Progress
in Slow Sand and
Alternative Biofiltration Processes
Further
Developments and
Applications
Edited By
Nobutada Nakamoto, Nigel Graham, M. Robin Collins and Rolf Gimbel
Contents
Preface
xi
xiii
Conference programme advisory panel
Part i
1
General Overview
Slow Sand Filtration: Recent Research and
Application Perspectives
3
N.J.D. Graham and M. R. Collins
2
A Review of
Biologically-Based Drinking Water Treatment Processes for
Organic Micropollutant Removal
R. S.
3
Summers,
K. Shimabuku and T. L.
Zearley
Overview on the Current Condition of Slow Sand Filtration and its
in
17
Challenges
25
Japan
S. Yamamura
4
The
Centenary Slow Sand Filtration in Nagoya City
Trend of Water Quality
-
A 100 Year
35
K. Mori
5
The
Centenary Slow Sand Filtration
in
Nagoya City
-
The Reconstruction
of the Slow Sand Filters
A.
6
45
Okuyama
Value of Adenosine
Tri-Phosphate and Total Cell Count for the Assessment
Quality after Sand Filtration
of General Microbial Water
A.
7
Magic-Knezev,
L. Zandvliet, W.A. Oorthuizen and E.J.
Evaluation of Dissolved
E.
Vasyukova,
van
Organic Matter Fractions Removal Due to Biodegradation
R. Proft and W. UN
51
derMark
59
vi
8
Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes
Comparison between Different Filter Systems as
after Tertiary Ozonation
M. Stapf, U. Miehe, B. Wiedemann and M. Jekel
Part II
9
Slow Sand Filtration
Food Chain is the
Key
in
a
Post Treatment
67
Process Behaviour
-
Ecological Purification System: New Concept and
New Name of Slow Sand Filter
77
N. Nakamoto
10
A
Study of Protistan Movement Speed and
as an Ecological Purification System
Filtration Rate in Slow Sand
Filter
85
N. Iwase and N. Nakamoto
11
12
Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in Slow Sand Filtration
Bed on Different Region and Soil Depth by PCR-DGGE Method
K. Seike, M. Eguch and K. Ueno
91
Gut Bacterial Floras of
97
J.
13
Takeuchi,
The
Aquatic Invertebrates Inhabiting
Slow Sand Filter Beds
Y. Zhao and R. Tanaka
Functioning
of
Biological
Slow Sand Filtration in Relation to
the Presence and the Role of Annelids in the Schmutzdecke
103
G. H. Wubbels, J.H. Bruins, M. Bosman and D. vd Woerdt
14
The
H.
15
Schmutzdecke
T.
16
Inhibitory Effect of Tubificid on Head Loss in Slow Sand Filtration
Sugino, S. Nakamasu, T. Komatsu and S. Takano
Development and Treated Water Quality
111
121
Sugimoto
The Silicon Circulation
Purification
Hypothesis
based on Slow Sand
Filtration/Ecological
System
131
S. Inoue and Y. Mochizuki
17
Effect of Sudden
Changes of Slow Sand Filtration Rate
on
Number of Bacteria and Particles in Effluent
W.A.
Part III
18
Oorthuizen, A.
Slow Sand Filtration
-
Treatment Performance
Slow Sand Filtration Process Model for Removal of
J.F.
Schijven,
W.A.M.
19
Magic-Knezev
H.J.J, van den
Hijnen,
Removal of
A.
135
and F. Cui
Microorganisms
141
M. Colin, Y.
Berg,
Dullemont,
Magic-Knezev, W. Oorthuizen and G. Wubbels
Anti-lnflamatory Compounds by Ecological Filtration
Tangerino, W.D. Isique andLC Campos
147
CM. Erba, E.P.
20
Removal of
K.
Bromophenols by Slow Sand Filtration
Katayama-Hirayama, H. Suzuki, N. Toda, A. Tauch, A. Fujioka, T. Akitsu,
H. Kaneko and K.
21
The Iron and
Hirayama
Manganese
Habitats and Functions
K.
Kaya
153
and J. Takeuchi
Removal Process: Its Microbial
161
vii
Contents
22
23
Biological Iron Removal from Community Water Source
Republic of Guyana
H. Nakazono, P. Thapa, A. Takechi and S. Barran
Case Studies of Slow Sand
System
Filtration/Ecological
Supply
Corriverton,
-
167
Purification
175
in Small Scale Water
K. Sanda and M. Seno
24
Supply of a Small Community with a Small Slow Sand
Filtration/Ecological Purification System Unit
Water
179
F. Kazaki
25
Refocus
Slow Sand Filter in Kakunda City and Marumori Town after
on
Great East
183
Japan Earthquake
M. Nanbu and K. Yamaki
26
Small Slow Sand Filter
T.
Horie,
Slow Sand Filtration
Part IV
27
28
System for Rural Area in Bolivia
187
Fukushima, G. Calicho and C. Takahatake
Y.
-
Process
Developments
Switching on Pesticide Degraders in Biological Filters used in
Drinking Water Production
C.A. Rolph, B. Jefferson and R. Villa
Bioaugmentation
Reduces
Negative
Effect of
Estrogens
on
Coliform Removal in Slow Sand Filters
S.J.
29
Gauchotte-Lindsay
Reduction of Water Hardness with
R.
30
203
C. Quince, G. Collins, R.L Davies and C.
Haig,
a Compact Slow Sand Filtration System
Miyahira, K. Yajima, J. Nakagawa and M. Koseki
Installing
a
DIY-based Home Slow Sand Filter
Make It Without
195
-
209
Is it Possible to
219
Speciality?
H. Hukuoka
31
Development of an Unmanned Operate System
Filter/Ecological Purification System
for
a
Slow Sand
225
T. Hirose
32
Process
Optimization of Solar Energy Based Slow Sand Filtration
Roy, M. Banik, G. Banerjee, S. Pal and A. Mazumdar
231
R. Chakrabarti, M. Jekel, P.K.
33
Performance of
Ecological Purification System in Samoa
239
J. Tamasese, E. Fuimaono and S. Lautua
34
Household Bio-Purification Device
245
S. Jin
35
A
Study to Further Reduce the Turbidity Level of Slow Sand Filtered
Tanigahara Water Purification Plant, Japan
Tateno, M. Sekiyama, N. Kobayashi and S. Arii
Water in
/.
36
The Countermeasure
Concentration
Using
a
by
251
against the Increase of Disinfection By-Products
Humic Substances at
Slow Sand Filtration
System
Y. Kado, K. Takao and K. Hashiwata
a
Water Purification Plant
259
viii
37
in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes
Progress
On the Function of
Filter
Upflow Roughing Filter for Slow Sand
265
Pilot Experiment in Niigata, Japan
T. Arakawa, M. Seno and N. Nakamoto
38
-
Enhancement of the
Effect of Combined
Efficiency
Application
of
Upflow
with
Slow Sand Filtration
-
Fiber Filter Unit
a
273
T. Kato, I. Ozaki and A. Okada
39
Surface Water Treatment Plant
System
in
Using Ecological Purification
277
Bangladesh
M.M. Rahman and M.J.A. Zaman
40
41
Development of Ecological Purification Unit for Producing Drinking
Water from Organically Polluted Raw Water (BOD~30mg/L)
K. Maruyama and Y. Hashiguchi
Slow Sand and
K. Kaetzl, M.
Part V
Slow Biochar Filtration of
Lubken,
K.
Alfes,
S.
Raw Wastewater
Werner,
285
297
B. Marschner and M. Wichern
Biosand Filters
42
Global Review of the Adoption, Use and Performance of the Biosand Filter
T.K.K. Ngai, B. Coff, D. Baker and R. Lentz
309
43
Recent Advances in Household Biosand Filter
319
T.K.K.
Design
Ngai and D. L. Baker
44
Performance Optimisation of Household Biosand Filters
L. C. Campos and R. Outhwaite
45
Optimizing Intermittent Slow Sand Filters (Biosand) Construction for
331
More Consistent Microbial Removals
K.
46
339
C. Perron and M.R. Collins
Sawyer,
Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling
Parameters of the Biosand Filter in
a
as an
Pilot
Evaluation Tool for Critical
Study in Para, Brazil
347
LE. Voth-Gaeddert, D.W. Divelbiss and D.B. Oerther
47
Household Filter to Remove Iron and Nitrate for
V.
48
Asriningtyas,
Drinking Water
355
L. Villacreces and S.P. Saraswati
Long-Term Performance Evaluation of Biosand Filters
Modified with Zero-Valent Iron
359
M. M. Ahammed, C. Solanki and A. T. Nair
Part VI
49
-
Process Behaviour
Mechanisms of DOC Removal from
N.
50
Alternative Biofiltration
Siebdrath,
Secondary Effluents in
a
Lab Biofilter
369
C. Schaefferand W. Uhl
Change of Water Treatment Efficiency in the Transition from
Granular Activated Carbon to
an
Biological Activated
Carbon
Advanced Water Purification Plant
H. Inoue, S.
Kodama, M. Ishibashi and Y. Watanabe
on
375
Contents
51
ix
Autotrophic Growth Competition between Ammonia-Oxidizing
Archaea and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Biological Activated
Carbon Filter with Nitrification Potential
/.
52
Kasuga,
379
J. Niu, F. Kurisu, H. Furumai and T.
Influence of Preozonation
on
Shigeeda
the Performance of
Bio-filter in Water Treatment under Low
Subsequent
Temperature Condition:
Biomass and
J.
53
Community Analysis
Yang, J. Ma, D. Song, Y. Shi and X.
Deterioration Mechanisms of Granular Activated Carbon in
Fluidized-Bed Contactor with
Y.
54
Kobayashi,
M.
Oya,
Biological and Physical Effects
Nagashio and T. Hanamoto
Alternative Biofiltration
-
405
and N. P. Hankins
Treatment Performance
Removal of
Easily and More Complex Biodegradable NOM by
Biological Stable Drinking Water
W.AM. Hijnen, R. Schurer, B. Martijn, J.A. Bahlman, W. Hoogenboezem and
Full-Scale BAC Filters to Produce
P. W.J.J,
56
397
Y. Tanaka, D.
Living-Filter: an In-Reservoir Biofiltration System for
Phytoplankton Reduction at the Abstraction Point
A. T. Castro-Castellon, M. J. Chipps, J. M. R. Hughes
Part VII
55
387
Zhai
van
413
der Wielen
Renewal and Selection of Granular Activated Carbon in
Advanced Drinking Water Purification
in
421
Tokyo
T. Iwamoto, T. Tasaki and T. Kanami
57
Biofilm Accumulation Characteristics of
Tap
Water Produced
by Biological
Heterotrophic Bacteria in
Activated Carbon Process
429
S. Kasahara and M. Ishikawa
58
Manganese Removal in BAC Facilities without Ozonation in
Water Purification Plants
T.
59
Yahata,
E.
433
Kawase, E. Takahashi and M. Yoshii
Use of Water Sensitive Urban
Urban Stormwater:
Design Systems
for Biofiltration of
Batch Studies
Laboratory Biodegradation
McCarthy
441
K. Zhang, X. Tian, D. Page, A. Deletic and D.
Part VIII
60
Alternative Biofiltration
-
Process Developments
Applicability of Spherical Coconut Shell Activated Carbon to Biological
Activated Carbon for Advanced Drinking Water Treatment
453
A. Okada, K. Takahashi, T. Okawa and K. Satoh
61
Development of Biological Roughing Filter as an Alternative to
Coagulation-Sedimentation Process
7. Okamoto, K. Ogura, Y. Kobayashi, M. Oya, D. Nagashio and
465
T. Hanamoto
Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration
X
62
The
Environmentally-friendly Effects
Supply Authority
Processes
of Biotreatments in
473
Osaka Water
7. Hoson and Y. Takeda
63
L.D.
64
Development in Upflow Gravel Filters in Layers with a Fabric Cover
Sanchez, E.A. Dominguez, N. Munoz, J.T. VisscherandL.C. Rietveld
Biofilm
Up-flow Biological Contact Filter
N. Kurahashi,
R.
Sato,
S.
for Advanced Water Treatment
Kumano,
M.
Fujimoto
System
481
491
and Y. Ishimaru
65
pH Conditioning using
Upflow Gravel
A. Araya, J. Valverde and LD. Sanchez
66
Upward Biological Contact Filtration (U-BCF) in Vietnam
M. Yayama
507
67
Biofiltration of
515
Limestone with
P. Lessard, G.
68
Filters
Pig Manure: Behavior of Nitrogen Compounds
Aubry, Y. Gilbert, Y. LeBihan and G. Buelna
Exploring Sand
503
and Bentonite-Enhanced Sand as Filter Media for
Nitrate Removal
525
R. Malini and M.R. Sudhakar
Part IX
69
River Bank Filtration and Groundwater
Recharge
Reduction of the Formation Potentials of Trihalomethanes
(THMs) and
(HAAs)
by
Aquifer Treatment
S. Rahmawati, X. Wang, S. Phattarapattamawong, R. Suzuki, S. Echigo,
Haloacetic acids
in Reclained Water
Soil
535
Y. Takabe and S. Itoh
70
Removals of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Reclaimed Water
Soil Aquifer Treatment with Different Soil Types,
Hydraulic Retention, and Saturated Condition
K. He, T. Yonetani, Y. Takabe, S. Rahmawati, S. Echigo and S. Itoh
during
71
Behavior of Trace
Organic Contaminants in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT)
Secondary Sewage Effluent
Process for Reuse of
543
553
F. Nishimura, N. Kurita, Y. Takabe, T. Mizuno, T. Hidaka and S. Ito
Author Index
563
Keyword Index
567