7a1
MAY 1959
MISCELLANEOUS PAPER 72
Irrigation Efficiency, Consumptive Use,
Certain Soil Characteristics
of the
North Unit, Deschutes Irrigation Project, Oregon
J. A. CURRIE
J. W. WOLFE
L. R. SWARNER
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION • OREGON STATE COLLEGE • CORVALLIS
This is a final report of an investigation made
under a cooperative agreement between the Oregon
Agricultural Experiment Station and the United
States Bureau of Reclamation.
IRRIGATION EPTICIENCT, CONSUMPTIVE USE, AND CERTAIN
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEE NORTH UNIT OF
TM DESCHUTES IRRIGATION PROJECT, OREGON
J. A. Currie, J. W. Wolfe, and L. R. Swarner*
Summary
A field study was made on the North Unit of the Deschutes Irrigation
Project near Madras, Oregon to determine disposition of irrigation water delivered to farms. Total seasonal application, surface runoff, application
efficiency, and consumptive use are reported for 22 farm fields. Farm efficiencies were obtained for six farms.
A supplementary study compared the border method of irrigation with the
corrugation method. Another study correlated consumptive use with pan evaporation. In addition, measurement of certain physical properties of soil were
made on several sites of major soil types.
Introduction
Complete control and regulation of water at all times is essential for
good crop production under successful irrigation. Such control and regulation
should assure an adequate supply of available moisture in the soil throughout
the growing season. Too much water may reduce yields or destroy crops. Even
though the crop is not damaged, over-irrigation causes unnecessary loss of
plant nutrients by leaching and contributes greatly to drainage problems of an
irrigated area.
Most efficient utilization of irrigation water under acceptable methods
of application, cultural practices, and land preparation requires considerable
information. Relationships among soil moisture-holding capacities, intake
rates, length of runs, and width of corrugation spacings must be developed by
actual experimentation or trial on the land.
To determine and demonstrate irrigation principles and practices leading
to more efficient and economic utilization of irrigation water in irrigated
areas of central Oregon, a cooperative memorandum of agreement was drawn up
between the Bureau of Reclamation and Oregon State College. This cooperative
work began in July, 1950, and continued throughout the 1951, 1952, and 1953
irrigation seasons. Although the information developed was applicable to the
entire central Oregon.area as well as to other irrigated areas in the Northwest, most irrigation trials were conducted at locations on the North Unit of
the Deschutes Project as shown on the map on the following page.
This is a summary report of the results of irrigation studies carried
out over the 3-year period.
*Formerly Research Assistant, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Associ-
ate Agricultural Engineer, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, and Agricultural Engineer, Region 1, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE, AREA
The Central Oregon area is comprised of Crook, Deschutes, and Jefferson
Counties. The first irrigation projects in the area were developed in Crook
and Deschutes Counties about 1910. The first water was delivered to' the
North Unit of the Deschutes Project in Jefferson County in 1946. Water was
available for the entire North Unit in 1949 for the first. time.
Much of the area is a semiarid intermountain plain, sloping from eleva-'
tions of around. 3600 feet in the South to about 2300 feet in the North. The
growing season is approximately 130 days in length. The whole area is underlain by lava formations.
In general soils are of shallow depth and may contain considerable
quantities of pumice. Soils, especially on the North Unit of the Deschutes
Project, are underlain by a gray conglomeratic-like caliche hardpan of variable thickness, which grades into semi-cemented basalt fragments, then into
basalt rock. Internal drainage in the soils is impeded and in many cases
entirely stopped by this hardpan.
Predominate crops of the Central Oregon area are potatoes and clover
seed, but grains and alfalfa for hay occupy considerable acreages. Many
farmers have small livestock enterprises, especially in older irrigated'areas.
Table 1. Irrigated Acreages on Various Tributaries of and on the Deschutes
River in the Central Oregon Experimental Area.
Stream or River
Acreage
Crooked River
Deschutes River
Paulina Creek
Squaw Creek
Lake Creek
Trout Creek
Willow Creek
55,492
111,658
503
14,680
394
4,507
230
Total
187,464
Soil Type Acreages Under Irrigation
Table 2 shows irrigated acreage of each soil type by slopes and the
percentage each soil type is of the total irrigated acreage. The main types
in descending order are Madras loam, Madras sandy loam, Metolius sandy loam,
Agency loam, Era sandy loam, Agency sandy loam, and Lamonta loam. This break
down is only for the North Unit of the Deschutes Project. Adequate information
was not available for calculations in Deschutes County.
Soil Characteristics
Moisture equivalent, 15-a mosphere percentage and volume weight soil
characteristics were determined for the predominant soil types. The characteristics are listed in detail in Appendix Table 1. Volume weights for the
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most part are uniform and vary little from the standard 1.3 used for average
arable soils. Moisture equivalents varied somewhat, with differences mainly
between surface soil and clayey subsoils. Little difference is noted between loams and sandy loams. Surface depth moisture equivalents ranged from
16 to 27% with an average somewhere near 24% and clayey subsoils gave some
values as high as 40%. Values for the I5-atmosphere determination varied in
the same relative magnitudes as the moisture equivalents. An average value
would probably be about 12% with subsoils somewhat higher. In general soils
sampled in Deschutes County were not as heavy in the subsoil area. Surface
values for both determinations were secured throughout the profile.
Weather Records
The Madras weather station is located in a depression or drainage
channel approximately 200 feet lower in elevation than the surrounding farm
area. Many people thought the weather records were not representative of
the farming area. However, records from the Metolius station four miles
southwest of Madras and from the airport station two miles north do not seem
to indicate any great climatic variations. A study being conducted by the
Weather Bureau may at a later time show some significant variation.
Wind and evaporation measurements were made at the airport station tn
1952 and 1953. No attempt was made to average the values.
Average rainfall for the May through September growing season is 2.70
inches. Average monthly temperature. varies from a low of 52 degrees in May
to a high of 66 degrees in July. Wind movement is greatest in spring and
lowest in October. Evaporation is greatest in July when nearly 10 inches
evaporates. Table 3 gives monthly totals or averages. Daily fluctuations
are plotted in Figures 2 and 3.
Table 3. Temperature, Wind, Rain, and Evaporation for 1952-1953, measured
at Madras and at Madras Airport.
Madras Airport
1952
Madras
Average
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Temp.
degrees
Rain
inches
29.7
34.6
40.9
46.2
1.09
0.69
0.64
0.63
o.86
0.70
0.20
52.6
59.5
66.5
64.2
56.8
48.o
38.2
31.5
1953
Wind
Wind
0.28
0.66
0.65
1.30
1.10
Miles
per month
Evap.
inches
Miles
per month
2432
2128
5.81
7.13
6.69
9.87
8.14
6.14
3.48
2278
1851
1937
1623
1531
2019
1832
1713
1565
1146
4
1990
1280
Evap.
inches
3.82
5.45
6.12
10.7)1
7.81
6.26
2.51
Terms and Formulas Used
1.
Field water application efficiency (percent):
Water stored in the soil during irrigation, as
determined from soil moisture samples plus that
moisture calculated as used during irrigation
x 1 00
Water delivered to the field.
2.
Farm water application efficiency (percent):
Water stored in soil during irrigation, as
determined from soil moisture samples plus that
moisture calculated as used during irrigation
x 100
Water delivered to the farm.
3.
Consumptive use:
Consumptive use is the quantity of water, in
inches per acre, absorbed by the crop and transpired or used directly in the building of plant
tissue, together with that evaporated from the
soil surface.
Conversion of percent moisture to inches of water:
Percent moisture x volume weight x inches of soil
sampled = inches of water in the depth of soil
sampled.
Procedures
Sampling of Soils and Determination of Soil Moisture Percentages
Soil moisture samples were obtained with a 1-inch King tube. Samples
were taken at three depths, 0 to 6 inches, 6 to 12 inches, and 12 inches to
hardpan. At least two cores were composited to make a sample. Samples obtained before and after the irrigation season were\taken from random locations
over the whole field being sampled. During the irrigation season samples were
taken before and after each irrigation. At each irrigation the portion of
field being irrigated in one "set" of water was divided arbitrarily into an
upper, middle, and lower third and separate composite samples were taken from
each portion. Data obtained were averaged for each sampling depth. On exceptionally long or short runs, fields were divided into quarters or halved as
sampling areas for each set of water. Samples were dried at least 24 hours in
a forced draft "Precision" Thelco Oven at 105 degrees Centigrade.
Consumptive Use Calculations
Total consumptive use consists of three separately determined values.
First is the quantity determined from soil moisture sampling after one irri
gation and before the next. Second is the quantity calculated for the period
during irrigation, from the daily use determination after irrigation. Third
is the moisture added as rain during the periods between irrigations. Any
rain which fell during an irrigation is omitted.
Insofar as possible the before-irrigation samples were obtained immediately prior to the time water was placed on a particular "set" in the field.
The after-irrigation samples were taken as soon as the soil had drained so
it could be walked upon. The moisture content of the soil at the time the
field could be walked upon without miring down is, in this report, considered
the field capacity. On most-fields, during the hot days of summer, field
capacity was reached in about 24 hours after irrigation was completed. During
cooler weather, early and late in the irrigation season, up to 96 hours were
required for field capacity to be reached.
Water Measurements
Water flow measurements were made by means of weirs and water stage
recorders. Cipolletti weirs were used to measure farm delivery flow. Field
and set runoff measurements were obtained with portable "V"-notch (90 degree)
rectangular, and trapezoidal (Cipolletti) weirs. Application heads at the
farm turnout were found to be nearly constant. Because of that and the small
number of instruments available, stage recorders with few exceptions were
used primarily in measurement of runoff flow. Where possible, weirs were set
in runoff ditches and left for the season. Semi-permanent supports for water
stage recorders were set up at these runoff weirs. However, the instruments
themselves were not left permanently in one location, but were moved from
place to place as needed.
Nine water stage recorders were used. Five were Stevens type E, using
48-hour charts. One was a Stevens type L with an 8-day chart. The remaining
three instruments were Freiz type F W with 24-hour, 4-day, and 8-day chart
time intervals. All instruments performed satisfactorily, but-the Stevens
type E was found to be superior for the completely portable water measurement
set-up.
Flows over the various weirs were so variable that it was necessary to
integrate all of the recorder charts by finding the average head for short
periods of time. Planimeter integration of the recorder charts from the
Cipolletti and rectangular weirs was used in 1951.
Some difficulty was encountered in measuring runoff water. All ditches
had sufficient head for proper operation of weirs. Only rarely did weedclogged ditches cause submerged weir conditions and then only until the weeds
were removed. Co-efficients determined by Clemens Herschel, as described in
the Bureau of Reclamation "Manual for Measurement of Irrigation Water," were
used to integrate the recorder charts for any submerged weir conditions.
6
Moisture Equivalent and 15-Atmosphere Percentage
Samples for moisture equivalent and 15-atmosphere percentage determinations were taken from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12-inch to hardpan depths.
Sampling locations were selected at random in various fields or plots. A
3-inch orchard auger was used to secure samples. Material from two borings
10 to 12 feet apart was composited to make one sample. Samples were airdried 0 bagged, and sent to the Soils Department of Oregon State College where
determinations were made. The 15-atmosphere percentage was determined by
Richard's pressure plate apparatus.
Volume Weight
The modified Pomona sampler, obtained from the Utah Scientific Research
Foundation, was employed to obtain samples for volume weight determinations.
Cores secured with, the Pomona sampler were 2 inches in diameter and 1 1/2
inches long. Sampling was done in the same random locations selected for
moisture equivalent and 15-atmosphere percentage sampling. At least two
locations in each field were selected. The soil profile was sampled at 3-inch
depth intervals at, each sampling location. Samples were oven-dried at 105
degrees Centigrade. Results of the 3-inch depth determinations for each farm
were averaged to give 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12-inch to hardpan depths. Average
volume weights were used in converting soil moisture percentages to inches
depth of water. Cores taken were carefully checked for rocks. None were
found which would alter the results--even in the second decimal place.
Crop Yields
Crop yields were obtained on the whole field basis. All hay harvested
from fields in these studies was baled, and a bale weight average for the
field was secured by weighing a sample number of bales at each cutting of hay.
Grain was handled in bulk and total weight at time of marketing or bin measurements were secured. Each 2.19 acre plot in the irrigation method comparison
study was treated as a separate field and harvested with a self-propelled
combine. The portion of the field not included in the plots was harvested
first. All adjustments to the combine were made in the portion of the field
not occupied by plots. Seed from each plot was bagged, weighed, and cleaned
separately at the seed cleaning plant. Before entering the first plot and at
completion of harvest on each plot, the combine was cleaned as thoroughly as
possible.
Selection of Farms for Study
Farms were selected on the basis of soil uniformity and water measurement facilities. Considerable time was spent on farms selected from soil map
studies to further confirm soil consistency. The farm layout and irrigation
procedure were carefully checked to make, sure various water measurements would
be possible. Portable and semi-permanent weirs and stage recorders were established within the farmer's system. The farmer's permission for and acceptance
of the structures and many soil, samplings were carefully determined. Close
cooperation was necessary throughout the entire season between farmer and technician.
7
Results and Discussion
A summary of data from twenty-two fields is presented it Table 4. The
figures in this table are seasonal totals or averages, and are taken from the
more complete presentation in Appendix Table 2.
Total application ranged from 20 inches to 174 inches, whereas consumptive use ranged from 14 to a maximum of 34 inches. The water applied in
excess of the consumptive use requirement left the field as deep percolation
or as surface runoff. Considering the mean of the figures for all fields,
only 39% of the water applied was stored for consumptive use ) 46% was lost
as surface runoff, and the remainder was presumed lost to deep percolation.
Seasonal consumptive use was highest for pasture and lowest for potatoes
and wheat. Alfalfa and clover consumptive use were close enough to that for
pasture that differences could have been due to error.
Peak consumptive use rates show a wide variation ) indicating a possible
failure of the sample values to represent the average field conditions. The
high value for potatoes could be questioned on the basis that the sampling
error would be spread over fewer days, thus raising the per day error. On
the other hand, high consumptive use is known to be associated with frequent
irrigations. The peak rate for pasture could be questioned because of the
large difference between the two measurements. It could also be questioned
whether or not the peak rate of alsike clover would consistently be so much
lower than ladino and kenland. The mean peak use rates for ladino clover
and for wheat are considered good estimates for the corresponding mean length
of use period because of the greater number of fields measured. None of the
data have been subjected to statistical analysis.
Overall farm irrigation efficiencies were obtained on six farms with
the following results: Harris, 35.2%; Short -Johnson, 39. ; Brewer, 49%;
Drazil-Griffin, 41%; Kizer, 37.6%; Greenwood, 3 . The average of these six
is 40%. Only the last four of these six are represented in the field summary
in Table 4. The average of these four farm efficiencies is 41.4%. This compares with the 39% average of the respective field efficiencies. It is believed that the apparent difference in these values can be attributed to the
re-use of waste water by applying the runoff from one field onto another field
on the same farm.
Appendix Table 2 contains the principal results of this investigation,
not all of which have been thoroughly discussed.
Supplementary Studies
Comparison of Border Strip and Corrugation Methods of Irrigation
It is a common practice of farmers on the North Unit to irrigate fields
by means of corrugations. Even large relatively flat fields are irrigated
without the aid of border strips to confine heads of water to relatively
narrow strips. Often the corrugations become filled with sediment,. or,
especially in clover fields, obstructedby plant leaves or other plant debris,
causing the streams of water to leave the corrugations and resulting in wildflooding. In efforts to moisten the whole soil surface and to irrigate all
Table 4.Disposition of Water Applied to 22 Fields Seasonal Totals or'Averages
Length
of
Peak Use
Seasonal
period
Rate
Application Consumptive Seasonal
Application Runoff Efficienc yUse between irrigations, of peak use
Days
Inches/day
Inches
Inches
%
%
Crop
Mean
74
66
53
47
104
68.8
Mean
36
24
28
40
26
26
20
28.6
Ladino
Wheat
Alfalfa
Mean
Mean
Grand Mean
8
22
10
. 9
13
12.4
50
40
41
14.0
17.8
17.4
26.7
18.3
16.6
17.1
18.3
0.22
0.24
0.32
0.30
0.26
0.17
21
32
39.7
28
45
47
48
45
35
62
44.3
73
31
52.0
13
50
31.5
38
48
19
0.38
0.22
0.30
7
38
22.5
46
28.0
0.29
10
34.1
26.3
30.2
0.56
0.18
43.0
22
41
31.5
'0.37
5
15
10
63
35
43
47.0
71
55
42
56.0
20
44.
40
34.7
17.1
17.3
18.1
17.50
0.47
3
0.50
0.40
0.457
3
17
7.7
27
49
38
45 '
33
39
48
42
45
20.2
24.8
22.50
0.19
0.24
0.215
11
18
55
46
39
22.9
174
43
108.5
Alsike
0.40
0.31
0.33
0.27
0.32
__-0.326
25.1
26.2
25.7
151
40
95.5
Pasture
Mean
32.3
26A
29.8
26.8
22.7
27.6
0.266
51
Potatoes
36
34
50
45
24
37.8
17
15
15
30
14
18.7
Kenland
Mean
51
51
53
51
51
51.4
49
24
42
9
94z
14.5
portions of their fields under these conditions, farmers may allow water to
flow for periods as long as 48 hours with much subsequent runoff, or they may
greatly increase the size of stream on a small area to "force" water over obstructions, resulting also in much runoff.
In irrigating by the border strip method, water is confined to a relatively narrow portion of a field and not allowed to flood land outside the area
intended to be irrigated. Large streams of water are used so that the entire
strip is flooded and moisture in infiltrated over the entire soil surface.
When confined in this manner, the stream of water will usually flow over and
wet a given area of land in less time than is required when attempts are made
to irrigate through filled or obstructed corrugations. The border strip method
usually calls for more frequent changes of sets than the corrugation method.
The number of irrigations is also sometimes increased by use of border strips
if infiltration is slow. For these reasons some increase in labor is required-an argument against the border strip method in the opinions of North Unit operators.
To study the relative efficiencies of the two methods, comparison of the
border strip and corrugation methods was continued on the same field of the
Chester Luelling farm in 1951, 1952, and 1953. The plots'were selected at
random across the portion of the field available for studies.
Border strips were laid out after a rough topographic survey had been
made to determine slope, direction of flow, and width of each border strip.
Factors entering into choice of border strip spacings were: amount of side
fall, size of stream of water available, size of stream that could be applied
without causing excessive erosion. Borders or dikes were prepared by the
farmer who also performed all tillage operations.
The corrugations were irrigated in the manner determined best for this
field. Runoff was kept to a minimum and inspection of runoff stage recorder
charts indicated that runoff at each irrigation was just at the peak, or had
not reached the peak when irrigation was stopped on the corrugations. In
irrigating border strips one second foot of water was considered the proper
head to get the best distribution in 30-foot strips. This head was allowed
to run until it was estimated that the advance would irrigate the remaining
portion of the strip. Corrugation spacing was 24 inches.
Results
Irrigation efficiency on the border strip method was higher than on the
corrugation method throughout the three-year.study. The values for each are
60, 88, and 94% on the border strips and 47, 55, and 73% on the corrugations.
Runoff percentage varied from 6 to 13% of the total application on the strips
and 23 to 31% on the corrugations. The 1953 results are shown in detail in
Appendix Table 2.
Results indicate that under certain conditions a change in irrigation
method could save water.
Pan Evaporation vs. Consumptive Use
Measurements of evaporation of water from small pans or other devices
is being used in some places as an estimate of consumptive use of crops. If
10
a high correlation is obtained between these two factors, measurement of evaporation can be used to predict when and how much to irrigate. The consumptive
use data from this project has been correlated with evaporation from standard
class A weather bureau pan at the Madras 2N station. The results appear in
Figures 4 through 11.
Each point on each one of these graphs represents a consumptive use
measurement between two irrigations. Usually the points which represent high
values of evaporation and consumptive use were measured either early or late
in the season. Because the irrigation intervals during most of the season
were of approximately equal length there are many points clustered in a small
area on most of the graphs.
Some of the graphs show a fairly large group of points at some distance
from the line of regression. Whenever these groupings could be identified
with rainfall characteristics, the identification has been shown on the graph;.
Because some of the fields measured were located several miles from the weather
station it is believed that some of the rains recorded at the weather station
would not have been recorded at the field in the same amount. Had the rain
been measured at each field it is believed that higher correlation coefficients
would have been obtained on most of the regression lines.
Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9650 to 0.5934. They were computed for the following crops, listed in order of decreasing correlation coefficients: alfalfa, pasture, alsike r!.lover, kenland clover, ladino clover,
wheat, and potatoes. Each of the perennial crops showed a higher correlation
coefficient than any of the annual crops.
The results of this study appear promising, especially for alfalfa,
pasture, and alsike clover. On alfalfa, for instance, the regression line
indicates that when three inches of water have been evaporated from the pan,
the consumptive use has been almost two inches. If the crop is growing on a
soil which will permit the removal of 2 inches of water without reducing
yield, irrigation can be applied at this time. Assuming an irrigation
efficiency of 50%, a 4-inch application of water would be sufficient. These
results app ear to warrant further investigation.
11
APPENDIX
12
Appendix Table 1.
Soil Characteristics.
Wilting
Point
Volume
Weight
22.72
26.17
34.39
21.40
22.35
29.83
10.76
13.85
20.37
10.04
11.51
17.74
1.39
1.15
1.32
1.27
1.23
1.22
0-6
6-12
12-25
21.44
25.66
29.21
11.13
14.18
16.56
1.30
1.26
1.27
9-6
6-12
12-24
21.62
23.27
27.58
10.51
11,90
14.90
1.39
1.37
1,31
0-6
6-12
12-21
21.82
24.91
33.60
11.98
13.94
19.20
1.27
1.20
1.44
0-6
22.40
23.53
24.70
10.56
11.04
12.77
1.39
1.36
1,32
Farm
Location
Madras
Ellis
S.E.4
0-6
Loam
Kiser
N.W.4
6-12
12-23
0-6
6-12
12-23
and
S. W.4
N.E.4
Sec.8
T.10S
R.14E
Moisture
Equivalent
15-atm%
Soil
Depth
Inches
6-12
12-29
Madras
Chester
S.W.4
0-6
Loam
Luelling
N.W.4
Sec.27
T.9S
R.13E
6-12
12-27
18.07
18.43
16.50
8.10
8.37
7.57
1.24
1,27
1.37
0-6
6-12
12-23
23.70
22.69
21.88
9.46
9.85
9.77
1.21
1.26
1.31
0-6
6-12
12-21
20.33
21.64
23.58
10.0
9.5
10,8
1.29
1.23
1.17
0-6
6-12
12-21
21.10
22.08
25.31
10.2
10.0
12.6
1.30
1.24
1.16
0-6
6-12
12-24
19.50
20.74
27.10
10.0
10.8
16,4
1.22
1.16
1.20
11.30
12.01
13.33
1.37
1.44
Lydy
S.E.4 NE4 First ft. 3 0. 25
Sec 28
Second ft 22.74
T9S
Hardpan 21.85
R13E
13
Depth
Moisture
Equivalent
Wilting
Point
Volume
Soil
Farm
Location
Inches
1 ,Atm
Weight
Madras
Loam
Harris
NE4 NE4
Sec 15
T 10S
R 134
First ft.24.42
13.28
15.09
13.12
11.01
11.75
1.40
1033
1,31
1.39
10,2
1.421.24
1.24
26,01
23.63
22.18
23.65
0-6
6-9
23.08
25,99
9-17
27.33
17-20
0-6
6-11
11-23
0-6
6-12
26.84
22.71
24.58
26.04
22.89
23.16
12.3
14.2
13.2
10.6
11.5
12.4
11.6
11.2
12-16
23.14
10.6
1,50
16-30
23.01
11.0
1.54
1.29
1.51
1.37
1.39
1,35
1.51
LeachCorwin
SE4 SE4
Sec 9
T 123
R 13E
First ft
Second ft
First ft
Second ft
First ft
Second ft
Hardpan
18.60
20,99
19.83
21.65
21.67
23.18
29.23
10.81
13.68
10.94
11.53
12.37
14.32
1.29
1037
1.28
1.33
1.37
1.23
Clovers
NE4 NE4
Sec 28
First ft 23.41
Second ft 27.37
Hardpan 29.78
First ft 25.00
Second ft 27.07
Hardpan .23.43
11,82
13.36
1029
11.54
13.59
11.08
1.41
1.41
22.39
26.18
10.68
14.29
21.51
1.34
1.36
1.36
T9S
Madras
Second ft
First ft.
Second ft
Hardpan
Dean
King
S.W.4
Sec.10
T.11S
R.13E
0-6
6-12
12-21
36.35
6-12
12-24
21.70
29.57
32.64
0-6
21.79
6-12
12-23
0-6
6-12
12-18
0-6
1.30
16.55
11.38
1,28
16.81
19.97
1.20
1.23
26.42
28.50
11.36
14.02
16.53
1.33
1.19
1.26
23.12
25.05
28.27
11.08
13.65
16.03
1.23
1.25
1.20
Depth
Inches
Wilting
Moisture
Equivalent Point
15 Atm%
%
0-6
6-12
12-17
17-20
0-6
6-12
12-18
18-22
22-26
25.26
25.00
26.85
29.09
25.52
27.60
27.86
31.88
36.47
11.86
11.66
16.02
17.80
12.17
14.80
15.86
20.21
25.21
1.47
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.41
1.40
1.41
SE4 NW4
Sec.17
T 12 S
R 14 E
0-8
8-16
16-22
0-8
8-16
16-22
Hardpan
25.87
39.03
38.99
26.52
44.53
43.85
35.96
13.49
25.92
26.36
13.14
32.62
33.66
23.20
1.22
1.17
ShortJohnson
W2 NW4
Sec.17
T 12 S
R 13 E
0-6
6-12
12-24
0-6
6-15
15-24
0-6
6-14
14-22
0-6
6-12
12-20
0-6
6-11
11-16
16-20
0-6
6-9
9-25
11.6
13.6
14.5
12.2
12.8
13.7
11.3
12.6
13.1
11.2
12.5
19.7
10.7
11.3
18.6
22.9
11.6
16.0
16.0
1.43
1.14
1.14
1.43
1.26
1.38
1.39
1.32
1.28
1.45
1.35
1.28
1.29
1.45
1.44
1.24
1.37
1.29
1.16
Barber
NW4 SE4
Sec.18
T 12 S
R 13 E
First ft 24.29
Second ft 30.25
First ft 25.76
Second ft 30.85
13.13
17.00
13.39
18.14
1.44
1.36
1.55
1.35
LuteBarber
SW 4
Sec.18
T 12 S
R 13 E
0-6
6-12
12-21
0-6
6-13
13-29
10.5
11.2
12.0
11.2
11.1
11.7
1.30.
1.30
1.28
1,40
1.38
1.25
Coed
SW4 SE4
Sec. 21
T 13 8
R 13 E
Upper 4 ft 22.53
Upper 4 ft 19.16
11.82
9.10
1.37
1.33
Soil
Farm
Location
Madras
Sandy
Loam
Jim
Brooks
SW4 5E4
Seo.15
T 10 S
R 13 E
Duling
42A
Metolius
Sandy
Loam
60A
Metolius
Sandy
Loam
22.73
25.55
26.11
22.87
24.35
26.30
21.06
24.40
25.39
22.45
24.73
24.95
29.17
23.37
23.98
28.56
24.76
30.60
30.57
22.59
23.26
25.83
22.42
22.87
25.00
Volume
Weight
-
1.23
1.17
-
Depth
Inches
Wilting
Moisture
Equivalent Point
15 Atm%
Volume
Weight
Soil
Farm
Location
Metolius
Sandy
Loam
William
E. Wood
N.E.4
S.W.4
Sec.3
T.12.8
R.13E
0-6
6-12
12-48
27.48
26.40
22.88
11.22
10.90
9.47
1.09
1.12
1.04
Frank
Crocker
S.E.4
N.W.4
Sec.10
T.12S
R.13E
0-6
6-12
12-46
26.98
25.31
24.40
13.12
12.14
11.36
1.18
1.24
1.17
Jerry
Drazil
Lot 4
0-6
Sec 18
6-12
T12S R13E 12-32
19.39
18.84
20.77
8.34
9.15
8.82
1.29
1.38
1.45
0-6
6-12
12-32
21.39
20.75
24.62
9.38
9.40
11.72
1.20
1.26
1.35
0-6
6-12
12-34
19.08
20.28
22.41
9.29
10.80
9.59
1.24
1.32
1.43
Lots 1 & 2 0-6
Sec. 3
6-12
T128 R13E 12-22
18 .76
23.74
30.51
9.37
12.32
16.90
1.40
1.35
1.22
0-6
6-12
12-20
19.06
25.69
29.38
9.40
13.55
16.01
1.47
1.26
1.34
0-6
6-12
12-28
19.99
26.12
35.62
9.24
13.72
20.86
1.29
1.30
1.27
0-6
6-12
12-24
21.49
21,76
22.72
10.32
10.94
11.41
1.42
1.41
1.52
0..6
6-12
12-26
20.51
22.94
26.20
9.79
11.17
13.03
1.37
1.34
1.34
0-6
6-12
12-24
18.08
18.97
27.27
8.57
9.12
14.21
1.53
1.31
1.42
0-6
6-12
12-30
21.02
23.08
24.89
14.57
17.68
19.24
1.37
1.41
1.21
Metolius
Sandy
Loam
Agency
Sandy
Loam
Greenwood
& Sons
Wilting
Moisture
Equivalent Point
Volume
15 Atm%
Weight
11.93
1.36
25.63
25.09
R 13 E Above Hardpan 26.01
32.23
Hardpan
0-6
24.38
26.06
6-12
28.57
12-18
28.37
18-20
13.48
13.04
13.52
19.00
11.81
13.08
13.46
15.10
1.39
1027
N.E.4
N.E.4
0 -6
17.03
8.16
1.37
6-12
17.86
8.24
1.44
Sec.9
12-30
18.32
8.25
1.42
5.W.4
S.W.4
0-6
6-12
21.90
23.46
10.58
1.36
Sec.36
T.9.3
R.13E
12-18
26.10
11.82
14.41
1.40
1.34
S.E.4
N.E.4
0-6
6-12
20.90
21.68
9.94
1.09
Seca
T.30.S
E.13E
12-22
19.07
10.22
8.70
1,12
1.04
0-6
6-12
T12S R13E 12-24
Depth
Soil.
Farm
Location.
Irches
Agency
Sandy
'AilingBarber
SE4 SW4
Sec, 8
0-6
6-12
T 12 S
12-24
Loam.
Agency
Sandy
A.
Ramsey
Loam.
J
23.69
-
1.31
1.40
1.40
-
T.10.s
R.135
L. A.
Bailey
George
Clovers
Agency
Floyd
Ni SW4
26.79
9.56
1.36
Loam
Brewer
Sec 15
31.50
33.36
11.]1
13.08
1.33
1.36
12-24
25.18
27.11
27.22
11.60
13.21
15.46
1.39
1.31
0-6
24.98
6-12
24.69
27.31
14.03
13.37
14.74
1.50
1.31
1028
6-12
12-30
21.09
20.24
20.59
10.69
10.40
1.33
1.36
S.W.4
N.W.4
Sec.15
T.12S
R.13E
0-6
6-12
23.38
24.02
12-34
25.17
12.36
12.99
12.42
1.35
1.24
1.23
N.W.4
S.W.4
Sec.15
T.12S
R.13E
0-6
22.70
23.53
35.70
11.34
11.47
21.80
1.47
1.34
1.36
0-6
6-12
12-26
0-6
Agency
Loam
Guy
Corwin
W. V.
Merchant
6-12
12-27
17
11.04
1.42
1.34
Depth
Inches
Agency
Loam
Agency
Gravely
Gibson-
Corwin
Short
Johnson
Loam
Moisture
Equivalent
Wilting
Point
1 Atm
Volume
13.44
1.42
1.39
1.30
1.24
SW4 NW4
Sec. 15
0-14
14-26
25.73
30.07
T 12 S
R 13 E
0-18
18-36
Hardpan
26-32
23.32
22.97
33.45
17.43
11.81
10.98
18.38
W2 1/44
Sec 17
0-6
6-12
23.86
12.2
1128
R13E
12-20
0-6
6-12
12-23
27.36
26.70
14.6
14.0
23.96
12.1
28.51
28.01
14.7
15.9
0-6
6-12
12-36
17.01
16.76
14.04
9.80
9.68
7.75
1.25
1,20
1.18
0-6
6-12
12-36
16.00
17.48
21.42
8.32
7.88
9.82
1.39
1.32
1028
0-6
6-12
12-35
23.08
24.00
36.70
11.88
12.75
20.97
1.38
1.20
1,20
A. B. Cook S.W.4
N.E.4
Sec.22
T.128
R.13E
0-6
6-12
12-18
25.12
28.88
41.08
14.22
16.04
26.85
1,43
1.33
1.16
Era
Fred
0-6
Sandy
Silver
10.48
13.10
24.47
1.39
1.25
1.28
11.88
12.75
20.92
1.33
1.25
1.38
Lamonta
Loam
N.W.4
H. P.
Woodworth S.W.4
Sec.14
T.128
R.13E
Lamonta
Grover
N.E.4
Loam
Douglas
N.W.4
Sec.27
T.128
R.13E
Loam
S.W.4
6-12
Sec.4
T.128
R.13E
12-20
20.53
24.93
37.04
0-6
6-12
12-35
23.08
24.00
36.70
S.W.4
18
Soil
Farm
Florian
Redmond
Sandy
Meng
Loam (deep phase)
Deschutes
Sandy
Loam
William
Greene
Location
Wilting
Moisture
Equivalent Point
1 Atm
Depth
Inches
Volume
Wei ht
E2 NW2
0-6
6-12
Sec 4
T11S R14E 12-60+
23.74
31.18
34.14
10.29
17.57
17.54
1.24
1,23
1.18
0-6
6-12
12-60+
22.14
33.02
40.66
9.64
17.49
20.93
1.05
1.18
1,08
0-6
6-12
T1OS R14E 12-48
19.57
26.97
27.48
9.31
11.31
12.14
1.13
1.02
1.11
0-6
6-12
12-48
23.54
27.95
27.93
10.28
11.68
11.68
1.17
1.22
1.15
SW4 SW4
Sec 33
Deschutes
Sandy
Loam
Redmond
SW4 SE4
Fairgrounds Sec 16
T15S R13E
0-6
0-6
12-30
18.69
17.70
16.85
7.25
7,29
6.99
1.22
1.27
1.24
Deschutes
Sandy
Loam
Hostetler
NE4 NE4
Sec. 31
T15S R13E
0-6
6-12
12-26
17.02
15.48
16.37
6.09
5.48
6.23
1,26
1.32
1.39
Deschutes
Loamy
Sand
Cole
NE4 NE4
Sec. 6
T15S R11E
0-6
6-12
12-24
16.69
15.66
15.99
6.50
6.66
6.57
1.16
1.36
1.43
SW4 SW4
Sec 5
T15S RUE
0-6
6-12
12-42
11,23
11.37
11.53
4.40.
4.80
4.82
1.53
1.41
1.48
Deschutes
Griswold
Coarse Sandy
Loam
Deschutes
Loamy
Sand
Unknown
0-6
6-12
T16S R12E 12-22
15.25
15.16
14.88
5.41
5.87
6.47
1.13
1.31
1.32
Redmond
Sandy
Loam
Unknown
SE4 SE4
0-6
Sec 13
6-12
T14S R13E 12-36
20.58
20.22
19.78
8.75
8.62
8.33
1.18
1.23
1.33
Unclassed
Clifford
Dickson
Powell
Butte
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Lewie
Stahancyk
Prineville
NE4 NE4
Sec 28
0-18
18-24
0-18
18-24
0-7
7-27
27-36
27-37
18.02
18.18
17.99
18.10
20.28
36.86
20.26*
32.89ff
0-13
13-20
20-0
19
10.3
9.7
10.0
9.5
10.2
21.1
10.9
20.8
17.19
9.5
24.92
18.30
12.2
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