Preface and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Program Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
CONDITIONING AND CONDITIONAL LOGICS
Causation and Causal Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
John Bell
Sleeping Beauty Reconsidered: Conditioning and Reflection in Asynchronous Systems . . 12
Joseph Y. Halpern
Weak Nonmonotonic Probabilistic Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Thomas Lukasiewicz
Knowledge Discovery by Reversing Inductive Knowledge Representation . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Gabriele Kern-Isberner and Jens Fisseler
SPATIAL REASONING
Multidimensional Mereotopology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Antony Galton
Parthood as Spatial Inclusion—Evidence from Biomedical Conceptualizations . . . . . . . 55
Stefan Schulz and Udo Hahn
A Logic-Based Formulation of Active Visual Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Murray Shanahan and David Randell
Indoor Environment Classification and Perceptual Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Fiora Pirri
SPACE AND TIME
A Logic of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fusun Yaman, Dana Nau, and V. S. Subrahmanian
Axiomatizing the Cyclic Interval Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Jean-François Condotta and Gérard Ligozat
PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES
What's in a Model? Epistemological Analysis of Logic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Marc Denecker v

Ontological Theory for Ontological Engineering: Biomedical Systems
Information Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
James M. Fielding, Jonathan Simon, Werner Ceusters, and Barry Smith
Intransitivity and Vagueness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Joseph Y. Halpern
An Experimental Analysis of Possibilistic Default Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Salem Benferhat, Jean François Bonnefon, and Rui Da Silva Neves
DESCRIPTION LOGICS
Combining Answer Set Programming with Description Logics for the Semantic Web . . 141
Thomas Eiter, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Roman Schindlauer, and Hans Tompits
Reducing SHIQ- Description Logic to Disjunctive Datalog Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Ullrich Hustadt, Boris Motik, and Ulrike Sattler
Optimization Techniques for Retrieving Resources
Described in OWL/RDF Documents: First Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Volker Haarslev and Ralf Möller
ARGUMENTATION
Reaching Agreement Through Argumentation: A Possibilistic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Leila Amgoud and Henri Prade
Characterization of Semantics for Argument Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Philippe Besnard and Sylvie Doutre
On the Use of an ATMS for Handling Conflicting Desires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Leila Amgoud and Claudette Cayrol
COMPACT REPRESENTATIONS OF PREFERENCE
Expressive Power and Succinctness of Propositional Languages for Preference
Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Sylvie Coste-Marquis, Jérôme Lang, Paolo Liberatore, and Pierre Marquis
Complex Preferences for Answer Set Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Gerhard Brewka
GAI Networks for Utility Elicitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Christophe Gonzales and Patrice Perny
AGENTS
A First-Order Theory of Communicating First-Order Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Ernest Davis
Observation Expectation Reasoning in Agent Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Bình V˜u Trân, James Harland, and Margaret Hamilton
Regulative and Constitutive Norms in Normative Multiagent Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Guido Boella and Leendert van der Torre vi

ONTOLOGY
Social Roles and their Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Claudio Masolo, Laure Vieu, Emanuele Bottazzi, Carola Catenacci, Roberta Ferrario,
Aldo Gangemi, and Nicola Guarino
Ontological Knowledge Base Reasoning with
Sort-Hierarchy and Rigidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Ken Kaneiwa and Riichiro Mizoguchi
The Four Dimensions of Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Pawel Garbacz
How to Interweave Knowledge about Object Structure and Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Carola Eschenbach
BELIEF REVISION AND UPDATE
Logical Foundations of Negotiation: Strategies and Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Thomas Meyer, Norman Foo, Rex Kwok, and Dongmo Zhang
Distance Semantics for Relevance-Sensitive Belief Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Pavlos Peppas, Samir Chopra, and Norman Foo
A Unified Treatment for Knowledge Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Isabelle Bloch, Ramón Pino-Pérez, and Carlos Uzcátegui
Updating of a Possibilistic Knowledge Base by Crisp or Fuzzy Transition Rules . . . . . . 338
Boris Mailhé and Henri Prade
MERGING BELIEF BASES
A Split-Combination Method for Merging Inconsistent Possibilistic Knowledge Bases . 348
Guilin Qi, Weiru Liu, and David H. Glass
On Merging Strategy-Proofness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Patricia Everaere, Sébastien Konieczny, and Pierre Marquis
COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS
Satisfiability for Propositional Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Luciano Serafini and Floris Roelofsen
Complexity of Model Checking and Bounded Predicate
Arities for Non-ground Answer Set Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Thomas Eiter, Wolfgang Faber, Michael Fink, Gerald Pfeifer, and Stefan Woltran
Automated Reformulation of Specifications by Safe Delay of Constraints . . . . . . . . . . 388
Marco Cadoli and Toni Mancini
Towards a Structured Analysis of Approximate Problem Solving:
A Case Study in Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Perry Groot, Annette ten Teije, and Frank van Harmelen
Improving the Forward Chaining Algorithm for Conceptual Graphs Rules . . . . . . . . . 407
Jean-François Baget vii

Inferential Complexity Control for Model-Based Abduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Gregory Provan
LOGIC PROGRAMMING
A Causal Logic of Logic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Alexander Bochman
Condensed Representations for Inductive Logic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Luc De Raedt and Jan Ramon
On Eliminating Disjunctions in Stable Logic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Thomas Eiter, Michael Fink, Hans Tompits, and Stefan Woltran
QUERY PROCESSING FOR ONTOLOGIES
Approximative Query Techniques for Agents with Heterogeneous Ontologies and
Perceptive Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Patrick Doherty, Andrzej Szalas, and Witold Lukaszewicz
What to Ask to a Peer: Ontology-based Query Reformulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Diego Calvanese, Giuseppe De Giacomo, Domenico Lembo,
Maurizio Lenzerini, and Riccardo Rosati
Qualitative Probabilistic Matching with Hierarchical Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Clinton Smyth and David Poole
REAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SYSTEMS
A Question-Answering System for AP Chemistry: Assessing KR&R Technologies . . . . 488
Ken Barker, Vinay K. Chaudhri, Shaw Yi Chaw, Peter E. Clark, James Fan, David Israel,
Sunil Mishra, Bruce Porter, Pedro Romero, Dan Tecuci, and Peter Yeh
GlossOnt: A Concept-focused Ontology Building Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Youngja Park
Towards a Quantitative, Platform-Independent Analysis of Knowledge Systems . . . . . 507
Noah S. Friedland, Paul G. Allen, Michael Witbrock, Gavin Matthews, Nancy Salay,
Pierluigi Miraglia, Jurgen Angele, Steffen Staab, David Israel, Vinay Chaudhri,
Bruce Porter, Ken Barker, and Peter Clark
REASONING ABOUT ACTION
Situations, Si! Situation Terms, No! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque
C&L Intention Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Andreas Herzig and Dominique Longin
Discovering State Invariants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
Fangzhen Lin
Inductive Situation Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Marc Denecker and Eugenia Ternovska viii

Reasoning about Triggered Actions in AnsProlog and Its Application to Molecular
Interactions in Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Nam Tran and Chitta Baral
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION LOGICS
A Logic of Arbitrary and Indefinite Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Stuart C. Shapiro
Reasoning about Knowledge by Variable Forgetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Kaile Su, Guanfeng Lv, and Yan Zhang
A Logic of Limited Belief for Reasoning with Disjunctive Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Yongmei Liu, Gerhard Lakemeyer, and Hector J. Levesque
Majority Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Eric Pacuit and Samer Salame
Partial Implication Semantics for Desirable Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Yi Zhou and XiaoPing Chen
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION AND PLANNING
(Special Joint ICAPS/KR Session)
Extending the Knowledge-Based Approach to Planning with Incomplete Information and Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Ronald P. A. Petrick and Fahiem Bacchus
Knowledge of Other Agents and Communicative Actions in the Fluent Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Yves Martin, Iman Narasamdya, and Michael Thielscher
Precondition Control and the Progression Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
Alfredo Gabaldon
A Preference-Based Interpretation of Other Agents’ Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Jérôme Lang
From Hybrid Systems to Universal Plans Via Domain Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Anthony Barrett
Planning Graphs and Knowledge Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
Héctor Geffner
Domain-Specific Preferences for Causal Reasoning and Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
James P. Delgrande, Torsten Schaub, and Hans Tompits
Learning Probabilistic Relational Planning Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Hanna M. Pasula, Luke S. Zettlemoyer, and Leslie Pack Kaelbling
An Improved Integer Local Search for Complex Scheduling Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Weixiong Zhang and Xiaotao Zhang
Breadth-First Heuristic Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Rong Zhou and Eric A. Hansen ix

Phase Transitions in Classical Planning: An Experimental Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
Jussi Rintanen
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Constructing k -Maintainable Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 720
Chitta Baral and Thomas Eiter
INVITED KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
Advanced Research with Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
Patrick Doherty
Evidence and Belief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler
What Is OWL (and Why Should I Care)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Peter F. Patel-Schneider
GREAT MOMENTS IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SERIES
Historical Remarks on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Especially Circumscription . . . . . . 738
John McCarthy
Meaning and Links: A Semantic Odyssey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
William A. Woods
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 x