SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Supplementary Table 1 | Results by species.
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Cameroon
51
Achariaceae
Cameroon
51
Annonaceae
Cameroon
Cameroon
51
51
Annonaceae
Combretaceae
Cameroon
Cameroon
51
51
Dichapetalaceae
Ebenaceae
Cameroon
51
Erythropalaceae
Cameroon
51
Erythropalaceae
Cameroon
51
Erythropalaceae
Cameroon
51
Euphorbiaceae
Cameroon
51
Euphorbiaceae
Cameroon
51
Euphorbiaceae
Cameroon
51
Fabaceae
Cameroon
51
Fabaceae
Cameroon
Cameroon
Cameroon
51
51
51
Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae
Lauraceae
Cameroon
Cameroon
51
51
Lecythidaceae
Lecythidaceae
Cameroon
51
Phyllanthaceae
Cameroon
Cameroon
51
51
Phyllanthaceae
Rubiaceae
Cameroon
51
Rutaceae
Cameroon
51
Salicaceae
Cameroon
51
Sapotaceae
Cameroon
51
Vochysiaceae
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
52
Apocynaceae
52
Fabaceae
52
Fabaceae
52
Fabaceae
52
Fabaceae
52
Fabaceae
Species
Scottellia
klaineana
Annickia
chlorantha
Xylopia aethiopica
Strephonema
pseudocola
Tapura africana
Diospyros
gabunensis
Strombosia
pustulata
Strombosia
scheffleri
Strombosiopsis
tetrandra
Dichostemma
glaucescens
Discoglypremna
caloneura
Klaineanthus
gaboniae
Hymenostegia
afzelii
Talbotiella
eketensis
Vitex grandifolia
Vitex sp.1
Hypodaphnis
zenkeri
Oubanguia alata
Scytopetalum
klaineanum
Protomegabaria
stapfiana
Uapaca staudtii
Pausinystalia
macroceras
Zanthoxylum
gilletii
Homalium
longistylum
Lecomtedoxa
klaineana
Erismadelphus
exsul
Alstonia boonei
Anthonotha
macrophylla
Cynometra
alexandri
Erythrophleum
suaveolens
Gilbertiodendron
dewevrei
Julbernardia
seretii
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
+
153
70.6
34
+
106
51.2
34
+
71
55
53.3
130.7
34
34
+
(+)
+
57
744
74.9
50.4
34
34
+
(+)
+
684
46.5
34
+
+
119
69.9
34
+
230
68.9
34
+
1771
44.5
34
+
43
64.9
34
+
355
55.7
34
+
476
44.3
34
+
132
51.2
34
+
80
48
129
46.6
126.5
91.8
34
34
34
+
+
+
2639
45
73.8
76.0
34
34
+
+
384
58.4
34
+
90
49
69.0
58.5
34
34
(+)
+
120
87.4
34
+
51
63.2
34
+
142
185.0
34
(+)
58
85.0
34
+
42
116.3
34
+
41
60.1
34
(+)
1311
123.3
34
+
+
101
112.9
34
(-)
+
3492
142.3
34
+
+
988
122.3
34
+
+
Bin
3
Bin
4
+
+
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 1
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
Dem. Rep.
Congo
China
China
Data
ref.
Family
Species
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
52
Malvaceae
Cola lateritia
186
67.7
34
+
+
52
Phyllanthaceae
197
88.0
34
+
+
52
Rhizophoraceae
44
75.2
34
+
52
Rubiaceae
Cleistanthus
michelsonii
Comiphyton
gabonense
Hallea stipulosa
88
84.0
34
(+)
52
Rubiaceae
47
76.8
34
+
53
53
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
90
770
46.4
104.2
54,55
54,55
+
+
+
+
China
China
China
53
53
53
Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Oleaceae
2185
142
648
104.4
76.5
100.3
54,55
54,55
54,55
+
(+)
(+)
+
+
+
(-)
China
China
China
China
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
53
53
53
53
56
56
56
56
56
56
Pinaceae
Rosaceae
Sapindaceae
Ulmaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
2387
50
1625
395
458
168
72
78
81
293
98.5
48.3
61.0
100.1
50.9
80.5
97.4
80.2
62.0
50.8
54,55
54,55
54,55
54,55
34
34
34
34
34
34
(-)
(+)
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
+
+
(-)
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
Malaysia
56
Anacardiaceae
62
66.5
34
+
Malaysia
56
Anacardiaceae
211
86.1
34
(+)
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
54
69.9
34
(+)
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
161
54.7
34
+
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
507
49.6
34
+
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
90
64.2
34
+
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
403
51.6
34
+
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
51
68.0
34
+
+
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Burseraceae
Burseraceae
Burseraceae
263
81
44
64.5
65.8
89.6
34
34
34
+
+
+
+
Malaysia
56
Burseraceae
128
62.8
34
(+)
(+)
Malaysia
56
Clusiaceae
40
95.4
34
(+)
+
Malaysia
56
Clusiaceae
54
58.9
34
+
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Clusiaceae
Crypteroniaceae
80
105
46.8
48.2
34
34
+
(+)
Malaysia
56
Ctenolophonaceae
74
82.6
34
(+)
+
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
48
85.1
34
(+)
+
Sarcocephalus
pobeguinii
Betula platyphylla
Quercus
mongolica
Tilia amurensis
Tilia mandshurica
Fraxinus
mandshurica
Pinus koraiensis
Malus baccata
Acer mono
Ulmus japonica
Gluta laxiflora
Gluta macrocarpa
Gluta wallichii
Gluta woodsiana
Mangifera foetida
Mangifera
parvifolia
Swintonia
foxworthyi
Swintonia
schwenkii
Canarium
pseudopatentinervium
Dacryodes aff.
incurvata
Dacryodes
expansa
Dacryodes
incurvata
Dacryodes
rostrata
Santiria
grandiflora
Santiria laevigata
Santiria mollis
Santiria
rubiginosa
Santiria
tomentosa
Calophyllum
soulattri
Garcinia
caudiculata
Kayea macrantha
Crypteronia
macrophylla
Ctenolophon
parvifolius
Cotylelobium
melanoxylon
+
+
+
(+)
(+)
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 2
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Ebenaceae
Malaysia
56
Euphorbiaceae
Malaysia
56
Euphorbiaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Fabaceae
Ixonanthaceae
Malaysia
56
Kiggelariaceae
Species
Dipterocarpus
confertus
Dipterocarpus
crinitus
Dipterocarpus
geniculatus
Dipterocarpus
globosus
Dipterocarpus
palembanicus
subsp. borneensis
Dipterocarpus
palembanicus
subsp.
palembanicus
Dryobalanops
aromatica
Dryobalanops
lanceolata
Parashorea
parvifolia
Shorea acuta
Shorea
amplexicaulis
Shorea
beccariana
Shorea curtisii
Shorea
falciferoides
Shorea kunstleri
Shorea laxa
Shorea
macroptera
subsp. baillonii
Shorea
macroptera
subsp.
macropterifolia
Shorea ovata
Shorea parvifolia
Shorea
quadrinervis
Shorea rubella
Shorea
scaberrima
Shorea
scrobiculata
Shorea smithiana
Vatica badiifolia
Diospyros
diepenhorstii
Chaetocarpus
castanocarpus
Elateriospermum
tapos
Dialium indum
Koompassia
malaccensis
Millettia vasta
Allantospermum
borneense
Hydnocarpus
pinguis
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
47
137.0
34
+
+
51
125.5
34
(+)
+
62
118.2
34
+
+
624
118.1
34
+
+
47
116.7
34
+
43
93.2
34
(-)
+
705
144.4
34
+
+
43
123.4
34
+
+
58
124.5
34
+
+
361
146
79.5
87.4
34
34
+
+
+
218
110.2
34
+
+
67
70
136.7
141.4
34
34
+
+
+
104
375
136
127.8
114.1
97.3
34
34
34
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
131
74.0
34
+
+
57
126
110
81.1
126.3
69.2
34
34
34
+
+
+
53
56
125.7
125.5
34
34
+
+
+
+
76
97.6
34
+
+
(+)
129
80
132
130.0
81.1
58.7
34
34
34
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
174
48.0
34
+
449
51.0
34
+
98
68
72.0
103.0
34
34
+
+
44
714
79.1
58.0
34
34
+
+
+
87
46.6
34
(-)
+
Bin
4
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 3
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Malaysia
56
Kiggelariaceae
Malaysia
56
Lauraceae
Malaysia
56
Lauraceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Malaysia
56
Moraceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
56
Moraceae
Myristicaceae
Myrtaceae
Malaysia
56
Myrtaceae
Malaysia
56
Myrtaceae
Malaysia
56
Myrtaceae
Malaysia
56
Myrtaceae
Malaysia
56
Oxalidaceae
Malaysia
Malaysia
56
56
Rutaceae
Sapotaceae
Malaysia
56
Verbenaceae
Taiwan
Taiwan
57
57
Anacardiaceae
Araliaceae
Taiwan
57
Ebenaceae
Taiwan
57
Elaeocarpaceae
Taiwan
57
Fagaceae
Taiwan
57
Fagaceae
Taiwan
57
Fagaceae
Taiwan
Taiwan
57
57
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Taiwan
57
Juglandaceae
Taiwan
57
Lauraceae
Taiwan
Taiwan
57
57
Lauraceae
Lauraceae
Taiwan
57
Lauraceae
Taiwan
57
Lythraceae
Taiwan
57
Phyllanthaceae
Taiwan
57
Sabiaceae
Species
Hydnocarpus
woodii
Alseodaphne
bancana
Alseodaphne
insignis
Durio acutifolius
Durio crassipes
Pentace
adenophora
Artocarpus
anisophyllus
Artocarpus nitidus
Myristica villosa
Cleistocalyx cf.
barringtonioides
Syzygium cf.
attenuatum
Syzygium cf.
grande
Syzygium sp.
incert. c
Whiteodendron
moultonianum
Sarcotheca
diversifolia
Melicope glabra
Palaquium
microphyllum
Teijsmanniodendr
on simplicifolium
Rhus succedanea
Schefflera
octophylla
Diospyros
morrisiana
Elaeocarpus
japonicus
Castanopsis
cuspidata
Cyclobalanopsis
gilva
Cyclobalanopsis
longinux
Limlia uraiana
Lithocarpus
harlandii
Engelhardia
roxburghiana
Cinnamomum
micranthum
Litsea acuminata
Machilus
thunbergii
Machilus
zuihoensis
Lagerstroemia
subcostata
Glochidion
acuminatum
Meliosma
squamulata
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
(+)
62
71.0
34
+
110
85.0
34
+
115
98.0
34
(-)
(+)
71
66
82
71.0
104.3
88.1
34
34
34
+
+
(+)
+
116
52.5
34
+
89
77
70
46.0
45.8
67.2
34
34
34
+
+
+
62
65.0
34
+
221
62.0
34
+
41
75.4
34
(-)
576
70.7
34
+
47
50.9
34
+
58
91
54.2
62.7
34
34
+
+
281
60.2
34
+
61
472
54.0
84.1
34
34
+
+
492
60.9
34
+
+
375
72.4
34
(+)
+
+
1311
99.0
34
+
+
-
118
88.4
34
+
246
52.9
34
+
1108
49
171.5
59.2
34
34
(+)
+
+
561
93.3
34
+
+
+
204
90.6
34
+
986
1223
67.5
90.0
34
34
+
(+)
+
+
(+)
613
79.5
34
+
-
83
48.0
34
(+)
394
39.6
34
+
1814
74.8
34
+
Bin
4
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 4
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Taiwan
57
Theaceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
58
Burseraceae
Clusiaceae
Datiscaceae
Thailand
58
Dipterocarpaceae
Thailand
58
Dipterocarpaceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Thailand
58
Ebenaceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Thailand
58
Euphorbiaceae
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
58
58
Euphorbiaceae
Irvingiaceae
Lamiaceae
Lauraceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Lauraceae
Lythraceae
Thailand
58
Malvaceae
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Thailand
58
Meliaceae
Thailand
58
Meliaceae
Thailand
58
Myrtaceae
Thailand
58
Phyllanthaceae
Thailand
58
Polygalaceae
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand
58
58
58
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Thailand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
58
59
Sapindaceae
Cunoniaceae
59
Cupressaceae
59
Elaeocarpaceae
59
Elaeocarpaceae
Species
Pyrenaria
shinkoensis
Gluta obovata
Alphonsea
ventricosa
Polyalthia viridis
Saccopetalum
lineatum
Garuga pinnata
Garcinia speciosa
Tetrameles
nudiflora
Anisoptera
costata
Dipterocarpus
alatus
Hopea odorata
Vatica
harmandiana
Diospyros
variegata
Diospyros winitii
Macaranga
siamensis
Mallotus
philippenensis
Trewia nudiflora
Irvingia malayana
Vitex peduncularis
Neolitsea
obtusifolia
Persea sp.
Lagerstroemia
tomentosa
Pterospermum
grandiflorum
Aglaia spectabilis
Aphanamixis
polystachya
Chukrassia
tabularis
Dysoxylum
grande
Syzygium
syzgioides
Baccaurea
ramiflora
Xanthophyllum
flavescens
Acer oblongum
Arytera littoralis
Dimocarpus
longan
Harpullia arborea
Weinmannia
racemosa
Libocedrus
bidwillii
Elaeocarpus
dentatus
Elaeocarpus
hookerianus
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
+
1679
43.3
34
+
+
172
566
90.8
71.7
34
34
+
+
+
2207
999
46.4
114.6
34
34
+
+
+
53
454
205
87.4
68.9
219.4
34
34
34
+
+
(+)
+
75
138.1
34
+
+
195
149.2
34
(+)
+
182
692
189.9
126.8
34
34
+
+
+
+
381
74.8
34
+
+
786
90
45.0
52.0
34
34
+
+
121
51.4
34
+
159
95
54
500
61.7
113.0
71.8
66.6
34
34
34
34
+
+
+
+
+
138
188
63.9
137.6
34
34
+
+
+
118
65.1
34
+
110
71
67.2
76.9
34
34
(-)
+
+
96
87.0
34
(+)
+
72
39.3
34
+
75
68.0
34
+
907
41.4
34
+
88
56.7
34
+
175
818
999
131.4
42.5
92.2
34
34
34
(+)
(-)
+
+
+
+
186
9277
48.6
173.8
34
60
+
+
+
56
83.2
60
+
56
85.4
60
+
91
95.0
60
(-)
Bin
4
+
+
+
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 5
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
New
Zealand
Argentina
59
Escalloniaceae
59
Species
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
628
48.3
60
+
Escalloniaceae
Carpodetus
serratus
Ixerba excelsa
98
58.8
60
+
59
Escalloniaceae
Quintinia acutifolia
368
39.8
60
+
59
Fagaceae
Nothofagus fusca
2381
203.5
60
+
+
+
-
59
Fagaceae
6855
158.0
60
+
+
+
+
59
Fagaceae
17595
121.0
60
+
+
+
+
59
Fagaceae
89
124.5
60
+
59
Griseliniaceae
Nothofagus
menziesii
Nothofagus
solandri
Nothofagus
truncata
Griselinia littoralis
1636
106.3
60
+
59
Lauraceae
304
95.0
60
+
59
Myrtaceae
599
78.4
60
(+)
+
59
Myrtaceae
1196
267.5
60
+
+
59
Onagraceae
241
66.5
60
+
+
59
Podocarpaceae
860
193.0
60
+
+
59
Podocarpaceae
1277
147.7
60
(+)
+
59
Podocarpaceae
444
90.5
60
+
59
Podocarpaceae
72
65.7
60
+
59
Proteaceae
175
90.5
60
+
59
Violaceae
1120
138
60
+
61
Anacardiaceae
212
90.0
34
+
+
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
Betulaceae
Bignoniaceae
145
107
66.2
62.3
34
34
+
+
+
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae
100
277
54.6
77.5
34
34
+
+
+
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
61
Caprifoliaceae
Combretaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
102
371
175
50.6
85.4
113.4
34
34
34
(+)
+
+
+
Argentina
61
Fabaceae
616
127.0
34
+
+
Argentina
61
Fabaceae
181
45.0
34
+
Argentina
61
Fabaceae
68
64.0
34
+
Argentina
61
Fabaceae
499
89.2
34
(-)
+
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
61
Fabaceae
Juglandaceae
Lauraceae
46
98
627
152.2
56.7
174.5
34
34
34
+
+
+
+
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
Lauraceae
Malvaceae
318
78
82.5
95.5
34
34
+
(+)
Beilschmiedia
tawa
Kunzea ericoides
Metrosideros
umbellata
Fuchsia
excorticata
Dacrydium
cupressinum
Podocarpus hallii
Prumnopitys
ferruginea
Prumnopytis
taxifolia
Knightia excelsa
Melicytus
ramiflorus
Astronium
urundeuva
Alnus acuminata
Tabebuia
impetiginosa
Cordia trichotoma
Patagonula
americana
Sambucus nigra
Terminalia triflora
Crinodendron
tucumanum
Anadenanthera
colubrina
Gleditsia
amorphoides
Myroxylon
peruiferum
Parapiptadenia
excelsa
Tipuana tipu
Juglans australis
Cinnamomum
porphyrium
Ocotea puberula
Ceiba insigne
+
+
+
+
(-)
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 6
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Argentina
61
Malvaceae
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
61
61
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Argentina
61
Myrtaceae
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
Nyctaginaceae
Podocarpaceae
Argentina
61
Polygonaceae
Argentina
61
Primulaceae
Argentina
61
Rhamnaceae
Argentina
61
Rubiaceae
Argentina
Argentina
61
61
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Argentina
61
Sapotaceae
Colombia
62
Anacardiaceae
Colombia
Colombia
62
62
Burseraceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Colombia
62
Euphorbiaceae
Colombia
62
Fagaceae
Colombia
62
Lecythidaceae
Colombia
Panama
62
64
Moraceae
Anacardiaceae
Panama
64
Annonaceae
Panama
64
Apocynaceae
Panama
64
Apocynaceae
Panama
64
Araliaceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
64
64
64
64
64
Bignoniaceae
Bignoniaceae
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae
Burseraceae
Panama
64
Burseraceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
64
64
64
Chrysobalanaceae
Erythropalaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Panama
Panama
64
64
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Panama
64
Fabaceae
Species
Heliocarpus
popayanensis
Cedrela balansae
Cedrela lilloi
Morus alba
Blepharocalyx
salicifolious
Myrcianthes
pungens
Pisonia zapallo
Podocarpus
parlatorei
Ruprechtia
laxiflora
Myrsine
laetevirens
Phyllostilon
rhamnoides
Callycophylum
multiflorum
Cupanea vernalis
Diatenopterix
sorbifolia
Chrysophyllum
gonocarpun
Astronium
graveolens
Bursera simaruba
Pseudomonotes
tropenbosii
Croton
magdalenensis
Quercus
humboldtii
Eschweilera
punctata
Brosimum utile
Spondias
radlkoferi
Guatteria
dumetorum
Aspidosperma
spruceanum
Tabernaemontana
arborea
Dendropanax
arboreus
Jacaranda copaia
Tabebuia rosea
Cordia alliodora
Cordia bicolor
Protium
tenuifolium
Tetragastris
panamensis
Hirtella triandra
Heisteria concinna
Alchornea
costaricensis
Hura crepitans
Lonchocarpus
heptaphyllus
Prioria copaifera
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
+
+
+
(+)
+
(+)
56
55.7
34
+
69
75
179
174
100.5
82.8
76.1
132.5
34
34
34
34
+
(-)
(+)
(+)
516
72.6
34
+
365
299
84.7
151.9
34
34
+
+
+
93
104.8
34
+
+
149
134.4
34
+
441
88.2
34
+
+
287
83.7
34
(-)
+
128
291
57.5
54.9
34
34
+
(+)
+
172
75.0
34
+
+
290
50.2
63
(+)
+
186
58
64.9
72.9
63
63
+
+
52
52.0
63
+
509
92.5
63
+
115
69.7
63
+
115
57
97.1
93.9
63
34
+
(+)
+
160
67.3
34
(-)
+
50
111.2
34
+
+
292
82.7
34
+
64
66.9
34
+
205
55
49
289
331
91.6
82.5
64.2
45.8
46.3
34
34
34
34
34
+
+
+
+
+
356
74.2
34
+
646
255
87
41.0
38.0
60.3
34
34
34
+
+
(+)
87
86
246.8
55.7
34
34
(-)
+
+
319
136.9
34
+
+
+
-
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 7
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Data
ref.
Family
Panama
64
Fabaceae
Panama
64
Lauraceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
64
64
64
Lauraceae
Lecythidaceae
Malvaceae
Panama
Panama
64
64
Malvaceae
Malvaceae
Panama
Panama
64
64
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Panama
64
Moraceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
64
64
64
Moraceae
Myristicaceae
Myristicaceae
Panama
64
Nyctaginaceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
64
64
64
Putranjivaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Panama
Panama
Panama
Panama
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
64
64
64
64
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
Salicaceae
Sapotaceae
Simaroubaceae
Urticaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Betulaceae
Betulaceae
Cupressaceae
Spain
65,66
Cupressaceae
Spain
65,66
Cupressaceae
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
Fagaceae
Fagaceae
Juglandaceae
Lauraceae
Malvaceae
Myricaceae
Myrtaceae
Spain
65,66
Myrtaceae
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
Myrtaceae
Oleaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Species
Tachigali
versicolor
Beilschmiedia
pendula
Ocotea whitei
Gustavia superba
Apeiba
membranacea
Luehea seemannii
Quararibea
asterolepis
Guarea guidonia
Trichilia
tuberculata
Brosimum
alicastrum
Poulsenia armata
Virola sebifera
Virola
surinamensis
Guapira
standleyana
Drypetes standleyi
Alseis blackiana
Zanthoxylum
ekmanii
Casearia arborea
Pouteria reticulata
Simarouba amara
Cecropia insignis
Ilex aquifolium
Ilex canariensis
Alnus glutinosa
Betula spp.
Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana
Juniperus
communis
Juniperus
thurifera
Castanea sativa
Fagus sylvatica
Quercus ilex
Quercus petraea
Quercus
pyrenaica
Quercus robur
Quercus suber
Juglans regia
Persea indica
Tilia spp.
Myrica faya
Eucalyptus
camaldulensis
Eucalyptus
globulus
Eucalyptus nitens
Olea europaea
Abies alba
Larix spp.
Picea abies
Pinus canariensis
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
+
Bin
4
78
63.2
34
(+)
+
228
79.2
34
+
+
97
547
174
82.7
44.8
114.3
34
34
34
+
+
+
62
525
113.9
92.5
34
34
+
+
296
1306
44.5
64.3
34
34
+
+
+
162
129.5
34
(-)
+
480
495
107
80.0
42.3
88.5
34
34
34
+
+
(-)
+
78
108.7
34
+
276
881
111
60.6
89.2
67.4
34
34
34
+
(+)
+
69
169
207
155
295
272
1177
2343
724
54.7
85.0
76.7
56.2
51.6
71.6
118.4
79.6
50.4
34
34
34
34
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
684
75.8
65,66
+
+
5900
127.3
65,66
+
+
+
4775
20676
40451
5145
20466
240.6
164.9
141.6
187.8
172.4
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
(+)
+
+
(-)
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
-
8866
10907
68
201
97
786
1189
146.4
146.5
77.0
105.0
79.9
108.2
89.1
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
(-)
(+)
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
3465
117.8
65,66
-
+
+
+
189
389
2276
794
94
16044
101.2
81.2
140.1
47.9
75.4
174.0
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-)
(-)
+
+
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 8
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
43615
44291
76024
14112
11331
87225
10735
223
327
209
1189
454
636
1091
40
114
1245
102.8
95.5
96.4
130.5
90.7
128.3
127.3
49.3
65.3
91.7
101.9
90.5
105.0
89.1
107.6
111.4
102.4
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
17
(+)
+
+
+
(-)
+
(+)
(-)
(-)
(-)
+
(-)
(+)
(-)
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(+)
Betula lenta
244
60.2
17
+
Betulaceae
Betula nigra
212
81.0
17
+
+
67
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera
1506
63.0
17
+
+
67
Cornaceae
Nyssa aquatica
53
101.1
17
-
67
Cornaceae
Nyssa sylvatica
682
75.7
17
+
67
Cupressaceae
Juniperus
virginiana
800
60.7
17
(-)
+
67
Cupressaceae
Thuja occidentalis
4337
80.8
17
+
+
67
Fabaceae
Gleditsia
triacanthos
304
103.9
17
+
+
67
Fabaceae
Robinia
psuedoacacia
443
64.8
17
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Fagus grandifolia
2130
109.5
17
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus alba
6583
127.8
17
(+)
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus bicolor
210
100.6
17
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus coccinea
878
68.1
17
-
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus
ellipsoidalis
226
76.7
17
+
+
+
Data
ref.
Family
Species
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
65,66
67
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Salicaceae
Salicaceae
Salicaceae
Salicaceae
Sapindaceae
Taxaceae
Ulmaceae
Betulaceae
Pinus halepensis
Pinus nigra
Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinea
Pinus radiata
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus uncinata
Prunus spp.
Sorbus spp.
Populus alba
Populus nigra
Populus tremula
Salix spp.
Acer campestre
Taxus baccata
Ulmus minor
Betula
alleghaniensis
67
Betulaceae
67
# of
trees
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 9
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
Data
ref.
Family
Species
67
Fagaceae
Quercus falcata
var. falcata
67
Fagaceae
Quercus falcata
var. pagodaefolia
67
Fagaceae
67
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
249
100.1
17
+
+
60
80.8
17
(-)
+
Quercus
imbricaria
310
72.1
17
-
+
Fagaceae
Quercus
macrocarpa
224
116.8
17
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus michauxii
45
107.7
17
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus
muehlenbergii
439
94.5
17
(+)
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus palustris
584
138.7
17
(+)
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus prinus
1900
93.7
17
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus rubra
4477
157.7
17
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus
shumardii
62
104.9
17
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus stellata
711
74.4
17
+
+
+
67
Fagaceae
Quercus velutina
3867
104.4
17
+
+
+
67
Hamamelidaceae
Liquidambar
styraciflua
777
72.6
17
(+)
+
67
Juglandaceae
Carya cordiformis
774
81.0
17
+
+
67
Juglandaceae
Carya glabra
2060
95.8
17
(+)
+
+
67
Juglandaceae
Carya laciniosa
74
68.3
17
+
67
Juglandaceae
Carya ovata
1602
82.6
17
(-)
+
+
67
Juglandaceae
Carya tomentosa
975
93.5
17
+
+
67
Juglandaceae
Juglans nigra
1108
82.6
17
-
+
+
+
67
Lauraceae
Sassafras albidum
895
75.7
17
+
+
+
(+)
67
Magnoliaceae
Liriodendron
tulipifera
3239
117.1
17
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 10
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
Data
ref.
Family
Species
67
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia
acuminata
67
Malvaceae
Tilia americana
67
Moraceae
Maclura pomifera
67
Oleaceae
Fraxinus
americana
67
Oleaceae
67
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
+
98
55.1
17
+
1571
122.7
17
+
+
174
61.7
17
+
+
2354
137.2
17
-
+
Fraxinus nigra
712
58.2
17
+
+
Oleaceae
Fraxinus
pennsylvanica
906
115.6
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Abies balsamea
1227
40.1
17
+
67
Pinaceae
Larix laricina
646
57.2
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Picea glauca
759
73.9
17
(+)
+
67
Pinaceae
Picea mariana
1124
49.8
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Picea rubens
412
46.5
17
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus banksiana
1245
47.5
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus echinata
596
71.4
17
(-)
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus resinosa
2173
65.5
17
(-)
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus rigida
299
46.2
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus strobus
2728
108.0
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus taeda
597
58.2
17
(+)
+
67
Pinaceae
Pinus virginiana
921
55.4
17
+
+
67
Pinaceae
Tsuga canadensis
2071
100.1
17
+
+
+
67
Platanaceae
Platanus
occidentalis
1073
133.9
17
-
+
+
67
Rosaceae
Prunus serotina
1532
88.9
17
+
+
+
Bin
4
+
+
+
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 11
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(east)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
Data
ref.
Family
Species
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
+
Bin
4
67
Salicaceae
Populus
balsamifera
381
82.8
17
+
+
67
Salicaceae
Populus deltoides
648
147.1
17
-
+
67
Salicaceae
Populus
grandidentata
1242
66.5
17
+
+
67
Salicaceae
Populus
tremuloides
2270
62.5
17
+
+
67
Salicaceae
Salix nigra
164
88.4
17
+
67
Sapindaceae
Acer negundo
417
100.8
17
+
+
67
Sapindaceae
Acer rubrum
7448
124.0
17
+
+
+
+
67
Sapindaceae
Acer saccharinum
1386
121.2
17
(+)
+
+
+
67
Sapindaceae
Acer saccharum
8681
113.3
17
+
+
+
67
Sapindaceae
Aesculus glabra
85
61.7
17
(+)
+
67
Ulmaceae
Celtis occidentalis
552
130.6
17
(+)
+
67
Ulmaceae
Ulmus americana
884
72.4
17
+
+
67
Ulmaceae
Ulmus rubra
415
72.9
17
(+)
+
+
68,69
Cupressaceae
Calocedrus
decurrens
1587
176.0
17
(+)
+
+
68,69
Cupressaceae
Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis
572
210.0
17
+
+
+
68,69
Cupressaceae
Thuja plicata
284
240.7
17
+
+
68,69
Fagaceae
Quercus kelloggii
422
97.8
17
(+)
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Abies amabilis
2595
124.7
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Abies concolor
3248
166.8
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Abies magnifica
1644
249.7
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Abies procera
205
230.2
17
+
+
+
+
(+)
+
(+)
+
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 12
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12914
Country
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
United
States
(west)
Data
ref.
Family
Species
# of
trees
Max.
tree
diam.
(cm)
Allom.
ref.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
+
(+)
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Picea sitchensis
409
270.5
17
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus albicaulis
550
41.8
17
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus balfouriana
152
153.0
17
(+)
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus contorta
155
70.0
17
(+)
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus jeffreyi
99
136.6
17
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus lambertiana
564
196.9
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus monticola
215
234.2
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa
2191
175.5
17
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
744
225.6
17
(+)
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Tsuga
heterophylla
2253
190.8
17
+
+
+
+
68,69
Pinaceae
Tsuga
mertensiana
188
115.1
17
(+)
+
+
Data ref. = publication(s) describing our data source for each species; Allom. ref. =
publication(s) from which we obtained allometric equations for each species. A “+” or
“-” symbol in a numbered Bin column indicates that the model receiving the greatest
weight of evidence by AIC included that bin (line segment); for example, a species
having a symbol under Bin 1 and Bin 2 but not under Bin 3 and Bin 4 was fit with two
line segments. “+” indicates that the line segment had a positive slope (mass growth rate
increased with tree size within the bin); “-” indicates a negative slope. Symbols without
parentheses indicate that the slope for that bin for that particular species was significant at
P≤0.05.
51.
Chuyong, G. B. et al. in Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from
a Large-Scale Plot Network (eds Losos, E. C. & Leigh, E. G. Jr.) 506–516
(University of Chicago Press, 2004).
52.
Makana, J.-R. et al. in Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a
Large-Scale Plot Network (eds Losos, E. C. & Leigh, E. G. Jr.) 492–505
(University of Chicago Press, 2004).
WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE | 13
doi:10.1038/nature12914
RESEARCH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
53.
Wang, X. et al. Spatial distributions of species in an old-growth temperate forest,
northeastern China. Can. J. For. Res. 40, 1011–1019 (2010).
54.
Xu, Z., Li, X. & Dai, H. Study on biomass of species in broad-leaved Korean pine
mixed forest in Changbai Mountain [in Chinese]. Forest Ecosyst. Res. 5, 33–46
(1985).
55.
Wang, C. Biomass allometric equations for 10 co-occurring tree species in Chinese
temperate forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 222, 9–16 (2006).
56.
Lee, H. S. et al. in Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a
Large-Scale Plot Network (eds Losos, E. C. & Leigh, E. G. Jr.) 527-539
(University of Chicago Press, 2004).
57.
Su, S. H. et al. Fushan Subtropical Forest Dynamics Plot: Tree Species
Characteristics and Distribution Patterns. (Taiwan Forestry Research Institute:
Taipei, Taiwan, 2007).
58.
Bunyavejchewin, S., Baker, P. J., LaFrankie, J. V. & Ashton, P. S. in Tropical
Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a Large-Scale Plot Network (eds
Losos, E. C. & Leigh, E. G. Jr.) 482-491 (University of Chicago Press, 2004).
59.
Wiser, S. K., Bellingham, P. J. & Burrows, L. E. Managing biodiversity
information: development of New Zealand’s National Vegetation Survey
databank. New Zealand J. Ecol. 25, 1–17 (2001).
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Coomes, D. A., Allen, R. B., Scott, N. A., Goulding, C. & Beets, P. Designing
systems to monitor carbon stocks in forests and shrublands. For. Ecol. Manage.
164, 89–108 (2002).
61.
Easdale, T. A., Healey, J. R., Grau, H. R. & Malizia, A. Tree life histories in a
montane subtropical forest: species differ independently by shade-tolerance,
turnover rate and substrate preference. J. Ecol. 95, 1234–1249 (2007).
62.
Phillips Bernal, J. F. et al. Estimación de las Reservas Potenciales de Carbono
Almacenadas en la Biomasa Aérea en Bosques Naturales de Colombia. (Instituto
de Hidrología, Meteorología, y Estudios Ambientales: Bogotá D.C., Colombia,
2011).
63.
Alvarez, E. et al. Tree above-ground biomass allometries for carbon stocks
estimation in the natural forests of Colombia. For. Ecol. Manage. 267, 297–308
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64.
Leigh, E. G. Jr. et al. in Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a
Large-Scale Plot Network (eds Losos, E. C. & Leigh, E. G. Jr.) 451-463
(University of Chicago Press, 2004).
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65.
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (IFN2: MMA) Segundo Inventario Forestal
Nacional (1986–1996): Bases de Datos e Información Cartográfica. (Banco de
Datos de la Naturaleza, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente: Madrid, Spain, 1996).
66.
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (IFN3: MMA) Tercer Inventario Forestal
Nacional (1997-2007): Bases de Datos e Información Cartográfica. (Banco de
Datos de la Naturaleza, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente: Madrid, Spain, 2007).
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Canham, C. D. & Thomas, R. Q. Frequency, not relative abundance, of temperate
tree species varies along climate gradients in eastern North America. Ecology 91,
3433–3440 (2010).
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Acker, S. A., McKee, W. A., Harmon, M. E. & Franklin, J. F. in Forest
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