iuioi, VcuuetaIIe Dhiesf
Document
coUectiOn
Oregon State University, April 1979
Volume 28
Number 2
Oregofl
coUect0fl
Green bean lines
tested in 1978
Results of the OSU green bean
breeding program were encouraging in
1978.
Of 31 breeding lines tested
extensively in plot yield trials at
Corvallis, several look very promising
for yield, quality and processing characteristics. Our immediate objectives
the last few years have been to develop
one or more varieties to replace Oregon
1604.
This would require a variety
with yielding ability close to or
better than that of Oregon 1604, a better growth habit, and straighter and
smoother pods with equal quality. Many
lines tested and discarded since Oregon
1604 was released have been superior
in some respects but not equal in yield.
A number of our newer selections appear
IN this issue..
Green Bean Lines Tested
in 1978
Nitrogen- Fixing Bacteria, Nitrogen
Fertilizer Tested on Bush Beans
to meet or even exceed the yield objective.
The breeding program has always
stressed the Blue Lake type, which is
useful for both canning and freezing.
New lines therefore, are evaluated for
both canning and freezing quality at
OSU and by several processing companies.
A number of bean growers have been involved in trials of various sizes for
evaluation of field performance and to
determine if the lines are well adapted
to mechanical picking. Root rot resistance is evaluated in plots at Corvallis,
and specific crosses are made to transmit resistance into the better processing
types.
However, all or most of the resistance usually is lost when beans are
selected for earliness, high pod yield
and quality.
Lines resistant to white
mold are likely to become available from
another experiment station in about a
year, and will be used in our breeding
program as soon as possible.
Tables 1 and 2 show yield data for
all 31 OSU lines tested in 1978, and a
number of lines or varieties from seed
companies. Tons/acre shown in the tables
Table 1.
Green Bean Yields - Firat Planting (May 30, 1918), Corvallis, Oregon.
flarveat 1
No.
1
Parentage
or source
Line
Ore 16048
:::::::
8
439.-
9
4755-1
4755-2
4773-2
4794
4843-1
4843-2
4844
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
38
39
4845-2-
4846
4849-1
4849-2
4849-3
4850
4852-28
4862
4880
4882
4883
4884
4886
4895
49078
49118
E. Gallatin
BB1 73149
Vitagreen
Exp. 186
Exp. 519E-6
15202
E6211
40
WIIP-1
WhIP-)
41
ISIh-6
42
Advance
85 1386519-3-2
U
86571-5-2-1
86625-1-1-5-1
86647-6-3-1
86647-6-3-1-1
86647-6-4-1
86647-6-5-1
86647-6-5-2
86647-8-2
86843-2
B6849-1-3
86849-3-1
86849-3
86849-8-18
B6849-9B
86862-1-1-1
86897-1-1-3-1
86897-1-1-4-1
Gallatin Valley
Rogers
North. King
North. King
Ferry Horse
Id. Seed Bean
Aegrow
43
881. 53
44
NCX 8010
NCX 8013
Slenderette
Code 129
Code 160
Charter
Clamor
Callatin Valley
K9398
Keyatoe
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
FMC
Siee
adj
2 1-4
Days
ay.
tuna
62
89
7.9
63
d
.
harvest 2
tone
8:
8.6
11.8
9.9
92
7.0
8.4
8.2
64
89
6.9
63
96
64
97
64
64
64
64
98
97
7.6
5.9
7.3
64
64
64
64
65
65
64
62
62
91
93
92
84
85
9.0
91
7.8
3.3
7.0
5.2
3.2
6.1
5.2
6.7
6.8
7.0
5.0
6.5
7.6
6.6
5.5
4.5
6.4
5.2
7.8
8.8
91
65
65
62
63
65
65
63
65
69
65
98
64
72
63
99
95
65
65
65
7.4
7.5
6.6
6.6
64
64
7.3
7.0
86
90
88
94
85
86
85
93
62
96
45
88
85
96
91
97
75
87
77
89
60
tonb
2 1-4
Days
tons
7.8
8.9
8.6
7.1
cv.
*1
:j'
10.4
64
64
93
60
87
cv.
.:
7.3
8.3
64
64
64
64
64
Days
Sieve
adj.
68
:
65
Sieve
2 1-4
9.1
12.0
11.6
9.6
11.1
8.7
10.8
10.7
7.9
9.9
12.2
10.2
9.2
9.1
11.2
12.0
11.7
9.6
11.0
4.7
7.8
7.3
.
68
65
68
49
58
43
66
66
66
66
65
66
66
66
66
66
65
65
65
65
65
82
87
81
77
86
65
68
68
68
64
64
69
84
82
90
75
73
73
86
79
80
72
76
49
47
37
84
8.9
8.4
9.8
8.0
8.7
8.1
9.6
9.4
7.5
7.8
8.5
7.4
9.0
8.9
7.2
8.7
8.9
8.9
8.6
10.2
10.5
8.9
59
5.8
8.0
68
68
47
64
77
8.6
6.6
6.4
9.2
65
77
9.2
10.2
68
68
7.0
9.6
4.7
8.9
Yield adjusted by
stand + sieve
Harvest 3
111K
8,8
9.1
9.1
10.6
68
69
69
11.9
10.6
12.2
12.8
10.0
10.3
11.9
9.2
11.1
10.9
9.8
11.2
11.6
10.9
10.8
10.1
10.2
7.8
7.8
8.7
8.3
7.5
69
68
*
33
52
50
39
38
68
34
68
48
68
68
68
68
47
49
42
38
Coal
adj.
tons
7.5
.-:
'
8
12.0
9.8
10.3
10.6
11.3
10.2
11.8
9.6
10.7
10.9
11.3
35
9.5
flsrv.
no.
adj3
tong
2
11.0
I1T
136
129
117
126
128
112
136
130
136
137
142
133
121
142
126
134
134
140
130
10.0
10.0
10.3
9.4
9.9
8.6
11.6
L4
10.4
10.8
10.4
-
69
Av.
stand
8.1
3
.7
2
0.3
8.7
2
9.4
2
9.2
10.0
10.2
10.6
9.3
9.9
10.0
10.1
11.8
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
2
126
94
122
79
121
116
2
83
60
3
3
7.4
2
9.3
10.0
6.7
5.7
9.3
10.3
2
2
3
2
2
2
70
80
6.7
8.8
7.7
9.8
68
47
9.0
8.7
50
80
9.0
8.3
9.0
10.8
70
73
6.1
9.8
7.5
69
59
39
10.7
65
68
11.7
6.9
9.3
124
111
9.0
68
40
65
74
5.6
7.2
110
128
1
6.7
6.7
9.3
6.6
10.8
9.7
65
68
68
68
69
93
66
6.2
5.8
6.7
8.4
6.6
7.6
8.8
111
117
137
112
3
2
140
2
45
7.8
9.5
55
52
45
9.6
9.7
6.9
7.8
8.4
69
68
70
69
70
36
84
57
33
48
6.7
6.8
9.6
7.8
8.0
5.8
9.1
10.3
6.5
7.8
83
11.6
8.4
10.4
10.6
10.4
138
120
136
99
113
8.1
4.9
9.2
11.1
Means of 4 replications; subplots of 51 were harvested from 20' plots on
each harvest date; rows 36" apart.
Tons/acre adjusted up or down by the percent deviation from 50% 1-4 sieve
Yield adjusted to 50% 1-4 sieve aize, then adjusted for stand by Analysis sizes.
of CovarlanCe. LSD @ 5% significance - 2.16 tons/acre.
1
3
2
1
3
3
10.0
10.3
7.6
8.4
8.9
8.4
7.8
8.1
5.4
8.8
9.2
12.1
3
8.0
8.3
Table 2.
Green Bean YieJ.ds - Second Planting (June 14, 1978), Corvallis, Oregon.1
Unadjuaced Yisld
Toa adjuated
for
No.
Line
Parenc&g.
or source
12
13
14
Ore 1604B
Ore 1604
4091-3 W
4091-3 C
4091-3
4094-1
4094-3
4439-5
4755-L
4755-2
4773-2
4794
4843-1
4843-2
15
16
4844
36647-6-3-1-].
4845-2
86647-6-4-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
85713-I
85713-4
85713-2
86519-3-2
86571-5-2
36625-1-1.-S
86647-6-3-1
2 1-4
0aya
62
62
62
62
62
63
sieve2
sv.
tons
60
9.1
6.9
8.1
5.9
4.6
3.9
6.7
6.1
35
32
64
7.1
7.3
3.4
4.9
52
38
63
62
65
65
63
63
53
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.2
5.3
43
6.2
64
64
64
64
55
57
48
47
6.3
7.6
5.5
3.9
49
62
60
4.8
4.8
5.6
6.8
6.8
5.5
5.8
6.6
8.1
5.4
3.8
4
Pod
set
score
eieve3+
stand
Av.
7.8
142
150
130
136
146
123
145
145
147
148
136
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.0
133
5.0
149
138
148
138
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
5.6
2.7
6.6
6.1
5.0
4.6
5.3
6.4
6.9
4.7
5.2
6.2
8.4
5.7
3.1
tud
1.5
4.0
3.5
6
18
19
2*
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
4849-1
4:49-2
4: 9-3
4850
4852-2 s
36647-6-5-1
4.62
4880
4882
4883
86843-2
36849-1-3
36849-3-1
86849-3
36849-8-1 B
86849-9 3
86862-1-1-1
86897-1-1-3
86897-1-1-4
Callarin Val.
488.4
4886
4896
4907 5
4911 B
E. Gallatia
BBL 73149
Vitagreen
64
86647-6-5-2
86647-:- 2
P.ogers
'..
____________________________________
6
6
____________________________________________________
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
:
.
:
.
1orthKing
:.
4.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.5
139
3.7
143
143
126
4.5
2.5
2.5
4.5
140
3.0
95
.
.
145
147
150
146
150
.
519E-6
3
E5 202
Ferry More e
61
'
.0
_____________________________________
iHP-1
.4
Ld. Seed Bean
_p*__._
4
SB-.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Advance
BEL 53
NCX 8010
NCX 8013
Slenderette
Coda 129
Code 160
Calamor
K9398
..:
A.egrow
FMC
Charter
Galiarin Val.
KeyStone
66
68
41
53
64
45
63
63
64
63
61
65
63
61
8.1
6.9
6.1
4.4
5.9
5.1
4.4
5.9
3.0
70
48
34
38
7.4
7.1
5.8
4.9
7.1
5.2
3.7
6.5
2.6
7.4
7.3
5.9
4.7
6.6
5.0
1.6
7.6
2.6
142
139
115
143
126
124
143
99
142
Means of 4 replication; single harvest of 5' froR a 20 ft plot, rows 36" apart.
Tons/acre adjusted by the % deviation from 50Z 1-4 sieve sizes;
LSD 8 5Z significance
- 1.98 tons/acre.
Yield adjusted to 50% 1-4 sieve, then adjusted for stand by analysis of Covariance.
' Average of scores assigned by Baggetr, Frazier, and Stang, for apparent split-set
tendency; 1
poor set 5 - good set.
3
5.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
4.0
2.0
are from hand-picked plots and are high
in comparison to conunercial yields;
thus, it is important to compare the
experimental lines with varieties such
as Oregon 1604.
Following are descriptions and increase status of the more advanced individual OSU lines or groups of related
lines considered most promising after
the 1978 season:
While they probably can be grown without
problems under good growing conditions,
trouble with fiber could occur if harvest was delayed.
The growth habit
is very upright when plants are young,
but the plant is branchy and cannot
stand up under the heavy pod load.
4883, 4886 - the best of a group of
six related lines tested in 1978,
these have medium length pods which
are seldom crooked.
Pod quality has
been good in both canned and frozen
samples.
The plant is more upright and
less branchy than Oregon 1604 and the
pods are held off the ground until the
pod load gets heavy. Plot yields in
both 1977 and 1978 were equal to those
of Oregon 1604, but maturity is about
two days later.
These two lines are
currently receiving more interest
than any of our other prospects, and
seed increases in 1979 will be quite
large.
About 40 acres of 4883 trials
will be planted in 1979, but only
enough seed for about one acre is
available for 4886.
4091-3 - similar to Oregon 1604 in having
a large pod load for the size of plant,
and almost as early, this line has
smoother pods and a less branchy growth
habit.
Yields have varied from equal
to 1604 to about 1 ton/acre less and
quality usually has been rated higher
It matures at a smaller sieve size than
1604; thus, it will be. important to harvest it on time. About 5,000 pounds of
seed will be planted in Oregon in 1979
and 20,000 in 1980. OSU will either
release or discontinue 4091 after the
1979 season.
4094-3 - related to 4091, but with larger
seeds and pods, this line has shown exceptional pod quality, especially color,
but is about two days later and does
not always yield as well.
A tendency
for poor seed germination has caused
reservations about its future, and only
moderate sized trials are planned for
1979 and 1980.
If 1979 trials are not
very encouraging, it will be discontin-
J.R. Baggett
Horticulture Department
G.W. Varseveld
Food Science Department
ued.
4755-1 and 4755-2 - these lines have a
distinctly different upright growth
habit, with long pods borne well off the
ground. The pods have shown excellent
freezing quality, but average canning
quality.
Pod fiber develops in the
older stages but has not resulted in
low quality scores thus far. Seed increases in 1979 will be small pending
further quality evaluation.
****************** ..**
Oregon Vegetable Digest is
published
four times a year by the Agricultural
*Experiment Station, Oregon State Uni*versity, Corvallis, OR 97331, J.R. Davis
*Director. Address correspondence to the
*author concerned or to the Department of
*Horticulture. Material may be re*printed providing no endorsement of a
*coinmercial product is stated or implied.
*Please credit Oregon State University.
*To simplify technical terminology,
.trade names of products or equipment
*sometimes will be used. No endorsement
*of products named is intended nor is
*criticism implied of products not
*mentioned.
** * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * *
4843-1, 4843-2, 4846 - this group of
lines has the potential for high yields
of small sieve pods which are straight
and refined in the 3 and 4 sieve sizes.
Older pods develop fiber, and although
quality tests have been favorable,
these lines are being evaluated carefully with only moderate seed increases.
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen
fertilizer, tested on bush beans
Six field experiments were conducted at the OSU Vegetable Research
Farm during 1975-1978 to determine the
effects of inoculation with Rhizobiuin
phaseoli bacteria and of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, nodulation
and yield of Oregon 1604 bush snap beans.
Experiments 1 and 5 were in an area
which had no snap beans grown during
the previous five years, with Experiment 5 on a loamy sand soil type. The
other experiments were in areas in which
snap beans had not been grown for one
or two years and were on a silty clay
loam soil, as was Experiment 1. A phosphorus-potassium fertilizer was banded
at planting at a rate of about 45
pounds phosphorus and 85 pounds potassium per acre. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer was broadcast over the row after
planting in appropriate plots and all
plots were irrigated before or shortly
after emergence of seedlings. Dyfonate
was broadcast on the soil surface and
incorporated before planting for symphylan control and trifluralin was broadcast and incorporated for weed control.
Dinoseb was also applied preemergence
for weed control.
The seedcoating inoculant was added
to slightly dampened seeds just before
planting.
The granular furrow inoculant
was applied with a belt planter so
inoculant was under the seeds in the
furrow, and then inoculant and seeds
were covered with soil. Treatments were
replicated four or five times. Plots
were irrigated by overhead sprinklers as
needed at seven to 10-day intervals.
Ten plants from each plot were removed
by shovel with as much root system intact as possible at one week before
bloom or after full bloom, and fresh
weights and number of nodules were determined.
There was no determination
of nitrogen fixation. Once-over harvest
of pods was by hand.
Main effects of inoculation on yield
were not significant in Experiment 1
(Table 1). However, there was a 15 percent increase in yield from inoculation
when no captan seed treatment was used
but a slight decrease from inoculation
The captan treatwhen captan was used.
ment increased total yield about 26 percent which was related to a 118 percent
increase in number of plants per plot
compared to no fungicide application.
Because of the increase in plant population, weights of individual plants
were lower from the captan treatment.
At the highest nitrogen fertilizer rate;
yield and plant weight were higher while
numbers of large and small nodules were
lower than at the zero nitrogen rate.
There were no interactions of nitrogen
x inoculation treatments in any of the
experiments.
In Experiment 2, where no fungicide
seed treatment was used, nitrogen fertilizer application increased yield and
the highest rate of nitrogen, 75 pounds
per acre, decreased number of nodules
per plant (Table 2). Yields were not
significantly affected by inoculation
treatments, but the se.edcoating inoculation treatment produced slight increases in yield and plant weight and
in number of nodules per plant compared
to the check with noinoculation. Yield
and nodulation were lowest from the
granular furrow inoculation treatment.
Yields in Experiment 3 increased
11 percent from nitrogen fertilizer
application, 75 pounds per acre, but
number of nodules per plant averaged 20
percent less than when no nitrogen was
applied (Table 3). There were slight
but non-significant increases in yields
and in number of nodules per plant from
inoculation treatments.
Three inoculation treatments, the
same as in the above experiments, were
at 0 and 35 pounds nitrogen per acre in
Experiment 4 in 1976.
There was no increase in yield from nitrogen application
or from inoculation treatments (data
not shown). Plant weights and nodulation counts were not taken.
There was no increase in yield or
in nodulation from seedcoating inoculation in Experiment 5 in 1977 in which
inoculated and non-inoculated treatments
were at nitrogen rates of 0, 15 and 60
pounds per acre. Also included was a
treatment in which urea sprays were
applied to foliage (three applications,
approximately weekly intervals).
The
15 and 60-pound nitrogen rates reduced
the number of nodules 23 and 68 percent,
respectively, compared to the 0 rate
(Table 4).
There was no difference in
yield or number of nodules per plant
when the 0 nitrogen rate and foliar
spray treatment are compared.
There
was a slight but non-significant yield
increase from 60 pounds nitrogen per
acre compared to the treatment in which
no nitrogen was applied.
Several sources of seedcoating inoculants were used in Experiment 6 in
1978 at two nitrogen fertilizer rates,
Table 1.
0 and 60 pounds nitrogen per acre.
There was a small but non-significant
increase in yield from the 60 pound nitrogen rate but this rate produced a
significant decrease in average number of
nodules per plant (Table 5). None of
the seedcoating inoculants markedly
increased yields over no inoculation
although there were some trends for
slight increases in yields and in nodulation of roots.
Even though no nitrogen fertilizer
was applied, increases in yield of
beans from inoculation with Rhizobium
were small and inconsistent but usually
there was an increase in nodulation.
Snap bean nodules did not appear to contribute much in providing nitrogen for
plant growth and yield, however, no
measurements were made on nitrogen fixation.
Application of nitrogen fertilizer usually increased yield but decreased nodulation.
Benefits from inoculation would be more likely in areas
where snap beans had not been grown previously or where soil populations of
Effects of fungicide (captan) seed treatment, nitrogen rates and
inoculation on yield, sieve size distribution, plant weight and
nodulation of Oregon 1604 snap beans. Experiment 1, 1975
T/A
Treatments
Yield 0 £ pods
1-4 sieve
%
No. nodules/plant
wt/plant (g)Y
largeZ
50
74
9
14
19
11
NSD
53
60
21
small
Fungicide
with
without
LSD .05
4.8
3.8
0.3
0.4
80
74
76
77
78
.01
3.6
4.4
4.8
0.3
0.4
Inoculation
check
seedcoating
furrow
4.2
4.4
4.2
75
77
78
.01
4
28
44
10
13
N rates (lbs/A)
0
15
75
LSD .05
72
10
19
10
33
42
27
6
12
13
7
NSD
60
59
67
15
20
16
33
40
34
(No significant differences in means of inoculation treatments)
Y fresh weight just after full bloom, Z nodules larger than 2 mm diameter.
6
Table 2.
Effects of nitrogen rates and inoculation on yield, sieve
size distribution, plant weight and nodulation of Oregon 1604
snap beans. Experiment 2, 1975
T/A
Treatments
Yield of pods
% 1-4 sieve
wtlpiant (g)Y
No. nodules/plant
largez
small
N rates (lbs/A)
0
15
75
LSD .05
3.5
3.6
4.0
LSD .01
NSD
NSD
Inoculation
check
seedcoating
furrow
3.6
3.9
3.5
26
26
27
27
25
27
98
100
104
NSD
NSD
6
3
42
50
32
NSD
NSD
99
111
92
5
43
3
3
45
35
4
2
2
(No significant differences in means of inoculation treatments)
Y fresh weight just after full bloom,
Table 3.
Z
nodules larger than 2 mm diameter.
Effects of nitrogen rates and inoculation on yield, sieve size
distribution, plant weight and nodulation of Oregon 1604 snap
beans. Experiment 3, 1975
Treatments
T/A
Yield of pods
% 1-4 sieve
No. nodules/plant
wt/plant (g)Y
largeZ
small
46
38
N rates (lbs/A)
0
75
LSD .05
4.0
4.5
0.4
.01
NSD
Inoculation
check
seedcoating
furrow
4.2
4.4
4.1
58
57
35
19
49
14
10
13
NSD
58
38
59
45
43
55
5.
16
17
17
NSD
NSD
38
44
43
(No significant differences in means of inoculation treatments)
fresh weight just after full bloom, Z nodules larger than 2 mm diameter.
7
Table 4.
Effects of nitrogen rates and inoculation on yield, sieve
size distribution, plant weight, and nodulation of Oregon
1604 snap beans. Experiment 5, 1977
Yield
'F/A
Treatments
0 f pods
% 1-4 sieve
wt/plant (g)X
no. nodules /p lant>'
N rates (lbs/A)
0
15
60
Foliar spray
LSD .05
.01
Inoculation
check
seedcoatingZ
4.7
4.5
5.9
4.6
57
62
60
57
NSD
NSD
5.1
59
59
4.7
14
16
16
15
22
17
NSD
NSD
8
15
16
18
17
7
24
9
(No significant differences in means of inoculation treatments)
X
fresh weight one week before first bloom, y nodules larger than 1 mm
diameter, Z seedcoating and granular furrow inoculants in Expt. 1-5 were
supplied by the Nitragin Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Table 5.
Effects of nitrogen rates and inoculation on yield, sieve size
distribution, plant weight, and nodulation of Oregon 1604 snap
beans. Experiment 6, 1978
Yield 0 £ pods
Treatments
T/A
%
1-4 sieve
wt/plant
(g) X
no. nodules /2lanty
N rates (lbs/A)
28
27
.01
5.9
6.2
NSD
NSD
Inoculation
check
seedcoating-1
seedcoating-2
seedcoating-3
seedcoating-4
seedcoating-5
6.2
5.8
5.7
6.0
6.6
6.2
27
28
27
28
27
27
0
60
LSD .05
14
14
20
6
3
NSD
NSD
5
12
15
14
16
13
16
12
11
12
15
16
12
(No significant differences in means of inoculation treatments)
X
fresh weight one week before bloom, y nodules larger than 1 mm diameter,
seedcoating 1 and 2 supplied by the Nitragin Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
seedcoating 3=MS 212, 4=Moly-Co-Thi, supplied by North American Plant
Breeders, Princeton, Illinois; seedcoating 5 supplied by dAT, Cali,
Colombia, S.A.
Z
8
ment of more responsive varieties to
inoculation and in development of more
If these
effective strains of Rhizobia.
efforts are successful and increased
nodulation will increase yields, then
inoculation probably will become more
(Some of the data precommonly used.
sented are part of a MS thesis by Mei
Ma, Oregon State University, 1978).
beneficial strains of Rhizobia were
These aspects were not studied.
low.
Compatibility of inoculants with various
seed protectants of fungicides and insecticides also needs to be considered.
Different species and cultivars of
beans show variable nitrogen fixation
abilities and some of the indeterminate
or climbing types, of dry beans especially, have been reported to be more
efficient than the shorter season, determinate types. Emphasis is being
placed in some breeding and improvement
programs on identificatioi or develop-
Mei-Hwa Wang Ma and H.J. Mack
Horticulture Department
Vegetable Notes
most striking feature of the ripening
mutants is their prolonged shelf life.
Appropriate F1 hybrids are currently
being developed to further quantify the
mutant hybrid effects and establish the
feasibility of exploiting these unusual
mutants in the development of improved
fresh and processing varieties of toma1978).
(HortScience 13:508-513.
toes.
In work on two varieties of dry
beans, Subhadrabandhu, Dennis and Adams
in Michigan found that persisting and
abscising pods could not be distinguished on the basis of length during
the first three days after flower opening; however, the growth rate of abscising pods began to decrease thereafter and size differences between persisting and abscising pods increased
until the smaller pods dropped.
They
concluded that levels of extractable
abscisic acid, phaseic acid and dehydrophaseic acid do not regulate fruit
abscission in dry beans.
(J. Amer.
Soc. Hort. Sci. 103:565-567. 1978).
In a symposium on increasing the
biological efficiency of vegetable
crops, topics included were:
genetic
potential for overcoming physiological
limitations on adaptability, yield and
quality in the tomato; photosynthetic
efficiency and crop production; potential for nitrogen fixation in vegetables;
isolating plant germplasm with altered
efficiencies in mineral nutrition; and
breeding vegetables tolerant to environmental stress.
(HortScience 13:671-
Water stress at silking of the
sweet corn inbred 'Luther Hill' significantly reduced both seed yields and
subsequent seed vigor index compared to
moisture stress three and six weeks
after silking. Marketable seed and
seed size distribution were unaffected
by any of the stress treatments according to El-Forgany and Makus who conducted the work at the University of
Idaho.
(J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:
102-104.
686.
1978).
Tissue culture techniques for
propagation of gynoecious cucumber
plants using axillary buds offers a
greater chance of obtaining a desirable
selection from the field than does the
traditional method of rooting cuttings.
Handley and Chambliss in Alabama further
suggest that bud culture has a fivefold advantage since five or six axillary buds can be obtained from one cutting.
(HortScience 14:22-23. 1979).
1979).
.
Tigchelaar, McGlasson and Buescher
indicate that the identification of
several ripening mutants in tomato has
provided a new tool for examining the
regulation of tomato ripening. The
9
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