surface
neath the
surface of
of the
the flat
flatgenerally
generallywhilOethe
whileethe jap
jap littleneck
littleneckwas
was
Inches
from 1-3 inches
inches generally.
generally. Silt,
crowding, tidal
range, feed
Silt, crowding,
tidal range,
feed---- all
all
of
these were
neck --of these
wereRble
abletotobe
bestood
stoodbetter
betterw~~h
wflhthe
thejap
japlittle
little neck
indicatthg aa much
hardier species.
indicat'ng
much hardier
Southern
Southernpuget
pugetSound
Soundareas
areasofofthe
theJapanese
Japaneselittle
little neck.
neck. Colder
or
Northern areas
neck isisriot
notabundant.
abundant. The
The jap
or Northern
areasthe
the jap
jap little
little neck
not
japlittlelittleneck
warmer conditions.
Oalkland Bay
neck requires warmer
conditions. In 1942
Oalklarid
Baywas
wasthe
thesite
site of
19142
1911.2 Oalkland
larg kills
kills ofofthe
larg~
the Jap
Jap little
little
neck
neckdue
duetotocold
coldweather.
weather. By
By 19L16
1914k
1946 they
they
were coning
were
coming back in
in commercial
commercial numbers.
numbers. Another
Another kill
in 1949.
By
kill in
l919.
By 195
195
1% 22
191i3.
they were
were commercially
commercially present
present again.
again. 400-600
pounds
Jap LN
LN per
O0-6OOpounds
poundsof
of
of jap
ja.p
LN
per
tiMO-600
man
is aagood
good average
average catch
catchcommercially.
commercially. U-6
4-6 bushels
permarx
man
mantide
tide is
bushels per
per
man
tioce of
of the
thenative
nativeLN
LN is
isgood.
good. A
would have
tiite
native
UI
A successful
successful digger would
haveto
to average 200-300
200-300 pounds
pounds ofofclams
clansper
per tide
tide to
to stay In
in
in business
business.
basiness~
Butter clams
taken
taking of
of Ljttle
Little necks.
necks.
Butter
clams
clans are
are
are taken
taken incidentally
incidentally
incidentally to
to
to taking
taking
No
to
harvest butter
butterclams
clamSin
washington.
No concentrated
concentratedeffort
effort
effort to
to harvest
harvest
butter
clams
ininWashington.
In
washington.
(See
on Study
Study Island 00
00 EcoEco(See Quayle
Quayleabout
aboutButter
Butter clam
clam yield
yield on
logical
logical conditions.)
condlitions.)
Silting and
Silting
and
overdi
diinz
causeof
ofdecline
decline of
clans
Silting
and over
over
d~&&in&
cause
of
decline
of butter
butter.clams
clams in
in
in cause
Dabob and
and Hoods
Hoods canal.
canal. t#~(J#(Pi#I4/p##t#t
Dabob
Japanese
spawning apparently
s:ix
Japanese oyster
oyster spawning
spawning
upparently
upparentlyrunning
running
runningin
in
inaa RiX
xix year
cycle of heavy
heavy setting
although light
sets are
areoccuring
occuring annually.
annually.
cycle
setting although
light sets
.
The
increase
The japanese
japanese use
use aa method
methodofofbrushing
brushingan
anarea
area to
to increase
Increase
chunkofofbrush
brushisis staked
clam set. A
A chunk
staked out
out every
every 19
Ie to
to 15
feet. This
clnn
15 feet.
aids in
in the
the set
setofofclams
clams apparently.
apparently. In Japan.
Japan.
aids
Clam food
food competition.
competition. Walter
Chipman at
Clam
foodversus
versus oyster
oyster food
Walter Chipman
Chipnan
at
Beaufort. Connecticut
Connecticut is
forworking
working on
on biBeaufort,
is using
using radioactive
radioactive tracers for
bivalve
food0
valve food,
food.
food.
Anatomy ofof
feeding
ofof
oyster
Anatomy
feedingapparatus
apparatus
oystersuch
suchthat
thatitit selects
the
the smaller
smaller organisms
organisma and
andrejects
rejects the
the larger.
larger. See Coe.
Coe.
T.C.
Nelson, T.C.
1933.
On
of Animal
Animal Forms
Forms by
1933.
On the
the Digestion of
by the
the Oyster.
Proc. Soc
Exper.
Biol.
&&Med.,
Proc.
Soc for
for Exper.
Exper. Bio],.
Biol.&
Med•• 1933,
XXX pp.
pp.
1933, XJOC
1287 -1290.
1287-1290.
Conseil Permanent
Conseil
PermanettInternational
International Pour
our LtExploration
L'Explorationp~
#
De
De La
La Her
Mer
Extrait du
duRapports
Rapports et
etProces
Procas-- Vergau.x,
-Vergaux,
Vergaux. Vol.
Vol.
Extrait
Rapports
et
Proces
CXXVIII, 1951.
1951. The
The Governement
GovernementInstitute
Institute for
for
CflVIII,
19S1.
Fishery
FisheryInveatigations(RIJKSINSTITUDT
Investigations(RIJKSINSTITUOT
Investigations(RIJKSINSTITUUTVOOR
VOOR
~
VISSERIJONDERZOEK)
OOST-INDISCH
HUIS
AMSTERDAM
-I, B. *Havinga,
OOST-INDISCH
HUIS
ANSTERDAN
B. Havinga,Director
Director
I.
encountered ininTank
Tank Breeding
Breeding
Difficulties encountered
I. Difficulties
Oysters (0.
(0. edulis)
edulis) by
by P.
Korringa.
p.P. Korringa.
of Oysters
II.
Investigations on
disease
in the
the oystoyston Shell
shell disease
dilease in
II. Investigations
er,
er, 0.
O. edulis
edulisL.L.by
byKorringa.
Korringa.
III. Crepidula
Crepidula fornicata
fornicata as
as an
an oyster
oyster pest
pest by
by
III.
Korringa.
Cedric has
has some
somegrowth
growthstudies
studiesononthe
thecockle.
cockle, littleneck
littleneck and
Cedric
and
geoduck
strictlyininraw
rawform.
form. The
The samples
samples are
are present
pi'esent but
geoduckbut
butitit isis strictly
have
been measured.
measured. Plans
up this
Winter.'
have never been
Plans to
to work
workitit up
this winter.
R.T.
has not
not sent
sentCedric
Cedricdope
dope on
on geoduck
geoduck take.
R.T. has
..
The
information
was
taken
from
lab
The following
following
following information
Informationwas
wastaken
takenfrom
fromwall
wallininshellfish
sheflfish lab
sheflfish
at
Purdyt s.
at turdyts.
fl.
L__
·_
___ _
. _.
I
__ I
ost1q!ea lurida
lurida
ostea
0stea
0st?,ea
lurida
105 run
in dia
dia
eggs - 105
mm in
Straight hinge larvae at time
Straigh~
tilne of liberation 180 microns
microns long
X 160mlcrons
160 microns
high
X
micronshigli
at setting
setting size
size - 320 to
Larvae at
to
*0
microns
hight('i).
highti).
to 314.0
340microns
microns
hight(?).
'.
gigas
Osbrea
Osbrea
g,gas
Ostrea fl.gas
osbrea
g.gas
egg: 1j5-65
t5-65 microns
microns wide.
egg:
45-65
microns
wide.
1i3-65
.
not
completely covered
by
shell - 60
Trochophore larvae
60 micTrochophore
larvae not
not completely
covered by
by shell
rons
high,
rons high,
high, 70 microns 'It!.1
long,
long,
#4
ØØ long.
Late straight
hinge
76 microns
microns
high
Late
hinge larvae
larvae76
microns
microns high
straight hinge
larvae
76
pronounced
tunbo,
tunbo,
shells
shells assyxnnetrical,
assyxnnetrica1,
assyxnnetrical,left
left
left
limbo
limbo
umbo
more
pronounced
Early.
umbo, shells
assymmetrical,
left
umbomore
more pronounced
Early tunbo,
Early
%$4{ and
andl"rger
lrger
1rger
lrger than
than
than
right
microns
~#
thanright
right75-80
75-80microns
microns high.
320 microns
microns high.
Veliger larvae
time
of
255 -- 320
high.
Veliger
larvae
larvaeat
at
at time
tine of
of setting
setting 2%
25
Ostrea
rlvUiarisdyiceci
dyked area growth 6-8
D sIze
ea rivularis
ea
rivularis
b-b months
months gIves
gives
saaa smali
sm&
oyster.
or.
or.
Washin~ton
Washington
tideland titles
titles (State
(state Ground)
Ground) are all known, the state
state
tideland
About l/11
l/I
spen6
$40,000
survey
just recently.
About
1/4 of
spenC $IjsJ,000
spenC
$1j0,000for
for
fora a detailed
detaind
detailld survey
survey just
just
recently.
all
all tidelands
all
tidelands are
are state
state
state held,
held,
held.
Asked
about
having areas
both
areas overplanted
overplanted in
in both
both
AskedCedric
Cedricabout
aboutpossibility
possibility of
of having
areas
Puget Sound
Sound and
and Willapa.
On
in Willapa it
it
takes
Willapa.
On
beds in
it takes
Willapa.
OnStoney
Stoney Point
Point beds
from 24
2t to
4 years
to
marketable
size oyster.
of fattfatt24
to tt.
years to
to produce
produce aaa marketable
marketable size
oyster. Some of
ening grounds there turn out three crops per
per year.
year. Cedric believed
aaihy of
of the
thegrowers
ggrowers
rowe;I's have
have overplanted
overplE'Jlted there
there
afly
afly
of
the
have
overplanted
overplanted
there
there areas.
areas.
areas.
per acre
acre (average).
(average).
Production per
Production
acre
Average production-800-l000
production-800-l000 gallons
gallons
per
acre.
Good
Good
ground
ground
2000
2000
gallongs
gallaigs
per
per
acre.
acre.
1.6
1.6
bushels
bushels
equals
equals
per acre.
11 gallons.
A
to
reahh is
per gallong.
gallong. Growers
paint
A goal
A
goal to
to reahh
reahh
is 11 bushel
bushel per
per
gallong.
Growers pUnt
pUnt
gallons.
on the
of 20 cases per
per acre.
acre. LO-5o
40-50 cases
cases
per acre
acre in
in
to-5O
Iio-50
cases per
In
places
the average of
In places
where just
just holding.
holding. As
As high
as
per
holding durhigh
highas
as
as 100
100 cases
cases per
per acre
acre
acre for
for
for holding
holding
durdurwhere
ing
the
first
year.
Break
up
very
easy
When
transplanting.
T
ilne
Break
up
very
easy
when
transplanting.
Time
Tine
ing the first year.
line
of transplant
transplant isis critical.
critical.
of
Rockpolnt Oyter
Rockpoint
0yter
With
Beds:
September
1952. With
With Chuck
Chuck on
on
Sarnish
Island
Beds: ROCkpointOYSt,er
Chuck
onSanish
SamishIsland
Island Beds:
September 1,
September
1, 1952.
l9S2.
Company grounds. Site of oldest and first
t~e
first successful planting of the
present -small native drill
drill
japanese oyster. Drills present
-- Tritonalia, small
Neptunia, and
and
Urosalpynx.
Ol
box in
in
Neptimia,
and Urosalpynx.
Urosa1pnx.
C,
C.
had a poisoned grease painted box
C had
t
~which
to
mortality
and oytside
o~tside to
total mortality.
LC
which
was
to
be
be natural
natural mortality
mortality and
oytside
oytside
to
to be
be
be total
total
total
mortality.
LC
whichwas
was to
to be
which
natural
mortality
mortality.
rinent
In this
In
this manner
maimer
maimer he
he
he
heexpected
expected
expected
expected
to
toto
check
check
check
drill
drill
drill
damage.
damage.
damage.
li li
Qrinent
. ~., In
this
manner
to
check
drill
damage.
l'J:RIl
E\.'HI,Ilriment
Ai9toonsisted
j.'0foonsisted
gJtonsisted
of
of
of
a
a
a
very
very
very
few4ess
few4ess
few4ess
than
than
than
ten,
ten,
ten,
clusters
clusters
clusters
of
of
I
I
et1d
et1d
oysters
j.~~~~onsisted
a very. few,less than ten, clusters of I 1e~~~ldoysters
oysters
%$/%
Ø/4/$j&%.
The
poisoned
grease
contained
or
a
total
of
20
Ø//Øyf/4I%.
Ø//Øyf/4I%.
4'1O-"'~r or
'PPf,"(J.!ti{#!-f;!#.f-II>iJ.'1.
lays eggs
eggs in
in March
March april
april and
andt4aynd
Maynd
chloride. Tritonalia lays
eggs
in
March
april
MayF.nd
mercurous chloride.
aEain
in the
the fall.
fall. They
They are
are not hermaphrodutic.
salinities
hennaphrodutic. Extreme salinities
again in
are
are lethal.
are
lethal.
47
Washington's
oyster
oyster Industry
industry is
is in
in
Willapa.
Washington1s oyster
industry
is
in Willapa.
Washington's
60
60 -- 770% of Washington's
Howardts
Across
;tf~f,/~f,1> Rockpoint Oyster Co at
at Lauren
Lauren Howard's
Howard's beds,
beds,
Across Bay from t%H%/%ø
t%H%/%Ø
was the
the next
next stop.
stop. West
side
had firm
sand. East side
side ankle
ankle deep
deep mud.
mud.
had
firm sand.
sand.
Westside
side had
had
firm
sand.
of
Drills
appear to
to demand
demand aa certain
amount of
food
in an
an area.
area. Areas
Drills appear
certain amount
of food
food in
of
heavy oyster
If the
the area
areahas
has not
not been
been planted
planted
of heavy
oyster concentration
concentration ideal.
ideal, If
can
move
across
Drills
can
can
move
move
across
across
for
while
the
out.
Drills
can
for aaaa while
for
while
while the
the drills
drills
drills seen
seem
seen to
to "starve"
"starve"
"starve" out.
out.
out.
some
Chuck has
has some
'growth
deep
or
has
some 'growth
growth
deep mud
deep
mud
mudbybyextruding
extruding
extrudinga aaslime
slime
sline "road"
"road"
"road"or
or
or "film.
"film. Chuck
figures on
on
Tritonalia.
Believes
they
to
be
2
years
old
Believes
they
they
have
have
to
to
be
be
2
2
years
years
old
old
before
before
ttt
on Tx'itonalia.
Tx'itonalia.
can spawn.
Have totobe
then.
they can
spawn. Have
becontrolled
controlledinin
Infirst
first year
year of
of life
life then.
A
IfV,
, ,
September 2.
paulsbo Bay with Chuck:
Chuck: Formerly and potentially
2, 1952 -- Paulsbo
excellent ratteni.ng
fattening
infested with
excellent
rattening and
fattening
and growing
growing ground
ground
ground but
but
but heavily
heavily
heavily infested
Tritonal ia.
Tritonalia.
Chuck stated that In
in Discovery Bay
Bay 20,000 ~olYAices
o1yp.iôes
olynióes collected
collected
collected on clam
clam
in one
one area
area In
in 19S1.
1951. Apparently a clam pest, not particularly
grounds in
in
1951.
an oyster
oyster test.
pest.
Verne Hayes:
Hayes: Silt type flats ankle
Liberty Bay: Coast Oyster
Oyster Co.
Co. -- Verne
ankle
deep
to
deeper
hardened
with
oyster
and
clam
shell.
A
minus
A
0.5
to
deep to
oyster and clam shell.
mInus
has
hardened
with
ground
hardened
with
aa minus
1.5
feet
Bhight
of
flats.
Oyster
has
been
minus
minus 1.5 feet
feet bhight
èight of
of flats.
gravel. Off hardened
area very
deep. CW
hardencé
hardeneé area
very soft,
soft, over
over knee
knee deep.
deep.
OW ways about
200 acres under cultivation
cultivation here.
here. Trucking of oysters from Willapa
hendli
for
fattening
resulted
in
heavy
put on
on rough handli
handling
for fattening resulted In
in heavy moetallty.
motal1ty.
motal1ty. Blame put
by c.onvepor
conve~or belts.
belts. Area downbay.
downbay, as
as well
well as
as firststqp.
first stop, were
were old
by
dyked areas fonnerly
formerly used for native oyster
oyster culture.
culture. b00
some live natnatSome
natives still
observed. Observed Tritorialia
aa native
Tritonalia drillIng
drilling
drilling a
native
ives
still around observed.
oyster. Saw some jap
jap oysters with more than
than one
one hole in
in then4
the~
EviIn
oyster.
dence of native oyster setting --- probably
probably last
last year.
year.
Reserves, Took samples
Bay -- State Reserves.
North Bay
samples of
of Ostrea
Ostrea edulis,
edulis, Ktunomoto
Kumomoto
dykes
which
are
about
at
t.0
feet
O. luriaa.
O. rivularis.
rivularis. Saw state
state dykes
dykes which
which are
are about
about at
at Lj.0
4.0 feet
0.
lurida,
lurlda, 0.
made of
of concrete.
concrete. Chuck
studies going from jap
jap seed obtained
ChUck has growth studies
from
from the
the v,arious
v rious growing
growing ,areas
areas
areas in
in
Japat.
th~
~ri~'1s.
growing
in Japat.
J ap8.'l •
)'oLbtt
/itCLtt
fltatt
scts')r,
(J ...t JJJj,o ~
~ ,?c?C
' 't''
., n l'
c tb Ll •
.
fltOt%
4W't
Ø.J&S4
C.j&Sa
(gj&&
%1t14"""- fW"1\'
Saw Glen
Clem Sargent's nat!ve
native
natlve oyster
oyster
oyster beds
beds (dykes)
(dykes)
(dykes') In
in
in
North
North
Bay(Allyn,
Bay
(Allyn,
Wn.
in North l3ay(Allyn, Wn.)
Wn.))
in which
150 ft
ft by
and of
of the
the self
self fflushflushin
which his
his largest dyke
dyke was
was 1SO
150
ft
by 900
900 fet
fet and
and
of
the
self
lushtng
about 2-3
2-3 feet
feet above
above surrounding
surrounding ground.
ground. Chuck says
says
ing
lng type. Elevated about
aa layer
of
plank
plus
several
layers
of
taI'Paper
and
then
a
layer
of
layer of plank plus several
several layers
layers of
of tarpaper
tarpaper and
and then
thena.
a layer of
shiplap or plywood,
plywood. then
then gravel
gravel on
on top.
top. Lathe racks approximately
These racks
racks
are
enert
4ti.xXXX 1it1i4 feet the
the lath
lath being
being about
about1i
apart. These
racksare
arecccemerit
emenit
the
lath
being
about
L4 inches apart.
t
coatee
on bottom
bottom of
of dyked
dyked area.
area.
coateá
shakes on
eoateá and then laid like shingles or shékes
foreppart
the
flooding
trae
is
raised several
several inches
The forep$ffrt
forep$n't or
or part
part facing
facing the
the flooding
flooding tiae
tiae is
is raised
inches
with a stake. (Z"~~.,.....-1....-1 4:- ('~.~ --:1.
~"
r -.
,
1t1lI"'O"(>J,.;>
L
.
Uses about
about
l/1
Natives set on
on bottom
of lathe racks
racks but
but not
not on
on top.
top. Uses
about1/li.
1/4
bottom of
to 1/3
1/3 of this area
area for
for harvesting
harvesting each
each year.
year. Harvests about
about 300
300 sacks
sacks
per year worth between 20 and
and 30
30 dollars
dollars per
per sack.
sack. Harvests three
three year
oysters. Has no
no drill
d rill problem
problem --- no
no drills.
drills.
(not seen)
Other operator (not
seen) has
has drill problem and has
has to collect spat
spat on
floating cultch. This is
is done
done with
with clait'
claiI'
trays
(agg
dividers)
dippei
claix' trays (dgg dividers) dippe
in cememb.
cememb. Differential set between other
other typos
types of
of cuitch
cultch is
is great.
great.
types
Cememb coat stuff
Cenemb
Is
stuff is
is aa lot
lot better.
better.
gI%.nan tide.
tide.
Ø,'(/fl/
Harvests
Clem
about
sacks
Clern can
Glen
can move
move
move about
about 25
25 sacks
sacks per "t'1¢ItI"t't¢lp'tp'/..man
Ø/X/?!fl/37!%.nan
Ø/X/?!fl/3%.nan
tide.
Can
cull
about
1
sack
per
per 150
150 XX 130
130 ft
ft plot.
plot.
cull about 1 sack per hour.
hour.
300 sacks per
1SO
Harvests in
in three
three years.
years.
(Disregard
former
figures on
on yield.)
yield.)
(Disregard
preservation of
Preservation
of bivalve larvae
larvae by Karriker.
HgCl 2 o.uo
O.
08 grants
grains
u.uci
grams
grants
hUG
Sugar 100
100 grains
Sugar
grams
20 -- 30 o/oo
0100 sea
sea water
water to
to make
make 1000
1000 cc.
cc.
Alkalize to pH
of 10
PH of
formalin 10
10 cc
cc
gar 100 grams
cqnnercial
c
qmmerc
cqmmercial
sugar
grams
.4-& UA.oLtS_fdt .. ~ ,A--fo..
w..o.1:).4-& uA.cs-tS_--
v-"
7:0,30
203t 1'<><>
'0-jc
CQcJ4.e
pfC&.
/0.
4..to
~etJ.~
~ pfC&.
pfffl- '0.
/0,
4
used for
for collection
collection of
of oyster
oyster larvae
larvae In
in Washington
Washington waters
waters
Plankton nets used
in
In
waters
-- Pacifies
20 -Pacifics
12
Natives
12
oyster larvae count
count:
12,000 per
20 gallon
gallon sample.
s~ple.
Native oyster
:: Maximum
Maximum of
of 12,000
per 20
or
55 spat
set.
500 spat
spat per
shells
500
per 100
100 shells
shells or
or 5
spat
spat per
per
per Bhelllcommercial
helllcommercial
helliconnercial set.
Prefer shell
shell to
Prefer
experimental spat.
spat.
to glass
glass for
forcollecting
collectingexperimental
spat.
Dontt
Setting
Setting Index:
Index: Take 12 seasoned
seasoned oyster
oyster shell
shell free
free from
from bottom.
bottom. Don't
ottom or
or top.
top. Count 10 shells to
to get
get average.
average.
dount bottom
bottom
no. spat X
X 100
When 500 then
Aver no.
then commercial
commercial
no.
days in
no. days
In
Theoretically when shell group becomes numerous
numerous and also a good back
back
log qf
comnercial.
qf larvae then setting
setting will be
be commercial.
co~nercial.
=
o
WanCe
out
setting
by
air
temperatures.
ffance Tarter
ffance
Tarter has
has figured
figured out
out native
native setting
setting by
by air
air temperatures.
temperatures.
Check oyster bulletins for
for Vance's
Vance's temp
temp method.
method.
~p~pfptp/~tpptpl
Ø'Ø/Ø%Ø/4$t%i/
Concrete dippThn
dipp~&
critical. Lathe should
should be soaked
before dipping.
dipping.
Concrete
Concrete
dippThng
dippng critical.
critical.
soaked before
wet
whIle
curing
and
put
out
3-5
after
days
after
p~~/~pptt/~~tp~/Kept
while
and
put
out
3-5
days
4fø/S.L/$XM/Kept
set.
concrete has set.
Condition factor of
of oysters:
Condition
oysters:
Total vol
vol minus shell
shell vol
volume of
of meats
This method gives
gives the
relatthe relationship between
between the meat vol
&
& the
the cavity
cavity in
in the
the shell.
In
shell.
is
the future
future
Willapa
Bay.
GeneHaydu
Haydu
Chuck
about the
futurepolution
polution
Bay.
Haydn
Chuckis
is worried
worried about
ofof
Willapa
Bay.
Gene
is
on this.
this. Chuck is very critical
critical of
of the
the intake
intake height
height (plus
(plus
is working on
8.0 feet)
the
feet) of Haydu's
Hayduts water
water forexperiments
forexperinents with
forexperiments
with polution.
olution. Believes the
fiure
fiure
ure
Gene
Gene
Gene
will
will
will
get
get
get
will
will
will
be
be
be
maxinum
maximum
maximum
due
due
due
to
to
to
height
height
height
of
of
of
intake,
Intake,
Intake,
$('/
fi&ure
get
maximum due to height of intake.
is very critical of the intake height (plus
t:tppff
#fJ~#
Experimental
in 191j7
1947
shipment
to
Oregon
from
Japan thru
thru Wash.
Wash.
Experimental seed
seed in
in
19U7
l9t7 shipment
shipment to
to Oregon
Oregon from
from Japan
Wash.
Kumamoto ---10
caseS numbered
numbered 6,7,8,9,10,34,15,18,19.20.
6,7,8,9,10,14,15,18,19.20.
-- 10
10 eases
cases
cases
6,7,8,9,lO,lI,l5,l8,l9.2O.
6,7,8,9,lO,lI,l5,l8,l9.2O.
included 10 more
According to notes by Glud the 1948
l9t8 shipment to Oregon included
19U8
19L8
cases
Kumamoto,
caine
aboard the
S. Oregon Mail.
cases of
of Icumamoto,
Kinuamoto,
Kinuamoto, came
came aboard
aboard
the S.
S. S.
Mail.
of broken regular
regular seed
seed were
were given
given OFC
OFC in
in l9t7.
1947.
Five cases of
19U7.
Look up 1950
19S0 plantings of Kumamoto for Ore growers to find evidence
of 0.
O. rivularis.
of 0. rivularis.
General
survey form
by
Washington Shellfish
Shellfish
Lab.
General survey
survey
form used
used by
by the
the Washington
Washington
Shellfish Lab.
Lab.
"
Oys
ter Survey
Oyster
Date________
Date_______
Date
I
General Area
Sub
Area
Time-o""f"""D""ay~
_
Time
Time
or
or Day________
of
Day________
Sub Area
Sub
Area
Exact
Loc.
Tide
Exact Loc._______
Loc._______
Inspection notes:
---(1)
General
character
of
land
(1) General
(2)
(2) Purpaae
Purpoee of Experiment
Purpose
(J)
Expe
iment
(3)
Expeinent
(3) Expeinent
(4) Conclusitions
(tb)
Conclusition3
(ii.)
(Ii-)
Conclusitions
Conclusition3
(\
Oyster Bay
3 with
with Chuck:
Oyster
Ba~ Septeniher
Se~temher 3
~
Saw
awrs.
VIz's.
i4rs, Bowman's
Bowman's
Bowman'snative
native
native oyster
oyster dykes.
dikes. Water in
in d~kes
dkes
arrival was around
around 710F.
7lOF. Other
Co.'s
in
bay
are lympia
upon arrival
7l0F.
Other Co.
Co.
1s
ts
s in
in this
this bay
bay are
Oys.ter
Oyster
Co.
The dykes
Oyster Company
Company and
and Northcraft
Northcraft Oyster
Oyster Co.
Co. The
dykes were constructed
constructed
creosoted
creosoted 111 inch
inch 1$Ø%
1$Ø%by
by1212inch
inch
2-4
boards.
of 'creosoted
"IP~'t
inchbyby
by2-It.
2-4 ft
ft boards.
boards. MrG.Bovl!llan
Mr$.Bonnan
Mr$.Bowma.n
has been thinking
thiw(ing of fresh water flushing of dykes as a
a control of
the drills. Mrs.
Mrs. Bowmaj
Bovl!llan uses
uses shell
shell for
for coflectihg
collectihg her
her own
own seed.
seed.
Bowman
collectihg
She
Shehas
has 10
10 acres
acres of
of dyked
dyked land.
land. Has harvested 1200 sacks
sacks per year
Last year
at top production. Last
year SOO.
SOO.
Costs$lOOO(ol~ figure)
figure) to
to dyke
dyke
OO.
CostsflOOO(ol
Cost4l0OO(o1
O0.
one acre of
of ground.
ground. Has been
been hand
hand picking
picking drill,
drill!},off'
off area.
area. Has both
7S°,r.4.,.po-..
Xttt7
Tnt and
Uro
but Tnt
Tnt is
is
the
pest. . 75°
7S°P-poXee.vw.ny
Trit
and Uro
Uro but
but
Trit
is the
the pest.
pest•
F""-";P.x.e~J'
.
Conversation regarding
witn Cedric
Cedric
Conversation
regarding with
September 4,
i, 19S2
1,
l%2
Paulsbo Bay. Algae
Algae (lIliva)
Algae
(liliva)
1-4" deep.
September
(lII1va) 1-4"
1i,
19S2 '!,t.'#./rf/J..p.~.
Øf(/f4t{4. Paulabo
1-li)'
deep.
Cedric
Cedric believes the mortality
mortAlity
mortality to
to be
be from
from shifty
shifty sand
sand and.
and drills
drills rather
from algae0
algae. Could not see
see oysters
oysters through
through algae.
algae. This is
is not
than from
the
telling about
Igae took
the place
place Cedric
Cedric was
was telling
about where
where moartality
moartality due to
to aalgae
took
place.
in l912
1942
Cedric has
has survey of clam
clam beds
beds on State
State Reserve
Reserve ground made
made in
by L.
L. R.
R. Donaldosn.
H.
4W
C
I
I
I
I
I
I
&